日本林蛙早期胚胎发育的研究

观察了日本林蛙在不同温度条件下的早期胚胎发育情况,根据胚胎外形变化和主要生理特征的出现以及行为,从受精卵到左侧鳃孔封闭、出水孔形成的全过程,划分为24个时期,本文是对日本林蛙胚期划分和各期特征的记述,并同中国林蛙、黑龙江林蛙等的早期胚胎发育进行了比较,它们在胚胎特征上的区别可以作为鉴别种的依据之一。     

中国林蛙胚胎后期发育观察

首次对中国林蛙在华南地区的胚胎后期发育进行观察研究.结果表明:华南地区的环境条件基本适合中国林蛙的胚胎后期发育,较高的温度加快了中国林蛙的胚胎发育进程,但对其生长无明显影响.     

卫河水对中国林蛙早期胚胎发育的影响

以中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)不同发育期的胚胎为研究对象,探讨不同浓度卫河水对中国林蛙早期胚胎发育的毒性.结果表明:中国林蛙胚胎在卫河水原水中不能发育存活;56%浓度的卫河水可使胚胎畸形率和死亡率显著升高;低浓度(10%、18%、32%)的卫河水能明显抑制胚胎全长和体重的增加,对胚胎发育过程中畸形率和死亡率影响不大.在研究污染物尤其是低浓度的污染物对中国林蛙胚胎发育毒性时,生长抑制参数是比致死率和畸形率更为敏感的终点参数.卫河水污染严重,存在潜在的致畸变物质,应加速卫河治理.     

辽宁产中国林蛙早期胚胎发育研究

在恒温条件下，观察了辽宁产中国林蛙的正常胚胎发育。根据基外形变化和胚胎主要特征的出现以及胚胎的行为，将其胚胎发育划分为２５个期。从卵子受精开始至蝌蚪的鳃盖闭合，出水孔形成止。１８℃时共历时１５１．５６ｈ。     

日本林蛙的器官发育：呼吸,循环,尿殖系统和感觉器官的发育

通过对日本林蛙早期胚胎发育的观察和出膜至变态蝌蚪、幼蛙及成体的系统解剖,对呼吸,循环、泌尿、生殖系统和感觉器官的发生,发展与变化过程进行了描述和讨论.     

Cu2+和Cr6+对中国林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性

采用中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)出膜后一周的蝌蚪为实验对象,研究了Cu2 和Cr6 对中国林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性.实验结果表明,在水温22℃～24℃条件下,Cu2 对中国林蛙蝌蚪24 h,48 h,72 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.131,0.105,0.038 mg/ L;Cu2 对蝌蚪的安全浓度为0.02 mg/ L.Cr6 对中国林蛙蝌蚪24 h,48 h,72 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为4.16,4.48,4.57 mg/ L;Cr6 对蝌蚪的安全浓度为1.55 mg/ L.同时讨论了中国林蛙与其他两栖类蝌蚪相比对Cu2 和Cr6 耐受性的差异.     

花背蟾蜍(Bufo naddei Strauch)的早期胚胎发育及分期

花背蟾蜍 Bufo raddei Strauch 是兰州地区一种常见的、数量较多的无尾两栖类.本文详细研究了20℃条件下它的正常胚胎发育分期及其外部形态变化.根据胚胎的形态特征,花背蟾蜍的早期胚胎发育可以分成25个时期.从人工授精开始到蝌蚪的鳃盖封闭为止,共需185.1小时,比黑斑蛙 Rana nigromaculata 和中华大蟾蜍 Bufo bufo gargarizans 要快.花背蟾蜍发育过程的形态特征和其它无尾两栖类相似.但在某些方面有所不同.本文对它们的早期发育进行了分析和比较.     

中国林蛙南移养殖雌性诱变技术研究

当前中国林蛙的全人工养殖已经在我国各地兴起,中国林蛙南移养殖技术已取得重大突破,但性别比例失调问题严重,雌蛙和雄蛙的比例只有3:7,严重影响养殖效益,制约养蛙业的发展.为调整林蛙性别比例,分别在实验室内和浙江省新昌县新益生物科技有限公司中国林蛙养殖中心采用控温及在蝌蚪饵料中添加性激素双重调控方法,诱导性腺分化,达到了调整林蛙性别的目的,并对激素诱导的合适浓度和最佳时期进行了研究,使中国林蛙雌雄比例达到7:3.为促进中国林蛙南移养殖的发展提供了切实可行的雌性诱变技术.     

睾酮与雄激素受体在中国林蛙精巢中的免疫细胞化学定位

用免疫细胞化学方法检测了睾酮(T)和雄激素受体(AR)在中国林蛙生精周期中不同时期精巢内的表达定位.结果显示:在中国林蛙生精周期的Ⅰ～Ⅴ期,T和AR在精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞、精子、支持细胞和间质细胞内均有分布.在不同时期的精巢中,T和AR在生精细胞的定位具有一致性.在Ⅱ期,精子细胞内T阳性反应和AR阳性表达最强.在生精周期的Ⅰ～Ⅴ期,支持细胞内T的阳性反应强度无明显变化.在Ⅴ期,支持细胞内AR的阳性表达强度显著高于其他各期,而间质细胞内AR的阳性表达最弱.结果表明,T在中国林蛙精巢内细胞的分化和发育过程中的作用具有高度可变性,T调控中国林蛙精巢的功能和发育.     

美国青蛙在引种条件下的胚胎发育研究

本文报道了美国青蛙(又名猪蛙)在引种条件下胚胎发育的观察结果,依据胚胎在发育计程中的形态变化规律书胚胎发育过程分成26个时期.同时还报道了温度对发育速率的影响,在19℃条件下的胚胎发育历期是29℃条件下的发育历期的两倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.