电解加钛A356合金冲击韧度的研究

通过对比实验研究了在相同Ti含量和相同Ti,B质量比时,不同的加Ti,B方式和不同的热处理工艺对A356合金冲击韧度的影响.结果表明:Ti,B加入的方式对A356合金冲击韧度的影响明显,采用电解加钛进行细化的A356合金微观组织较细,冲击韧度最高;T5,T6热处理工艺能较大提高电解加钛A356合金的强度,明显改善其冲击韧度;T5,T6工艺对电解加钛A356合金的强度、冲击韧度的影响差别较小,T6略优.     

Recrystallization behavior of Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy during hot working process

The recrystallization behavior of deformed Ti40 alloy during a heat-treatment process was studied using electron backscatter diffraction and optical microscopy. The results show that the microstructural evolution of Ti40 alloy is controlled by the growth behavior of grain-boundary small grains during the heating process. These small grains at the grain boundaries mostly originate during the forging process because of the alloy’s inhomogeneous deformation. During forging, the deformation first occurs in the grain-boundary region. New small recrystallized grains are separated from the parent grains when the orientation between deformation zones and parent grains exceeds a certain threshold. During the heating process, the growth of these small recrystallized grains results in a uniform grain size and a decrease in the average grain size. The special recrystallization behavior of Ti40 alloy is mainly a consequence of the alloy’s high β-stabilized elemental content and high solution strength of the β-grains, which partially explains the poor hot working ability of Ti–V–Cr-type burn-resistant titanium alloys. Notably, this study on Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy yields important information related to the optimization of the microstructures and mechanical properties.     

第一性原理研究Mg(16-x)Tix(x=1-16)合金的晶体结构和力学性质

设计力学性能良好的新型镁钛合金对于促进汽车工业、固态储氢材料以及生物复合材料具有重要的意义. 本文基于第一性原理计算, 以能量为判据, 筛选出了Mg(16-x)Tix(x=1~16)每个组分下最稳定的晶体结构, 同时通过形成能、声子谱以及弹性常数对相对稳定的Mg15Ti1, Mg2Ti2, Mg1Ti15晶体结构进行了详细的研究. 研究结果表明镁钛合金是不相溶的, 形成的结构均为亚稳态结构且是热力学稳定的, 此外钛含量的增加有利于增加镁钛合金的硬度以及延展性, 这与实验结果一致, 但是会降低共价键的强度.     

TC4钛合金钻杆在腐蚀条件下的力学性能研究

为研究适用于腐蚀环境下的钛合金钻杆材料,参照NACE和GB规范中的腐蚀要求和试验标准,首先对TC4钛合金试件进行腐蚀处理（设置未经腐蚀处理的对照组）,然后进行拉伸、冲击和硬度试验,研究其在腐蚀条件下的综合力学性能. 结果表明:在NaCl、H₂S、CO₂、205 ℃条件下,TC4钛合金的拉伸性能下降不超过10%,冲击性能变化仅为0.33%,硬度下降3.21%,说明TC4钛合金具有出色的耐腐蚀性,在腐蚀条件下能够保持良好的综合力学性能. 以API规范中对钢钻杆材料的力学性能要求为指标,腐蚀处理后TC4钛合金的力学性能表现为屈服强度、拉伸强度及伸长率均不低于X级钢;冲击吸收功高于API对钢钻杆要求的62%（20 ℃）;硬度超过G级钢约37%,接近S级钢;故可将TC4钛合金应用于腐蚀性油气井钻杆中以避免或减轻钻杆腐蚀失效.      

Characterization of Cu-Ti powder metallurgical materials

Powder metallurgical Cu-Ti alloys with different titanium additions produced by hot pressing were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and hardness, wear and bending tests. The addition of titanium to copper caused the formation of different intermetallic layers around titanium particles. The titanium content of the intermetallics decreased from the center of the particle to the copper matrix. The hardness, wear resistance, and bending strength of the materials increased with increasing Ti content, whereas strain in the bending test decreased. Worn surface analyses showed that different wear mechanisms were active during the wear test of specimens with different chemical compositions. Changes in the properties of the materials with titanium addition were explained by the high hardness of different Cu-Ti intermetallic phases.     

High-temperature oxidation resistance of ceramic coatings on titanium alloy by micro-arc oxidation in aluminate solution

Ceramic coatings with aluminum titanuate (Al₂TiO₅) were prepared on Ti–6Al–4V alloy using pulsed bi-polar Micro-arc Oxidation (MAO). The micromorphology and phase composition of the micro-arc-oxidition ceramic coatings on the titanium alloy were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results revealed that the distinct discharge channels and pores on the surface of the micro-arc-oxidition coatings appeared, and these channels were connected in the molten state. The electrolyte concentration was inversely proportional to the coating hardness; additionally, the coating prepared with sodium aluminate and sodium hypophosphite concentrations of 4 ?g/L and 0.5 ?g/L, respectively, was the most refined after high-temperature sintering, and it was demonstrated to better prevent oxidation. Increasing the electrolyte concentration coincided with fluctuating coating thermal shock resistance. The thermal shock resistance of the coating respectively prepared with sodium aluminate, and the sodium hypophosphite concentrations of 4 ?g/L and 0.5 ?g/L was the highest. Additionally, the high-concentration coatings performed significantly better than the low-concentration coatings. The oxidation resistance of the coating samples was also significantly higher than that of the TC4 titanium alloy substrate. The adhesion strength between the coatings and the substrate with and without the sealing treatment was measured by tensile tests. Then, the high-temperature oxidation performance of the coating samples with and without the sealing treatment was investigated by conducting a high-temperature oxidation experiment at a calcinating temperature of 500 ?°C. The results indicate that the adhesion strength between the coatings and substrate was high for the as-prepared and sealed micro-arc oxidation samples regardless of whether they were calcined. The high-temperature oxidation mass increase curves for the sealed and unsealed coating samples calcined at 500 ?°C for 500 ?h revealed that the high-temperature-oxidation-induced mass increase of the coating samples sealed with a sodium silicate solution was much lower than that of the titanium alloy substrate. Thus, the sealing treatment significantly improved the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the TC4 titanium alloy. Lastly, the high-temperature oxidation behavior at 500 ?°C was analyzed and discussed.     

Effect of niobium alloying level on the oxidation behavior of titanium aluminides at 850°C

This work addresses the alloying of titanium aluminides used in aircraft engine applications and automobiles. The oxidation resistance behavior of two titanium aluminides of α₂ + γ(Ti₃Al + TiAl) and orthorhombic Ti₂NbAl, recognized as candidates for high-temperature applications, was investigated by exposure of the alloys for 100 h in air. Thus, oxidation resistance was expressed as the mass gain rate, whereas surface aspects were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the type of oxidation products was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The orthorhombic Ti₂NbAl alloy was embrittled, and pores and microcracks were formed as a result of oxygen diffusion through the external oxide layer formed during thermal oxidation for 100 h.     

多孔Ti-45Nb合金的微观组织与力学性能研究

新型多孔Ti-Nb合金因为具有良好的生物相容性,在硬组织植入材料领域中受到关注。本文利用纯Ti和Nb粉采用粉末烧结法制备多孔Ti-45Nb合金。通过造孔剂NH4HCO3调控多孔钛合金的孔隙度、孔隙尺寸、孔隙形貌、弹性模量和抗压强度。研究结果表明:随着造孔剂含量的增加,多孔Ti-45Nb合金的孔隙度和孔隙尺寸增大,孔隙连通性增加;弹性模量和抗压强度减小。多孔Ti-45Nb合金的孔隙特性和力学性能满足硬组织植入材料的基本要求。     

固溶制度对Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti合金挤压材组织性能的影响

通过金相组织分析、扫描电子显微镜分析、X射线衍射、硬度、电导率、室温拉伸性能、断后伸长率和抗晶间腐蚀等微观组织观察及性能表征,研究了四种不同固溶制度对Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti合金微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明：随着固溶温度的升高,合金中的晶粒逐渐变大;当固溶温度低于520℃时,合金中的未溶相的数量和尺寸随着固溶温度的升高而减小;当固溶制度为510℃×2 h+520℃×2 h时,合金中的未溶相开始增多,合金出现轻微过烧,断后伸长率及抗晶间腐蚀性能变差,但抗拉强度最高,达到了490.14 MPa。合金的位错强度和位错贡献值随着固溶温度的升高而减小,合金中的强化效果主要来源于固溶强化和时效析出强化。合金在T6状态下,(490℃×2 h+500℃×2 h)和(500℃×2 h+510℃×2 h)两种不同固溶制度下的抗拉强度和断后伸长率等力学性能和抗晶间腐蚀性能都较优,这两种固溶制度均是适合Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti合金的固溶制度。     

TiNi系形状记忆合金两体磨粒磨损机制研究

研究了硬度较低的ＮｉＴｉ系形状记忆合金的两体磨粒磨损行为,其耐磨性明显高于硬度较高的３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ（氮化）合金,认为形状记忆合金（ＳＭＡ）的超弹性,弹性模量非线性,高强度及良好的耐疲劳性等因素的综合作用构成了ＳＭＡ的“自适应”磨损机制,这种“自适应”机制是ＮｉＴｉ系形状记忆合金具有极好耐磨性的根本原因。     

TC4钛合金热镦加热方法

通过对ＴＣ４钛合金加热方法的研究，提出了接触电加热快速升温的方法，有效避免了空气污染，针对加工中经常出现的热裂，用有限元法了加热过程中的温度场和应力场，结果表明加热效果良好，并且通过实验验证了其可行性，为钛合金棒料热镦工艺的确定提供了理论和实验基础。     

FeMnSi基形状记忆合金在水溶液中的电化学腐蚀

在 Fe Mn Si基形状记忆合金中加入 N,能强化基体 ,改善其形状回复率 ,同时有可能提高抗腐蚀性能 .采用浸泡试验和慢线性电位扫描法测量阳极极化曲线等方法 ,以 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti不锈钢为参照 ,研究了 Fe Mn Si、Fe Mn Si Cr、Fe Mn Si Cr N等合金在 Na Cl(w=3 .5 % )、Na OH(3 mol/L )、HCl(1 mol/L)溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为 .结果表明 :在 Na Cl和 HCl溶液中 ,Fe Mn Si Cr N的抗腐蚀性能较好 ,但不如 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti;Na OH溶液中 ,Fe Mn Si三元合金会发生钝化 ,且有很宽的钝化区 ,因此有很好的抗腐蚀性能 ,而抗腐蚀性能排序为 Fe Mn Si>Fe Mn Si Cr N>Fe Mn Si Cr>1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti.总之 ,与 Fe Mn Si和 Fe Mn Si Cr相比 ,Fe Mn Si Cr N在水溶液中有较好的抗腐蚀性能     

Burn-resistant behavior and mechanism of Ti14 alloy

The direct-current simulation burning method was used to investigate the burn-resistant behavior of Ti14 titanium alloy. The results show that Ti14 alloy exhibits a better burn resistance than TC4 alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). Cu is observed to preferentially migrate to the surface of Ti14 alloy during the burning reaction, and the burned product contains Cu, Cu₂O, and TiO₂. An oxide layer mainly comprising loose TiO₂ is observed beneath the burned product. Meanwhile, Ti₂Cu precipitates at grain boundaries near the interface of the oxide layer, preventing the contact between O₂ and Ti and forming a rapid diffusion layer near the matrix interface. Consequently, a multiple-layer structure with a Cu-enriched layer (burned product)/Cu-lean layer (oxide layer)/Cu-enriched layer (rapid diffusion layer) configuration is formed in the burn heat-affected zone of Ti14 alloy; this multiple-layer structure is beneficial for preventing O₂ diffusion. Furthermore, although Al can migrate to form Al₂O₃ on the surface of TC4 alloy, the burn-resistant ability of TC4 is unimproved because the Al₂O₃ is discontinuous and not present in sufficient quantity.     

Ti对高强耐候钢力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)以及力学性能测试等手段分析了薄板坯连铸连轧(TSCR)工艺生产Ti微合金化高强耐候钢的成分及工艺对显微组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:钢中加入Ti,屈服强度有明显的提高;钛质量分数为0.05%～0.08%时,高强耐候钢的晶粒尺寸随着钛含量的增加基本不变;高强耐候钢强度的提高主要取决于钢中有效钛的含量,有效钛不仅与钛的含量有关,而且还与S, N的含量有关;在有效钛含量一定的条件下,析出强化的大小主要取决于轧后的卷取温度.     

激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金微观组织及残余应力的影响

Ti2AlNb(O-Ti2AlNb)具有优异的力学性能,在航空发动机方面有远大应用前景.激光冲击强化(Laser Shock Peening,LSP)是一种先进的表面改性技术,能够在材料表面诱导产生高幅值、大深度的残余压应力,改善材料微观组织,提高材料抗疲劳、高温氧化等性能.本文采用激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金进行表面改性,并研究其组织演变、残余应力以及高温环境对性能的影响.结果表明:激光冲击强化能够显著减小Ti2AlNb合金近表面的晶粒尺寸.显微硬度由冲击前的350 HV提升到395 HV;在冲击区域近表面产生了约-377 MPa的残余压应力;而在高温环境中,由激光冲击强化所诱导的材料近表面残余应力随时间逐渐释放,在600℃条件下,残余应力释放较为缓慢;而在720℃条件下,残余应力迅速释放.     

Optimization of mechanical properties of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloys by the additions of Bi,In and Ti

Bi, In and Ti were added to Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC387) solder alloy to optimize the mechanical performance. The alloying effects of Bi, In and Ti on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of SAC387 based solder alloys were investigated. The results demonstrate that adding 3.5 ?wt % of Bi could refine the microstructure, optimize the thermal properties, and improve the tensile strength. Meanwhile, the ductility of the solder alloys reduced evidently. Adding 2.8 ?wt % of In into SAC387–3.5 ?wt %Bi alloy could increase both the strength and ductility, which is attributed to the beneficial effect of In addition, as adding In could improve the solubility of Bi in the β-Sn matrix. Meanwhile, the melting point was reduced, and the wettability improved with the addition of In. Introducing amounts of Ti into SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi-2.8 ?wt % In alloy could further increase the strength. However, the ductility was significantly reduced when 0.8 ?wt % of Ti was added due to the formation of the coarse Ti₂Sn₃ phase. The undercooling was remarkably reduced with the addition of Ti. The nanoindentation tests demonstrate that the hardness increased mainly due to the hardening effect of the Bi addition. Among all the samples prepared, alloy SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi exhibited the highest creep resistance at the ambient temperature. Further adding In and Ti into SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi alloys reduced the creep resistance of the solder alloys. The mechanism associated with the different mechanical responses is also discussed in this study.     

浅析钛及钛合金产业现状及青海省发展对策

本文介绍和分析了我国钛精矿及利用现状,我国钛及钛合金熔炼（铸锭）、加工概况,在此基础上提出了加快青海省钛及钛合金产业发展的对策：（1）编制青海省钛及钛合金产业发展规划;（2）加快青海省钛及钛合金产业科技创新体系建设;（3）制定优惠政策,积极引进一批钛材加工科技型中小企业,增强青海省钛及钛合金产业发展的综合实力.     

钛合金Ti6Al4V铣削加工过程阻尼模型稳定性预报

钛合金的导热系数小、化学亲和性大,易与摩擦表面产生黏附现象,在加工过程中容易产生变形,导致切削力的波动,引起系统的振动.针对这种难加工材料,往往采取低速切削.在低速加工过程中,刀具与工件加工表面之间产生的过程阻尼对系统的稳定性影响尤为显著.以钛合金Ti6Al4V为研究对象,进行铣削加工实验,以基于摩擦颤振原理的过程阻尼模型为动力系统模型,给出其稳定性分析的全离散预报方法,得到的稳定性Lobe图与加工实验数据相吻合,有效地预报了钛合金Ti6Al4V在低切削速度条件下的加工稳定性,可以减少刀具磨损,提高加工质量.     

钛合金表面织构的光纤激光加工多参数耦合研究

针对钛合金作为生物医用材料具有耐磨性差、表面容易划伤等缺点,采用光纤激光表面织构提高其抗磨性能.因诸多激光工作参数共同制约其加工效率,对钛合金TC4进行多参数耦合实验研究,提出了一套适用于凹坑形和凹槽形两种表面图案的理想工作参数组.实验结果表明,该参数组能有效地提高表面织构的精度和速度.