地震和降雨条件下黄土高填方边坡稳定性分析

针对地震和降雨会影响黄土高填方边坡稳定性的问题,采用地震动力计算、完全流固耦合计算和强度折减计算,对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡进行分析,并对边坡土体位移时程、加速度功率频谱、吸力、有效应力和最小安全性系数进行分析,研究地震和降雨入渗条件对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明：地震作用对黄土高填方边坡表层土体作用大于填方基底土体作用;降雨入渗对边坡土体的影响范围为表层土体和浅层土体;降雨入渗使得边坡表层土体的吸力和有效应力减小,而使浅层土体局部吸力增大;降雨过程中边坡表层土体有效应力减小,浅层土体有效应力先增加后逐渐减小;地震后降雨入渗引起边坡最危险滑移面区域发生改变,降雨速率和降雨持续时间均对最小安全性系数有影响,降雨结束后边坡最小安全性系数降低.该研究为三维条件下地震和降雨入渗对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡稳定性研究提供参考.     

降雨入渗对土质边坡稳定性的影响分析

降雨往往是诱发土质边坡失稳的主要因素之一,雨水渗入土体,引起作用在土体上的动水荷载和静水荷载增大和土体抗剪强度降低,导致边坡产生滑动破坏。探讨了边坡降雨入渗模式、饱和—非饱和土渗流模式及饱和—非饱和土强度理论对土质边坡稳定性的影响。     

降雨入渗对三维刚架桩边坡渗流稳定性的影响

开展降雨入渗对三维刚架桩边坡渗流稳定性影响的数值分析研究,考虑长时小雨及短时强降雨,从土体位移、坡体孔压及边坡稳定性演变角度,重点讨论降雨入渗条件下刚架桩边坡的合理桩间距,以期为雨水充沛的福建山区刚架桩边坡设计提供参考。结果表明：三维刚架桩边坡土体位移受降雨条件影响显著,随着降雨强度和持续时间的增加,土体水平位移和竖向位移依次增加;降雨条件下三维刚架桩边坡坡体内孔隙水压力分布具有明显的时空效应,短时强降雨条件下,坡顶孔压增幅最大,降雨强度的持续增加导致刚架桩边坡安全系数降幅也增大;桩间距对刚架桩边坡的渗流稳定性有显著影响,无降雨时边坡的安全系数随桩间距增大而减小;基于研究区降雨特点及暴雨频次呈现逐年递增现象,应将桩间距设为3倍桩宽,以充分发挥短时大雨情况下刚架桩的抗滑效果。     

降雨入渗对粗粒土路堤变形与稳定性的影响

针对土石混填粗粒土路堤,分析其降雨入渗机理,得到固定颗粒粒径时的总吸力随饱和度衰减规律,对比降雨入渗深度计算公式.根据饱和土强度折减规律,采用强度折减简要模拟降雨入渗效果,并结合工程实践建立数值模型,对降雨入渗作用下粗粒土路堤变形及稳定性进行计算分析.工程实例计算结果表明:降雨入渗对路堤变形影响明显,随着入渗深度增加,路堤附加沉降增大,当单次入渗深度为2 m时,附加沉降可达1.30 cm;降雨入渗对粗粒土路堤稳定性也有明显影响,入渗作用扩大路堤塑性区范围,降低路堤稳定性.     

降雨渗流场分布下边坡稳定性影响因素的探究与分析

针对降雨入渗条件下的边坡稳定性问题,采用非饱和土理论进行了降雨入渗过程的数值计算研究,围绕降雨强度、渗透系数对边坡稳定性的影响进行了4个算例的计算与分析.利用Geo-Studio软件进行了数值模拟,主要研究结论为：(1)土体的基质吸力有利于边坡的稳定,忽略基质吸力得到的结果会严重偏小;(2)降雨强度对低渗透性模型的影响不明显,对于高渗透性模型的影响较大;(3)坡角处以及坡顶处会出现应力集中,且土体在该位置处的强度较低.上述研究能够为实际工程中边坡的防治提供一定的技术支持.     

降雨条件下粗粒土高路堤边坡暂态饱和区形成条件及影响因素

为了分析降雨条件下暂态饱和区形成条件和影响因素,首先建立粗粒土高路堤边坡一维数值计算模型,探讨粗粒土高路堤边坡暂态饱和区的形成条件;通过建立二维数值计算模型,分析降雨强度、降雨时间、渗透系数以及初始表面基质吸力等因素对暂态饱和区形成的影响。研究结果表明:暂态饱和区的形成过程受降雨时间以及降雨强度共同控制,当雨水在边坡表层的入渗流速大于其土体内部出渗流速时,土体体积含水率升高,边坡出现暂态饱和区;在降雨过程中,边坡表层土体中水的流速最终达到与降雨强度基本一致(流速与降雨强度量纲相同),边坡表层土体的体积含水率与降雨强度有关;在降雨过程中,粗粒土高边坡坡脚位置的体积含水率增大最快,该处暂态饱和区出现时间最早,范围最广;降雨强度、初始表面基质吸力对暂态饱和区的形成时间以及深度影响较大,渗透系数的影响较小;在降雨强度相同时,初始表面基质吸力越大,雨水入渗的深度越大,暂态饱和区的范围越广。     

降雨条件下拓宽路堤稳定性数值分析

基于非饱和渗流理论,在有限差分软件FLAC3D渗流模块的基础上,采用内置FISH语言自编程序实现了降雨条件下拓宽路堤上饱和-非饱和渗流过程的模拟,进而分析了降雨入渗对拓宽路堤孔隙水压力和饱和度的影响,以及土工格栅加筋和填料渗透系数对降雨条件下拓宽路堤稳定性的影响.研究结果表明:降雨初期路堤土体基质吸力迅速降低,边坡最先达到饱和状态,形成暂态饱和区;考虑降雨入渗影响时,拓宽路堤安全系数明显减小,土工格栅加筋可有效减小降雨入渗对拓宽路堤稳定性的影响;新路堤填料渗透系数对降雨条件下拓宽路堤稳定性的影响较大,实际工程中应保证路堤填土的压实度并采取边坡防护措施以减小雨水入渗的影响.     

降雨自由入渗阶段试验研究及其过程的水势描述

研究降雨自由入渗阶段土体内的水势变化规律具有重要的工程意义。讨论了现有的入渗模型及降雨非饱和渗流计算方法。认为其不能满足工程渗透稳定性分析的需要,且不符合实际的降雨物理过程。设计了室内降雨自由入渗负压测试试验,结果显示:土体负压在入渗阶段的变化规律符合Boltzmann函数曲线,降雨强度越大负压值变化越快。结合土壤水能态理论,分析了自由入渗阶段土体内水势的变化和分布规律,并指出非饱和渗透系数随着降雨强度的增大而增大。该研究为低降雨强度条件下岩土工程的渗透稳定性问题的分析提供了参考依据。     

滑坡触发因素及其影响的原位试验

在相同地质条件下,采用人工降雨模拟试验和机械开挖模拟原位试验,研究滑坡触发因素及其对滑坡的影响.研究结果表明:堆积层边坡在降雨入渗影响下多为浅层松弛型破坏,降雨入渗造成土体中孔隙水压力增加,致使边坡土体的抗剪强度由于有效应力减少及土体吸水软化而降低;堆积层边坡在切坡开挖影响下多为浅层牵引式破坏,变形形态为从坡面到坡面以下逐渐减小的松弛形变形;降雨和入渗双重效应可能是降雨诱发堆积层边坡失稳的主要原因之一,在强降雨影响下,易发生滑塌事故.该研究结果可为滑坡的时间、空间和强度预报提供理论依据.     

不同降雨条件下裂隙性土质边坡渗流特性分析

降雨入渗条件下裂隙性土质边坡稳定性与降雨强度及降雨类型密切相关.为探究不同降雨强度及不同降雨类型对裂隙性土质边坡降雨入渗过程的影响,运用Geo-studio有限元分析软件中的Seep/w模块,研究了不同裂隙深度及孔隙比的裂隙性土质边坡在小雨、中雨及大雨情况下分别经历前锋型、平均型、中锋型及后锋型4种不同降雨类型的渗透特性,得到了裂隙面的孔压与体积含水量变化规律,结果表明:存在临界渗透比ε′,渗透比大于ε′,体积含水率及孔压随埋深增大而增大,反之,随埋深增大而减小.渗透比大于临界渗透比,不同雨强及雨型条件下土体体积含水率及孔压随埋深变化均呈反S型,拐点深度由裂隙深度决定.不同降雨类型使某一时段内土体体积含水量及孔压在数值上产生差异.不同降雨强度决定裂隙边坡土体渗流过程的控制因素,降雨强度大于土体入渗强度时,降雨入渗由土体渗透系数控制,降雨强度足够大时,不同渗透比下的裂隙土体体积含水率变化趋势将会相同.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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