FeCl_3·xH_2O催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的研究

研究了带有x个结晶水的三氯化铁(FeCl3.xH2O)作为催化剂,由苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合成苯甲酸乙酯的反应条件,重点讨论了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度以及不同的带水剂对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明,FeCl3.xH2O是催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的良好催化剂,且可以重复使用。当酯化率最大是的最佳反应条件为:酸醇摩尔比为1∶6,催化剂用量与苯甲酸用量的摩尔比为1∶3.3,反应时间为4.0h,反应温度为80℃,带水剂为环己烷。     

FeCl3·xH2O催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的研究

研究了带有x个结晶水的三氯化铁(FeCl3·xH2O)作为催化剂,由苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合成苯甲酸乙酯的反应条件,重点讨论了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度以及不同的带水剂对酯化率的影响.实验结果表明,FeCl3·xH 2O是催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的良好催化剂,且可以重复使用.当酯化率最大是的最佳反应条件为:酸醇摩尔比为1∶6,催化剂用量与苯甲酸用量的摩尔比为1∶3.3,反应时间为4.0h,反应温度为80℃,带水剂为环己烷.     

有机合成的思路——四氧化锡催化合成苯甲酸异丁酯

研究了以四氯化锡为催化剂,苯甲酸和异丁醇直接合成苯甲酸异丁酯的优化反应条件:以0.1 mol苯甲酸为基准,n(异丁醇)/n(笨甲酸)=4,催化剂用量为苯甲酸质量的9.5%,反应在回流温度下进行3 h,苯甲酸的酯化率可达98.05%,质量分数在99%以上。该催化剂易分离回收,可重复使用。     

氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲酸苄酯

以氨基磺酸为催化剂,通过苯甲酸和苄醇来合成苯甲酸苄酯,并对影响酯化率的因素进行了研究．结果表明最佳条件为：催化剂用量为0．4g／0．05mol苯甲酸,醇酸物质的量比为3：1,带水剂（甲苯）为15ml,反应时间为120mins,反应温度为140—160℃,酯化率可达72．7％．     

有机合成的思路——四氯化锡催化合成苯甲酸异丁酯

研究了以四氯化锡为催化剂,苯甲酸和异丁醇直接合成苯甲酸异丁酯的优化反应条件：以0．1mol苯甲酸为基准,n（异丁醇）／n（苯甲酸）=4,催化剂用量为苯甲酸质量的9．5％,反应在回流温度下进行5h,苯甲酸的酯化率可达98．05％,质量分数在99％以上。该催化剂易分离回收,可重复使用。     

活性炭负载钛酸四丁酯催化合成二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯

以活性炭负载钛酸四丁酯为催化剂,正丁醚为带水剂,采用直接酯化法合成二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯(DEDB);运用低温氮气吸附脱附(BET)与电子顺磁共振波谱(ESR)分析对催化剂进行表征,采用IR和1HNMR进行反应产物的表征;探讨原料比、带水剂用量、反应温度等因素对酯化率的影响。确定了活性炭固载钛酸四丁酯催化二乙二醇(DEG)和苯甲酸(BA)酯化的适宜工艺条件为:原料量比n(DEG)∶n(BA)=1∶2,带水剂占苯甲酸质量分数为20%,催化剂占苯甲酸质量分数为1.5%,反应温度200℃,反应时间6 h。催化剂可循环使用3次,具有较好的稳定性。     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化对羟基苯甲酸酯合成的研究

本文研究了制备壳聚糖硫酸盐催化剂的相关影响因素,考察壳聚糖硫酸盐催化活性和稳定性,并用其催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯。重点讨论催化剂用量,酸醇量比和反应时间对酯化率的影响,确定了较佳的反应条件。     

对叔丁基苯甲酸甲酯的硫酸钛催化反应研究

采用硫酸钛作催化剂,以对叔丁基苯甲酸和甲醇为原料直接酯化,对对叔丁基苯甲酸甲酯的合成工艺进行了研究,着重考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、醇酸摩尔比、带水剂用量等因素对反应收率的影响,并优化反应条件。当甲醇与对叔丁基苯甲酸的摩尔比为8∶1时,在催化剂硫酸钛(用量为对叔丁基苯甲酸的20%)作用下,加入带水剂苯12 mL,于回流温度下反应6h,产品收率可达86.6%。     

新型复合增塑剂新戊二醇混合酯的合成工艺研究

采用单因素试验法,以苯甲酸、异辛酸和新戊二醇为原料、甲苯为带水剂,直接酯化合成新戊二醇混合酯,分别考察了酯化温度、酯化时间、原料摩尔配比、催化剂、带水剂等因素对酯化反应的影响,最终确定了较佳工艺条件.该方法合成新戊二醇混合酯的较佳工艺条件是:酯化温度235℃,酯化时间6h,新戊二醇与异辛酸、苯甲酸的摩尔比为2.2,催化剂用量为0.2%,带水剂用量为6%.     

尼泊金乙酯合成的研究

本文研究了以H_2SO_4为催化剂,无水ZnCl_2为脱水剂,用对羟基苯甲酸和乙醇进行酯化反应合成尼泊金乙酯。讨论了酯化过程中,催化剂用量,反应物配比对尼泊金酯收率的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that