具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

注天然气提高采收率应用现状

 介绍了注天然气（烃类气）提高采收率的研究进展。论述了美国、加拿大、苏联注天然气提高采收率的应用规模,介绍了其他国家的典型项目。以大庆油田、长庆油田等天然气驱项目为例,分析了国内天然气驱发展缓慢的原因。探讨了天然气驱项目的油藏条件、井网井距、注入时机、注入方式等。分析了国内外天然气驱项目实施中遇到的混相压力高、沥青质沉淀、形成天然气水合物、过早气窜等问题及相应解决办法。阐述了天然气驱提高采收率技术的应用前景。     

基于Workbench的流固耦合作用下三通管振动特性分析

使用ANSYS Workbench软件,对流固耦合作用下的三通管振动特性进行分析。首先应用Solidworks和ANSYS Workbench对结构进行几何建模,再利用CFX模块对流场进行计算,将得出的结果以荷载的形式导入Workbench进行流固耦合状态下的模态分析。计算研究三通管在双进单出和单进双出情况下的入水口流速、入水口压强和管壁厚度对固有频率的影响。结果表明,双进单出三通管的固有频率比单进双出三通管的固有频率略大,两种不同流体流动方式三通管的前六阶振型都主要是整体梁变形;管道的固有频率会随着入水口压强和流速的增加而增加;随着壁厚的增加,前三阶固有频率有所降低,第4～6阶固有频率则先升后降;在入水口压强、入水口流速和壁厚等条件相同的情况下,双进单出三通管的固有频率比单进双出三通管的固有频率略大。     

中国贫困地区自然资源的开发利用途径

我国贫困地区的自然资源十分丰富，但是自然条件方面的不利因素也不少．由于生产力水平的低下，贫困地区丰富的自然资源得不到合理的开发和利用，而不利的自然条件却得以充分地表现，从而加剧了社会经济的落后程度．本文对我国贫困地区的自然资源和自然条件进行了全面分析，进而提出了贫困地区合理开发利用自然资源的主要措施和途径．     

天然气汽车的动力性能与排放性能研究

研究了天然气汽车的动力性能与排放性能，对改装的492QC天然气发动机和原发动机（燃用汽油）的扭矩、功率等进行了测量．实验结果表明：当由燃烧汽油变换为燃烧天然气时，发动机的扭矩、功率下降非常大；增大点火提前角可使发动机的动力性能得到改善，但发动机NOx，总碳氢THC，CO及CO2的排放污染明显减少．     

吉林省大豆害虫天敌--蜘蛛的种类及分布

2000年6月～2000年9月间,作者对吉林省范围内大豆害虫的天敌蜘蛛进行了初步的调查研究,野外所采标本经过鉴定整理得知它们隶属于12科,37种.文中对这些天敌蜘蛛的分布及捕食害虫的种类进行了描述.     

陕西省自然灾害脆弱性研究

利用2009-2015年陕西省自然灾害灾情数据,结合数理统计分析方法,对该区域自然灾害进行时空特征分析,并对其灾害脆弱性进行研究。结果表明, 受灾人口、农作物受灾面积是研究区域自然灾害脆弱性的直接表现形式,灾害造成的直接经济损失是自然灾害脆弱性的间接表现形式。陕西省自然灾害脆弱性具有明显的时空分布差异性,自然灾害脆弱性较高的地区主要分布在东部,而中部的西安、铜川市是自然灾害脆弱性较低地区。该研究为防灾减灾、预报预警部门提供了决策依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区天然气地球化学特征及其成因

在对鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区奥陶系天然气地球化学特征研究的基础上,将其组分、烷烃气碳同位素、氦同位素、氩同位素等与盆地中部主要气田进行了对比,并结合区域地质背景综合分析了天然气的成因类型.指出该地区奥陶系天然气具有"干燥系数大、二氧化碳含量高、烷烃气碳同位素组成轻、热演化程度高"的特点,与靖边气田奥陶系天然气地球化学特征非常接近.应用国内学者建立的甲烷碳同位素与镜质体反射率关系方程式计算了富县地区奥陶系天然气的Ro约为3.33%,处于过成熟演化阶段.利用天然气成因判别图版综合分析,认为富县地区奥陶系天然气为油型气和煤成气的混合气体,且以油型气为主.     

天然香料的绿色生物合成

天然香料是指利用物理提取或酶、微生物加工从植物、动物来源制备的香料.通过阐述自然界提取和生物合成方法生产天然香料中存在的优点和不足,概述了微生物发酵、生物催化和植物组织培养等生物合成方法在天然香料合成中的应用,并在此基础上展望了生物技术绿色合成天然香料的前景.     

天然气水合物热激励法开采模型研究

根据分子动力学分解理论,建立了天然气水合物热激励法开采数学模型,并在此基础上考虑了逆反应的存在对水合物分解规律和气体在地层中渗流特性的影响.利用有限差分法对压力和温度控制方程进行了数值求解,同时分析了地层压力场和温度场的分布规律、天然气的产量变化特征以及渗透率对它们的影响.计算结果表明,在水合物分解前沿,压力值出现跳跃而温度值达到最低点,天然气的产量随时间呈明显的周期性变化趋势,而且随着时间增长,周期逐渐变长,对渗透率的变化敏感.通过分析比较,计算结果与实验结果吻合很好.     

环境因素对斜拉桥斜索自振频率的影响

斜拉桥斜索索力可以使用振动法通过检测索的自振频率来推算,但温度、雨雪以及风等环境因素对索频也都有一定的影响。为了提高检测索频的精确度,根据跟踪检测铜陵长江大桥的资料,总结出斜拉桥斜索频率受环境因素影响的变化幅度,从而更准确地了解频率测试的误差范围