Low-cost solid FeS lubricant as a possible alternative to MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> for producing Fe-based friction materials

Three reaction systems of MoS₂-Fe, FeS-Fe, and FeS-Fe-Mo were designed to investigate the use of FeS as an alternative to MoS₂ for producing Fe-based friction materials. Samples were prepared by powder metallurgy, and their phase compositions, microstructures, mechanical properties, and friction performance were characterized. The results showed that MoS₂ reacts with the matrix to produce iron-sulfides and Mo when sintered at 1050℃. Iron-sulfides produced in the MoS₂-Fe system were distributed uniformly and continuously in the matrix, leading to optimal mechanical properties and the lowest coefficient of friction among the systems studied. The lubricity observed was hypothesized to originate from the iron-sulfides produced. The FeS-Fe-Mo system showed a phase composition, porosity, and density similar to those of the MoS₂-Fe system, but an uneven distribution of iron-sulfides and Mo in this system resulted in less-optimal mechanical properties. Finally, the FeS-Fe system showed the poorest mechanical properties among the systems studied because of the lack of Mo reinforcement. In friction tests, the formation of a sulfide layer contributed to a decrease in coefficient of friction (COF) in all of the samples.     

Solid FeS lubricant: a possible alternative to MoS2 for Cu-Fe-based friction materials

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most commonly used solid lubricants for Cu-Fe-based friction materials.Nevertheless,MoS2 reacts with metal matrices to produce metal sulfides (e.g.,FeS) and Mo during sintering,and the lubricity of the composite may be related to the generation of FeS.Herein,the use of FeS as an alternative to MoS2 for producing Cu-Fe-based friction materials was investigated.According to the reaction principle of thermodynamics,two composites—one with MoS2 (Fe-Cu-MoS2 sample) and the other with FeS (FeS-Cu2S-Cu-Fe-Mo sample),were prepared and their friction behaviors and mechanical properties were compared.The results showed that MoS2 reacted with the Cu-Fe matrix to produce FeS,metallic ternary sulfides,and Mo when sintered at 1050℃.The MoS2-Cu-Fe and FeS-Cu2S-Cu-Fe-Mo samples thereby exhibited similar characteristics with respect to phase composition,density,hardness,and tribological behaviors.Micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed that the stable friction regime for both composites stemmed from the iron sulfides friction layers rather than from the molybdenum sulfides layers.     

Solid FeS lubricant:a possible alternative to MoS2 for Cu-Fe-based friction materials

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is one of the most commonly used solid lubricants for Cu-Fe-based friction materials. Nevertheless, MoS₂ reacts with metal matrices to produce metal sulfides (e.g., FeS) and Mo during sintering, and the lubricity of the composite may be related to the generation of FeS. Herein, the use of FeS as an alternative to MoS₂ for producing Cu-Fe-based friction materials was investigated. According to the reaction principle of thermodynamics, two composites-one with MoS₂ (Fe-Cu-MoS₂ sample) and the other with FeS (FeS-Cu₂S-Cu-Fe-Mo sample), were prepared and their friction behaviors and mechanical properties were compared. The results showed that MoS₂ reacted with the Cu-Fe matrix to produce FeS, metallic ternary sulfides, and Mo when sintered at 1050℃. The MoS₂-Cu-Fe and FeS-Cu₂S-Cu-Fe-Mo samples thereby exhibited similar characteristics with respect to phase composition, density, hardness, and tribological behaviors. Micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed that the stable friction regime for both composites stemmed from the iron sulfides friction layers rather than from the molybdenum sulfides layers.     

铁基自润滑合金硫化钼形成规律

利用中频感应炉炼制四种不同钼、硫含量的钢,通过SEM观察组织并结合XRD分析物相,研究合金中的硫化钼形成规律. 结果表明:Mo的质量分数为1.5%时,只能形成 FeS,极少量的Mo以Fe3Mo2形式存在;Mo为6.5%时,Mo仍以Fe3Mo2的形式存在;Mo达到11%时,虽有少量的MoS2形成,但多数Mo与Fe形成化合物Fe3Mo2;Mo达到19.5%时生成较多的MoSx;Mo低于10%时很难形成钼的硫化物;退火有利于MoSx的形成,但未发现纯的MoS2生成. 由此初步认为:MoSx是FeMoS化合物分解析出的,是亚稳的;在合金中起细化晶粒作用的V,Nb和Ti有过强的硫亲和力,不利于钼的硫化物形成;脱氧的铝也应少加.     

铁粉表面硫化处理制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金

突破常规铁基粉末合金的制备工艺,设计出一种制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金的新工艺.通过对铁粉表面进行硫化处理,Fe与S反应合成FeS,均匀包覆在Fe粉颗粒表面,形成一层FeS润滑薄膜,有利于降低压制摩擦力.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、和场发射扫描电镜分析研究材料的物相、元素分布和显微组织.研究结果表明:包覆在铁粉颗粒表面的FeS薄膜,有利于提高压坯密度,活化烧结.当S质量分数为0.5%时,硫化处理的Fe-2Cu-0.8C合金的力学性能优异,压坯密度7.31 g·cm-3,硬度78.6 HRB,抗拉强度485 MPa;当S质量分数达到0.8%时,多余的FeS占压制体积分数,导致试样的压坯密度降低,力学性能降低.     

颗粒对液-固二相润滑摩擦和温度特性影响的试验研究

文章研究了润滑油中含有固体颗粒时对摩擦副摩擦和温度特性的影响,试验在HDM20端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行,试验采用3种微米级的固体颗粒添加剂,即Al2O3、MoS2和石墨粉, 在线测量了温度的变化过程和摩擦系数;结果表明,较软的MoS2和石墨粉降低了温度,减小摩擦系数,较硬的Al2O3颗粒升高了温度,容易使摩擦副擦伤;颗粒加入量对温度和摩擦特性有明显影响,在该文研究工况下,1.5 μm的石墨粉质量分数控制在5%以内对润滑有一定改善作用,在1%时效果最好.选用1.5 μm、2.3 μm、4.0 μm、10 μm、15 μm、30 μm粒径的石墨颗粒进行了试验研究,发现从1.5 ～4.0 μm时,随着颗粒粒径的增大温度变高,摩擦系数变大,从4 ～30 μm时,随着颗粒粒径的增大温度变低,摩擦系数变小.     

新型Ni－Cu－P／MoS_2固体润滑镀层优化试验研究

研制出一种新型Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ／ＭｏＳ２电刷镀固体润滑复合镀层。对影响镀层耐磨性的因素进行了正交设计;包括镀液中铜盐、次亚磷酸盐、二硫化钼及刷镀电压。对得到的９种镀层,进行了摩擦磨损试验,测量其磨损量及摩擦系数,最终优化出最佳的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ／ＭｏＳ２镀层及相应的镀液。还对镀层的相结构及成分进行了测试,讨论了它们对镀层耐磨性的影响。结果表明,镀层中一定量的铜及亚稳间隙相对改善镀层的耐磨性及减磨性具有重要作用。     

超高分子量聚乙烯聚合材料的磨擦磨损性能

用MPV－200型磨擦磨损试验机和腐蚀磨损试验机,对MoS2、PTFE、石墨、玻璃纤维、碳纤维填充的超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMW－PE）塑料复合材料的磨擦磨损性能进行了较为系统的研究,结果表明：填充MoS2、PTFE、石墨可降低UHMW－PE的磨擦系数;而添加玻璃纤维则增大了UHMW－PE的磨擦系数;添加碳纤维对UHMW－PE的磨擦系数几乎无影响。同时,添加填料可使用UHMW－PE的耐磨性显著提高,其中石墨的减磨降磨效果最佳。重点研究了载荷、滑动速度对高分子量聚乙烯基体＋20％石墨复合材料的磨擦磨损性能的影响。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb–Mo–ZrB2 composites prepared by hot-pressing sintering

Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites (V(Nb)/V(Mo)=1) with 15vol% or 30vol% of ZrB₂ were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering at 2000℃. The phases, microstructure, and mechanical properties were then investigated. The composites contain Nb-Mo solid solution (denoted as (Nb, Mo)ss hereafter), ZrB, MoB, and NbB phases. Compressive strength test results suggest that the strength of Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites increases with increasing ZrB₂ content; Nb–Mo–30vol%ZrB₂ had the highest compressive strength (1905.1 MPa). The improvement in the compressive strength of the Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites is mainly attributed to the secondary phase strengthening of the stiffer ZrB phase, solid-solution strengthening of the (Nb, Mo)ss matrix as well as fine-grain strengthening. The fracture toughness decreases with increasing ZrB₂ content. Finally, the fracture modes of the Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites are also discussed in detail.     

316L／45#钢在MoS2水基润滑液润滑下的摩擦磨损性能

通过316L不锈钢与45#钢在去离子水、二硫化钼水基润滑液、30#机械油3种工况下,分别改变其载荷进行滑动摩擦实验,比较其摩擦磨损性能并分析磨损机制。结果表明,载荷为250N时,MoS2水基润滑液润滑工况下的摩擦系数比去离子水工况下降低67．3％,磨损量降低了83．5％;摩擦系数比30#机械油工况下增加12．5％,磨损量增加147．1％。     

45#钢在含有微米级二硫化钼的18#齿轮油中的摩擦磨损性能

通过45#钢在二硫化钼质量分数分别为0％,0．5％,1％,1．5％,2％的18#齿轮油润滑的5种工况下,进行不同载荷的滑动摩擦试验,比较其摩擦磨损性能并分析磨损机制。结果表明,载荷为300N时,二硫化钼质量分数为2％的18#齿轮油中45#钢磨损量比其在基础油工况下降低了43．5％,摩擦系数降低了33．1％。二硫化钼质量分数为2％时18#齿轮油的抗摩擦磨损性能最好。     

等离子喷涂Ni60A/MoS_2复合润滑涂层摩擦学特性研究

在UMT-2微观磨损试验机上研究了等离子喷涂Ni60A/MoS2复合润滑涂层的摩擦学特性,且对摩擦表面进行了SEM观察和分析.研究结果表明:随着MoS2含量的增加,摩擦因数显现先减小后增大的趋势,并在MoS2的质量分数为40%时达到最小值.随着载荷的增加磨损量明显增大,当载荷由80 N变化到120 N时,载荷对磨损的影响较为显著,120 N时的磨损量大约为80 N时的1.7倍左右,载荷对摩擦因数也有较大的影响,等离子喷涂涂层的主要磨损失效形式为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.     

Effect of Mo on properties of the industrial Fe-B-alloy-derived Fe-based bulk metallic glasses

The experimental results concerning the effects of Mo on the glass-forming ability (GFA), thermal stability, and mechanical, anticorrosion, and magnetic properties of an (Fe71.2B24Y4.8)96Nb4 bulk metallic glass (BMG) were presented. An industrial Fe-B alloy was used as the raw material, and a series of Fe-based BMGs were synthesized. In BMGs with the Mo contents of approximately 1at%-2at%, the cast alloy reached a critical diameter of 6 mm. The hardness and fracture strength also reached their maximum values in this alloy system. However, the anticorrosion and magnetic properties of the BMGs were not substantially improved by the addition of Mo. The low cost, good GFA, high hardness, and high fracture strength of the Fe-based BMGs developed in this work suggest that they are potential candidates for commercial applications.     

Study on reduction of MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> powders with activated carbon to produce Mo<Subscript>2</Subscript>C under vacuum conditions

A method of preparing Mo₂C via vacuum carbothermic reduction of MoS₂ in the temperature range of 1350-1550℃ was proposed. The effects of MoS₂-to-C molar ratio (α, α=1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2.5) and reaction temperature (1350 to 1550℃) on the reaction were studied in detail. The phase transition, morphological evolution, and residual sulfur content of the products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and carbon-sulfur analysis, respectively. The results showed that the complete decomposition of MoS₂ under vacuum is difficult, whereas activated carbon can react with MoS₂ under vacuum to generate Mo₂C. Meanwhile, higher temperatures and the addition of more carbon accelerated the rate of carbothermic reduction reaction and further decreased the residual sulfur content. From the experimental results, the optimum molar ratio α was concluded to be 1:1.5.     

纳米二硫化钼粉体制备及其摩擦学性能

以钼酸铵和硫化铵为原料,通过化学沉淀法制备了纳米二硫化钼颗粒,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对粉体粒子形貌、大小和相结构进行了分析.利用立式万能摩擦磨损试验机测定了纳米二硫化钼的摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散谱仪(EDS)观察分析了磨损表面形貌及表面元素组成.结果表明:制备的纳米二硫化钼是粒径为40~50 nm左右的球形颗粒,具有大量的悬空键和很高的表面活性;作为固体润滑剂能明显降低摩擦系数,提高摩擦副的耐磨性能,易于在摩擦表面形成牢固的吸附膜和化学反应膜.     

镁合金表面MoS2/树脂杂化涂层的制备及其摩擦磨损和电化学性能研究

以水作为分散介质,制备了含丙烯酸树脂和MoS2颗粒的分散液,以阳极氧化为前处理,采用电化学共沉积法在镁合金表面制备了MoS2/树脂杂化涂层;采用MR 060型多功能摩擦磨损试验机考察涂层的摩擦磨损性能,并分析其磨损机制;采用PARSTAT2273型电化学工作站测试涂层的电化学阻抗谱及极化曲线;利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析涂层的表面形貌及结构.结果表明：所制备的涂层厚度高达50 μm,在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能;MoS2的加入,能够有效降低涂层的摩擦系数,提高其耐磨性.     

Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated.The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450℃.CNTs dispersed uniformly in the AlSi10Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt％.However,when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt％,the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed.Moreover,the mechanical properties (including the densities,compressive strength,and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt％.Meanwhile,the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi10Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt％ CNTs.     

自润滑颗粒增强油漆的耐磨性能

为了提高常规油漆的耐磨性能,在醇酸油漆基础上添加不同比例的石墨粉、MoS2粉和滑石粉,制备出自润滑颗粒增强油漆。利用摩擦磨损试验机,进行清水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损试验。试验结果表明,添加各种自润滑颗粒油漆的摩擦系数和磨损量均明显下降,最好配比为10wt.%MoS2+油漆,其磨损量为醇酸油漆磨损量的五分之一。     

Effects of cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn-Mo-Ti-Cr maraging steels

Effects of cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn-Mo-Ti-Cr maraging steels were studied.To investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,tensile test,and hardness test were used.The results show that the solution-annealing treatment in the cold-rolled steel redounds to the formation of sub-microcrystalline Fe2(Mo,Ti) Laves phase particles,which are stable at high temperatures.These secondary Laves phase particles prevent from recrystallization at high temperatures and correspond to semi-brittle fracture in the subsequent aging treatment.     

用二硫化钼石墨填充聚四氟已烯摩擦学特性的研究

在干摩擦状态下,对用二硫化钼、石墨填充至聚四氟已烯中所组成的复合材料进行了摩擦磨损特性的研究.通过试验分析得知填料减磨的主要机理,是由于在摩擦表面上存在转移膜以及填料具有的自润滑特性,使得对磨时与纯聚四氟已烯相比摩擦系数降低、耐磨性提高