"靖共尔位"之"靖"、"共"释义小考

王力<古代汉语>第二册选录的<荀子·劝学>篇中对"诗曰:'嗟而君子,无恒安息,靖共尔位,好是正直.神之听之,介而景福'"这段话中"靖"、"共"二字的释义有些不妥.在先秦典籍中,各家分别将"靖"字释为"安"、"治"、"谋"、"安谋",或作"静";对"共"字,有的释为"具",有的释为"恭",认为是通假字,也有的认为"共"与"恭"是异体字,等等,各家分歧较多.鉴于以上情况,我们在对两字进行考证后认为,将"靖"字释为"安也",将"共"释为通"恭"是较为合理的.     

"文心雕龙"释义

"文心"是"为文之用心","为文之用心"何?要"心哉美矣",它是对创作主体的道德修养与境界的首要的要求,是"形而上"的"道"的问题,因此放在书名之首;"雕龙"是对创作主体的创作方法技巧(包括辞采的运用)的要求,是"形而下"的"器"与"技"的问题,因此放在书名之后。也就是说,"文心"与"雕龙"都是就创作主体而言的,都是对创作主体的要求。从内涵上来说,"文心"与"雕龙"是一重一轻一先一后又密不可分的从属关系。     

古代官吏中的"史"与"使"

在我国古代历史中,"史官"和"使官"占有举足轻重的地位。主要是从文字学的角度分别对"史""使"二字的本义做一介绍,从而发现"史官"与"使官"命名之由来。另外,还从文化史角度对这两种官职中的主要称谓进行了阐述与辨析。     

试析"偏"与"偏偏"

对语气副词"偏"、"偏偏"从句法、语义、语用三个角度进行考察,揭示二者的相同点和不同点,以便全面、准确地把握二者的用法.     

说"情趣"

我国古代文论对"情趣"的标树较晚,明清时期出现将"情"与"趣"纳入到诗歌审美质性要素系统或创作主体要素系统中的立论.但实际上,早从唐代开始,不少文论家就已经将"情趣"视为了"趣"的审美表现形态之一,对"情"与"趣"相互间的关系予以了多方面的考察.我国古代曾出现过很多"趣"的称名,其中,不少都可归入"情趣"这一审美形态中.     

"数字福建"与家庭"数字化"

1998年,美国副总统戈尔发表题为"数字地球--21世纪对我们星球的理解"演讲报告,提出"数字地球"概念,在许多发达国家中引起了很大反响,相继提出"数字地球"、"数字国家"、"数字城市"的实施构想,美国已经开始"数字城市"的建设.我国国家领导人对此问题极为重视,把"数字中国计划"作为国家战略计划提到日程上.我省提出实施"数字福建"的有关问题,这对将来实施"数字福建"的计划是具有前瞻性的,意义深远.     

让"重中之重"真正"重"起来

"三农"问题已引起中央的高度重视,并坚定地把解决"三农"问题放在全党工作"重中之重"的战略地位.为此中央采取了一系列重大举措,充分体现了对农民多予、少取、放活的方针.当前重要的是坚定不移把中央的这些战略、方针、措施逐级落实,务求实效,要防止和克服"头重脚轻"、"口重手轻"和"肢端梗阻"的现象.     

科学评价"儒商"及其"诚信"

"儒商"实指有文化教养的学者化的商人,而非指单靠儒家伦理经营的商人。它是明代中期以来,市镇商品经济发展,消费主义思潮兴起,士大夫迫于生存的产物。"儒商"的"诚信"商业伦理,有助于降低交易成本,具有相当的历史进步性;但它也存在过重主观承诺、忽视契约法制的致命弱点。对"儒商"及其"诚信"的研究,应避免道德理想主义和道德决定论倾向。     

"尧舜禹汤文武之道"与墨子的"尚贤"思想

墨子的"尚贤"思想源于对"尧舜禹汤文武之道"的生发、经过缜密的归纳演绎,形成一个完整的理论体系."尚贤"就是"尊尚贤任使能".尚贤使能是为政之本,尚贤使能必须打破原有的尊卑贵贱界限,且对贤能者"富之、贵之、敬之、誉之".墨子的"尚贤"思想在今天仍有极为重要的现实意义.     

"落英"是"下垂的花儿"吗?

对<离骚>"落英"之"落"字的理解历来不一,训"始"训"落",各执一词.今又有人提出"下垂"一义,笔者难以苟同,主要从文献角度论证"落"当解释为"凋落".     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that