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1.
 为了探讨珠江流域西江、北江河流溶解无机碳(DIC)及其稳定同位素组成(δ13CDIC)特征,分别于2007年春季和夏季对流域低水期、高水期的西、北江及思贤滘河道DIC及其稳定同位素组成进行了实测调查。结合实测河道水体理化参数,采用碳的稳定同位素示踪技术和多参数相关分析法,对西、北江流域及其滘口的河流DIC组成、性质及其碳源汇机制进行了分析。结果表明,西、北江的河流DIC的组成、性质都有明显的差异且存在显著的季节变化。春季,西、北江的河道DIC浓度及其δ13CDIC分别为1 942 μmol/L、1 637 μmol/L和-11.75‰、-12.44 ‰;而夏季,西、北江的河道DIC浓度及其δ13CDIC分别为1 986 μmol/L、1 383 μmol/L和-13.03‰、-12.77‰。河道DIC浓度及其δ13CDIC的这种差异反映出西、北江流域结构特性对DIC侵蚀、输移的显著影响。夏季汛期,流域的高温多雨环境致使大量有机质汇入河道、强烈分解、释放大量轻碳,使得西、北江河道δ13CDIC都低于春季;由于汛期高温和径流的共同作用使得北江DIC远远小于春季,而西江DIC却略高于春季。思贤滘水道的DIC浓度及其δ13CDIC受西、北江来水的控制发生季节变化。  相似文献   

2.
To determine the impact of damming on the geochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Wujiang River basin, field measurements and samples were collected semimonthly for a year. The surface waters of the reservoirs contained concentrations of chlo- rophyll a up to 5.6 times higher than the upstream river. Compared with the entering waters, the contributions of HCO3- and dissolved CO2 to DIC decreased, and the contribution of CO32- to DIC and the carbon isotopic composition of DIC (δ13CDIc) increased in the surface waters of the reservoirs, while in the waters released, the DIC species showed reverse geochemical behaviors. The δ13CDIc ranged from -10.2 %o to 2.5 %0, indicating that significant contributions were from carbonate weathering, photosynthesis, and respiration. After the damming of a river, the bioactivity of phytoplankton was enhanced, and this affected the geochemistry of DIC compared to an unimpacted river and δ13CDIC can be used to discern these changes. High-frequency monitoring of river-reservoir systems is necessary to evaluate the efflux of CO2 and provide a better understanding of the carbon sinks and sources in the impounded river.  相似文献   

3.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《科学通报(英文版)》1989,34(12):1027-1027
  相似文献   

4.
多组分气体离心分离级联的解析优化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为降低级联的建设和运行成本,使设计总流量较小,提出了一种多组分分离级联的一维解析优化方法。应用匹配丰度级联理论的基本原理,计算了不同关键相对分子质量下的级联,分析了级联参数的变化。在匹配丰度级联中,关键相对分子质量是两个关键组分相对分子质量的平均值。得到一种通过调整关键相对分子质量和级联的级数以得到总流量较小级联的解析计算方法。用这种方法,设计了一个分离28S i的级联,并将此结果和文献中的结果进行了比较。该方法得到的级联总流量接近最小值,计算量很小,可以用于多组分分离的优化设计。  相似文献   

5.
    
The calcifying phytoplankton species,coccolithophores,have their calcified coccoliths around the cells,however,their physio-logical roles are still unknown.Here,we hypothesized that the coccoliths may play a certain role in reducing solar UV radiation(UVR,280-400 nm) and protect the cells from being harmed.Cells of Emiliania huxleyi with different thicknesses of the cocco-liths were obtained by culturing them at different levels of dissolved inorganic carbon and their photophysiological responses to UVR wer...  相似文献   

6.
5ka B.P.鄱阳湖地区古气候演化的有机碳稳定同位素记录   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据鄱阳湖沉积岩芯ZK01有机碳同位素以及沉积特征等环境指标的综合分析,并同鄱阳湖湖口地区孢粉组合特征相结合,重建鄱阳湖地区5kaB.P.以来的古气候演变。结果表明:5.0-4.2kaB.P.,气候以暖湿为主;4.2-3.9kaB.P.。以冷湿为主;3.9-3.2kaB.P.,气候转温和,以温偏干气候为主;3.2-3.0kaB.P.,气候凉偏干;3.0-2.8kaB.P.暖偏干气候为主;2.8-2.2kaB.P.,以凉偏湿为主;2.2-1.2kaB.P.,较长时期的温暖湿润气候;1.2-0.2kaB.P.,对应的冷湿气候特征;0.2kaB.P.到现在,气候又开始变得越来越温暖,可能是人类活动的影响所致。  相似文献   

7.
玛湖凹陷风城组是目前中国已知最古老的碱湖沉积,发育优质湖相烃源岩.来自风城组的烃源岩作为准噶尔盆地油气生成的物质基础发挥了至关重要的作用.为了解该套烃源岩的生烃演化特征,应用WYMN-3型高温高压半封闭模拟实验平台对采自玛湖凹陷玛页1井风城组的烃源岩样品进行生烃模拟实验,获取生油、生气及其气体碳同位素参数,分析其生烃演化过程.结果表明:风城组风二段(P1f2)泥岩在受热演化过程中以生油为主,生气为辅.在350 ℃时为排出油、残留油产率的高峰,分别为325.35、239.45 mg/gTOC,在高温阶段(400~500℃)仍然存在生油潜力.气态烃在375℃以后开始逐渐产出,烃类气体的来源主要为油的二次裂解.烃类气体的碳同位素序列未出现倒转现象.但在低温阶段出现了翻转现象,350℃为转折点,也是生油高峰的温度点.根据烃类产率特征、气态烃碳同位素组成以及烃类气体异构比特征可将风城组烃源岩的演化生烃过程划分为4个阶段,即干酪根最初裂解→干酪根裂解→油裂解→油气裂解.  相似文献   

8.
浅水型水库活性区沉积物氮磷释放特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了了解浅型水库活性反应区底泥中氮磷的释放特征,对某小型水库活性区0~30 cm沉积物柱芯分层进行氮、磷快速释放试验研究。研究结果表明:在厌氧条件下,可溶性无机磷(PO;4;-P)的释放速率显著比好氧状态下的高,最大释放速率为75.52 g/(h∙g);在不同沉积深度的垂直剖面上,PO ;4;-P释放量由大至小依次为中层(ML,14~16 cm)、表层(SL,0~2 cm)和底层(BL,28~30 cm),较高的水温环境可促进可溶性磷释放;水库沉积物聚集了大量NH;4;-N;在好氧条件下,沉积物释放的NH;4;-N质量浓度逐渐降低,同时伴随着NO;3;-N质量浓度大幅度增加;在厌氧条件下,NO;3;-N和NO;2;-N质量浓度无明显变化;不同沉积深度底泥层硝化作用存在显著差异,表层沉积底泥NO;3;-N转化速度最大;可通过曝气措施削减水库水中氮磷含量,抑制藻类过度繁殖,进而改善水库水环境质量和出水水质。  相似文献   

9.
贵州二叠纪海相碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素地球化学演化规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以贵州罗甸二叠纪剖面为研究对象,详细讨论了海相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成特点,及影响碳酸盐岩的δ13C和δ18O的主要因素。在此基础上系统阐述了整个二叠纪海相碳酸盐岩的δ13C和δ18O的演化与海平面升降的关系,第一次系统建立了二叠纪古海洋碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素演化曲线。  相似文献   

10.
根据油气藏地球化学方法,对吉拉克三叠系凝析气藏的成藏进行了研究。天然气组成和凝析油轻烃研究表明吉拉克三叠系凝析气藏的天然气和凝析油都为腐泥型来源,凝析气藏为气侵形成的凝析气藏;储层沥青研究表明烃源岩不仅仅只有中上奥陶系烃源岩,还有寒武系烃源岩。结合工区构造发展史等基础资料,认为吉拉克三叠系油气藏经历了三期油气聚集和一次破坏,凝析气藏最终由于喜山期地层反转,天然气发生再分配而形成。  相似文献   

11.
为揭示富含磷酸盐■的河口碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AP)与磷循环的关系,测定了九龙江口水体中溶解态碱性磷酸酶活性(dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity, DAPA)、颗粒态碱性磷酸酶活性(particulate alkaline phosphatase activity, PAPA)和总碱性磷酸酶活性(total alkaline phosphatase activity, TAPA),分析了各碱性磷酸酶活性的时空分布特征及其与环境因子、磷营养水平的相关性。结果表明,九龙江口TAPA空间差异显著,河口上游显著高于河口下游,表层略高于底层;TAPA季节变化较为明显,秋季TAPA介于85.5~876.5 nmol/(L·h),冬季介于7.5~639.8 nmol/(L·h);秋季AP主要以颗粒态存在,PAPA对TAPA的平均贡献率为(84.9±9.5)%,而冬季PAPA和DAPA对TAPA的贡献率分别为(54.1±26.4)%和(45.9±26.4)%,差别不大。统计分析表明,DAPA与溶解态有机磷(dissolved organic phosphorus, DOP)浓度呈现极显著的正相关,与盐度呈现极显著的负相关,说明溶解态AP主要由DOP诱导而产生,并受河-海水混合影响;PAPA与悬浮颗粒物(suspended particulate matter, SPM)浓度呈现极显著正相关,与叶绿素a(Chl-a)相关不显著,说明附着在颗粒物上的细菌可能是颗粒态AP的主要来源。上述结果说明,有机磷的微生物矿化作用可能是富磷河口溶解态无机磷(dissolved inorganic phosphorus, DIP)的重要来源。  相似文献   

12.
为提高东北农田农民习惯施肥田条件下化肥的利用效率,并为东北农田土壤合理施肥提供参考依据,本文通过采集东北三省农民习惯施肥条件下春玉米种植区0—30 cm、30—60 cm、60—90 cm剖面土壤,分别测定了土壤全碳(TC)、有机碳(SOC)、无机碳(IC)、微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)。结果表明0—30 cm、30—60 cm土壤剖面各活性碳库变化较为明显,且黑龙江、吉林、辽宁TC、SOC、SMBC随着纬度的升高而降低。在0—30 cm土壤剖面各省TC、SOC、SMBC含量均值达显著性差异(P<0.05),吉林、辽宁SIC含量平均值显著低于黑龙江。而POC、DOC以及60—90 cm土壤剖面各活性碳库之间的增减规律并不完全一致。可见,东北三省农民习惯施肥条件下浅层土壤剖面碳库的变化较为明显,而深层土壤剖面规律不明显。  相似文献   

13.
根据油气藏地球化学方法,对吉拉克三叠系凝析气藏的成藏进行了研究。天然气组成和凝析油轻烃研究表明吉拉克三叠系凝析气藏的天然气和凝析油都为腐泥型来源,凝析气藏为气侵形成的凝析气藏;储层沥青研究表明烃源岩不仅仅只有中上奥陶系烃源岩,还有寒武系烃源岩。结合工区构造发展史等基础资料,认为吉拉克三叠系油气藏经历了三期油气聚集和一次破坏,凝析气藏最终由于喜山期地层反转,天然气发生再分配而形成。  相似文献   

14.
    
The growth and activity of photosynthetic CO2 uptake and extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CAext) of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum were investigated while cultured at different levels of CO2 in order to see its physio-logical response to different CO2 concentrations under either a low (30 靘ol·m-2·s-1) or high (210 靘ol·m-2·s-1) irradiance. The changes in CO2 concentrations (4—31 靘ol/L) affected the growth and net photosynthesis to a greater extent under the low than under the high light re-gime. CAext was detected in the cells grown at 4 mol/L CO2 but not at 31 and 12 靘ol/L CO2, with its activity being about 2.5-fold higher at the high than at the low irradiance. Photo- synthetic CO2 affinity (1/ K1/2(CO2)) of the cells de-creased with increased CO2 concentrations in culture. The cells cultured under the high-light show significantly higher photosynthetic CO2 affinity than those grown at the low-light level. It is concluded that the regulations of CAext activity and photosynthetic CO2 affinity are dependent not only on CO2 concentration but also on light availability, and that the de-velopment of higher CAext activity and CO2 affinity under higher light level could sufficiently support the photosyn-thetic demand for CO2 even at low level of CO2.  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The locations, magnitudes, variations and mechanisms responsible for the global CO2 sink are uncertain and under debate. Here, we show, based on theoretical calculations and evidences from field monitoring results, that there is a possible important CO2 sink (as DIC-dissolved inorganic carbon) by the global water cycle. The sink constitutes up to 0.8013 Pg C/a (or 10.1% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emission, or 28.6% of the missing CO2 sink), and is formed by the CO2 absorption of water and subsequent enhanced consumption by carbonate dissolution and aquatic plant photosynthesis. Of the sink, 0.5188 Pg C/a goes to sea via precipitation over sea (0.2748 Pg C/a) and continental rivers (0.244 Pg C/a), 0.158 Pg C/a is released to the atmosphere again, and 0.1245 Pg C/a is stored in the continental aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the net sink could be 0.6433 Pg C/a. This sink may increase with the global-warming-intensified global water cycle, the increase in CO2 and carbonate dust in atmosphere, and reforestation/afforestation, the latter increasing soil CO2, and thus the concentration of the DIC in water.  相似文献   

16.
综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料,并结合研究区的区域特征,对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究.结果表明,在黄土高原西缘,有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3/C4植物比例改变,指示温度变化.δ^13Corg值偏正时,表明C4植物含量较大,反映温度较高.有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低,在11.5kaBP,13.9kaBP存在两次明显的降温;进人全新世以后,兰州气候开始逐渐变暖,但仍存在8.8kaBP、5.0kaBP和3.2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8.0kaBP、6.8kaBP和5.3kaBP的降温事件,说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性.  相似文献   

17.
通过对萨拉乌苏河流域酒坊台剖面中普遍发育的钙结核进行碳、氧同位素分析,结果显示各岩性组中同位素分布特征差异较大,无明显线性关系。利用钙结核中碳同位素值推算了不同岩性组中C_3和C_4植物的相对贡献量,结合孢粉数据,探讨了不同气候条件下植被演变情况,这与邻区的黄土高原研究成果基本吻合。同时,利用氧同位素和温度的经验公式,定量恢复了倒数第二次冰期-末次冰期的温度变化,其中末次间冰期表现为相对温暖的气候特征。总之,利用钙结核的碳氧同位素可作为定量恢复古温度、古植被的一种有效方式,但需要注意与其他指标进行综合对比分析。  相似文献   

18.
为了得到离心级联流体状态变化时同位素丰度分布情况,建立了丰度变化下的动态数学模型,与水力学数值模拟进行耦合,利用Q迭代算法求解了动态丰度方程。Xe分离数值模拟结果表明,该模型和算法可以有效求解离心级联动态丰度分布。在扰动幅度和持续时间都相同的情况下,丰度的变化与该组分在同位素中的位置、距离扰动级的位置、机器滞留量以及稳态下丰度的分布情况都密切相关。研究结果可供实际同位素生产中参数分析和调整时参考。  相似文献   

19.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
With the guidance of petroleum system theory, the dynamic filling history of natural gas in the Kela-2 gas field is analyzed by using a large suite of oil and gas geo- chemistry evidence in combination with the tectonic evolu- tion history and reservoir evolution history. It concludes that the Kela-2 gas field was formed by capturing the gas gener- ated during the main gas generation period, while the late kerogen cracking gas contributed a little to the gas field. It suggests that the gas generated during the main gas genera- tion accumulated in the early-formed wide-gentle anticline, which is the necessary condition for natural gas to re-migrate and enrich late to form the large-scale gas reservoir. The newest research shows that the filling history of gas in the Dabei-1, Yinan-2, Tuziluoke and Dina-2 gas fields was re- lated with the natural gas accumulation in the early wide- gentle anticline as well as late re-migration and enrichment of natural gas.  相似文献   

20.
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