AGV视觉导航中Kalman滤波最优控制器的设计

为解决电子地图辅助视觉导航AGV的控制精度问题,将AGV中基于视觉的位置信号离散化后得到AGV中心轴的偏距和偏角.作为滤波器的输入信号,用U-D分解的Kalman滤波可以有效地消除在AGV导航中存在的白噪声.其中在时域中采用递推算法为最优控制输入稳定的状态量,并保证数值的稳定性,使系统的鲁棒性好;再经过状态反馈最优控制系统得到最优的控制输出.结果表明,用此方法设计的控制器稳定性强,抗干扰能力强,AGV在该控制器的作用下,转弯半径为5 m时,方向偏差在±0.5.内变化,侧向偏差控制在±4 mm之内.该控制器适应于工业环境中强电气噪声的环境,对直线和曲线路径有很好的跟踪效果,用于自动导向车辆等智能运输设备,符合工业应用的要求.     

离散线性随机系统输入—输出关系的数学描述

研究离散线性随机系统输入-输出间的关系,证明了任何线性随机系统输出方差与其输入无关.因此在任何意义下由方差极小化而得最优控制是不可能的,且已证明,输出与其集点间的期望差依赖于控制信号的选择,得到了最小偏差控制器,考虑了与线性随机系统输入-输出关系有关的所谓完全i-步输出可达性这一重要概念,并给出了以输入-输出随机差分方程所描述的多变量随机系统的完全i-步输出可达性的充要条件,并可由此得到输出可达性的简易检验方法.     

基于RFID阵列的无轨AGV系统的研究与设计

为改进有轨自动导航小车(AGV)的不足,研究一种基于RFID阵列的无轨AGV系统。该系统包括RFID阵列地板、无线通信网络、上位机、运行场地地图、小车运行控制系统;AGV安装若干RFID读卡器,运行在RFID阵列地板上,运行时通过读取地板下RFID电子标签的ID号,并通过无线通信网络发送到上位机;上位机构建和存储RFID阵列地板地图,上机位将接收到的ID号与存储的地图进行对照,计算出小车当前的位置的运行姿态,依据预设的运行路径生成AGV当前的控制指令并通过无线网络发送小车,控制小车的运行。系统通过利用RFID与地图实现定位,上位机生成控制指令的方式,实现AGV无轨运行。验证测试结果表明,AGV在预设运行路径上行驶,平均定位精度5cm,实用性好,稳定性高。     

基于遗传算法的平面车库车辆路径规划

随着物流系统自动化、智能化水平的提高,AGV在物流系统的应用越来越普遍。AGV的导航是AGV的核心技术,而路径规划是AGV导航的重要环节之一。本文应用遗传算法求解单个AGV的路径规划问题,最后给出该算法实现的路径规划仿真和实验结果,实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

一种用于小型敏捷仓库的AGV视觉导航方法研究

随着物流行业的发展,物流自动化仓库正在朝着多用户、多品种和高度灵活性的柔性自动化仓库发展,传统AGV(automatic guided vehicle)难以满足物流仓库的新需求。针对实际需求,基于色差阈值分割的方法对AGV的导航路径偏差进行提取并融合,采用"预瞄闭环控制"的思想设计路径跟踪控制器,实现了机器人高精度的路径跟踪。最后,在搭建的模拟仓库中,对设计AGV的导航性能进行了全面测试,实验结果表明,该视觉导航AGV导航灵活,精度高,运行平稳,可以满足柔性仓储的需求。     

对角式舵轮分布的AGV路径纠偏控制研究

针对对角式舵轮分布的自动导航车(automated guided vehicle, AGV)的路径纠偏,提出了一种模糊控制+滑模控制的控制方法。首先,对角式舵轮分布的AGV进行数学描述,对其运动学、动力学分析建模;其次根据运动学模型,以车体位置、角度偏差为输入量,车体转向角度为输出量,设计模糊运动控制器作为外环控制器,然后根据其非线性动力学模型设计滑模控制器作为内环控制器;最后通过MATLAB环境下的Simulink仿真研究,表明所制定的控制策略有效,保证了对角式舵轮分布的AGV的快速且稳定的路径纠偏。     

基于模糊神经网络的AGV避障路径研究

通过对AGV运动学模型进行分析,针对AGV在未知环境中的避障问题,将模糊控制与神经网络相结合,形成模糊神经网络控制器,对AGV行驶环境进行分析,将障碍物信息输入控制器,从控制器输出数据中找出避障最佳路径,利用模糊神经网络自学习和自适应能力,提高AGV避障的成功率。     

一款AGV磁导航传感器的设计

在工业自动化的发展过程中,AGV（自动导引车辆）广泛投入使用,目前应用较广泛的导航方式之一是磁条导航,它具有对环境要求低、安装简单、易维护、成本低等优点。设计了一款AGV磁导航传感器,该传感器以ARM Cortex-M3为核心、RS232C线驱动和磁导航模拟前端设计硬件实验平台,实时采集磁导航信号,采集到的信号通过对数-双曲正切函数的鲁棒自适应滤波算法,减小AGV行驶过程中的偏差,在C/OS Ⅲ微型操作系统进行任务循环调度,通过人机交互界面观测传感器实时状态,对AGV的运行轨迹进行修正。根据实验数据和仿真结果表明：使用该磁导航传感器的AGV行驶偏差较小,车身更加平稳。     

基于ANFIS的电动赛车加速驱动控制的优化

为提高赛车在中低速下的加速能力,针对传统模糊控制依赖操作人员的经验、控制精度较低等缺点,提出一种基于自适应神经模糊推理系统的电动赛车加速驱动控制优化方法。该方法以当前加速踏板开度对应的最高车速为驾驶员期望车速,以驾驶员期望车速与实际车速的偏差及其变化率为输入变量,以加速踏板修正系数为输出变量,将加速踏板修正系数与当前加速踏板开度相乘得到修正后的加速踏板开度。Matlab/Simulink仿真与实车测试结果表明:在对加速踏板采用相同的操作控制下,优化后的驱动控制方法增加了赛车加速踏板的开度;在加速结束时刻,赛车车速的仿真值较优化前提高209%,实测值较优化前提高174%。     

多AGV群控调度的蚁群算法研究

本文对多AGV群控调度中的单车导航定位及其行走路径进行了研究,并分析了蚁群算法在调度中的可行性。为缩短自动导引车调度系统的研发周期、降低研发成本,寻求能适应不同环境的通用调度策略以及增强对实际调度任务和故障的鲁棒性。在多自动导引车群控调度中使用蚁群算法,建立了调度系统的数学模型,并通过MATLAB仿真验证了此方法的可行性,得到了最优的导航路径及调度方案。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that