聚—β—羟基丁酸的微生物降解性研究

利用已知微生物，采用平板培养的方法对化学合成的聚－β－羟基丁酸（PHB）及生物发酵制备的PHB进行生物降解性研究，测定了土壤中降解化学合成PHB的微生物群体及种类。结果表明，降解化学合成及生物制备PHB的微生物主要为假单胞杆菌，在土壤中的群体较大；化学合成的PHB降解程度强于生物发酵法制备的PHB。     

聚β-羟基丁酸酯的微生物降解

简要地综述了近年来关于聚β-羟基丁酸酯（polyhydloxybutymte以下简称PHB）的微生物降解方面的一些研究成果，包括：降解PHB的菌种及降解能力；PHB的降解过程和分子机制；PHB解聚酶的生物化学与分子生物学研究等。     

利用活性污泥合成PHB的实验研究

活性污泥是微生物群体及它们所依附的有机物质和无机物质的总称,其中的许多细菌都能累积聚-β羟丁酸酯（PHB）,PHB是相容性较好的生物材料,不仅具有高分子材料的热塑性,还能以可再生生物资源为基本生产原料,制成易降解的且无毒的医用塑料器皿和外科用的手术针和缝线,具有重要的使用价值。因而如何合理利用活性污泥合成PHB具有重要的现实意义,本文以实验室微生物合成PHB的原理为着眼点,进一步来进行活性污泥合成PHB的实验研究,以寻找资源化利用活性污泥的有效途径。     

聚β羟基丁酸(PHB)的研究进展

综述了聚β羟基丁酸的研究进展。生成PHB的微生物菌种有300余种,其中应用最多的菌种是真养产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes eutrophus）。培养条件对微生物细胞中PHB产量影响最大,其中最重要的影响因素是碳源和氮源。选择合适的碳源与氮源,合理控制培养基中的C／N比值,是细胞中PHB产量的最关键的影响因素。筛选优良菌株,优化培养条件和建立合理的提取工艺是PHB生产中的三大关键环节;生物技术在PHB生产中具有广阔的应用前景。     

活性污泥对聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)积累能力的影响

为了实现活性污泥资源化,用序批式反应器,分析了典型周期内,聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)含量与化学需氧量(COD)和总磷(TP)浓度的相关性。用聚合酶链式反应与变性梯度凝胶电泳方法对系统中的活性污泥种群结构进行鉴定,并在好氧曝气条件下,通过投加高浓度碳源,比较了不同PHB含量的活性污泥再次积累PHB的能力。结果表明:COD去除、PHB积累、TP浓度变化符合序批式反应器系统积累PHB的典型模型;转化为PHB的COD量比降解的COD量多出含碳量1.32mmol/L,存在固定CO2的现象;光合细菌红杆菌属是该系统中的优势种群;PHB含量较低、较高的微生物将COD转化为PHB的效率分别为46.54%、29.04%。     

活性污泥对聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)积累能力的影响

为了实现活性污泥资源化,用序批式反应器分析典型周期内聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)含量与化学需氧量(COD)和总磷(TP)浓度的相关性。用聚合酶链式反应与变性梯度凝胶电泳方法对系统中的活性污泥种群结构进行鉴定,并在好氧曝气条件下通过投加高浓度碳源,比较不同PHB含量的活性污泥再次积累PHB的能力。结果表明:COD去除、PHB积累、TP浓度变化符合序批式反应器系统积累PHB的典型模型;转化为PHB的COD比降解的COD多出含碳量1.32mmol/L,存在固定CO2的现象;光合细菌红杆菌属是该系统中的优势种群;PHB含量较低、较高的微生物将COD转化为PHB的效率分别为46.54%和29.04%。     

活性污染好氧／厌氧合成聚—3—羟基丁酸酯

聚－3－羟基丁酸酯（Polyhydroxybutyrate,PHB）是临床储藏于活性污染的微生物体内的能量和碳源聚 的，是完全可生物降解的热塑性塑料，文中探索把性污泥用于生产PHB的可能性，研究重点是如何增加活性污泥内PHB的含量，实验结果表明：没有经过特别驯化的活性污泥，以乙酸盐为过量碳源，厌氧条件培养，PHB含量达污泥干重的11.85%；好氧条件培养，PHB的含量达污泥干重的12.95%；而好氧－厌氧条件培养，PHB的含量达污泥干重的18.49%，产物经核磁共振谱图分析证明其主成分为PHB。     

聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的研究及应用前景

介绍了积累聚 β-羟基丁酸酯 ( PHB)的细菌种类 ,国内外关于 PHB研究的进展、发展状况及 PHB的独特性质和应用前景 ,并概括论述了 PHB的合成及降解途径     

开发聚羟基丁酸酯新技术

聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)是一种微生物合成的天然生物可降解聚酯，具有生物相容性好、可完全降解等优点，在环境及医用材料等领域具有良好的应用价值，近些年来一直是国际学术界和产业界研究开发热点之一，天津市已具有中试生产技术和能力。但是PHB作为一种高度结晶的聚合物，宏观上表现为脆性，冲击强度较低，亲水性较差，成本相对通     

聚乙二醇共混改性聚羟基丁酸酯的研究

研究了聚乙二醇（PEG）溶液共混改性聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB）。DSC、WAXD及力学性能实验表明，PHB／FEG共混物经溶液成膜后，PHB相和PEG相的非晶相部分是热力学相容的，少量PEG的加入，能提高PHB相的结晶度，降低PHB相的熔融温度，减小球晶尺寸，PHB的脆性和加工温度有一定的改善。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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