温度对羊草（Leymuschinensis）生长及无性系分化的影响

根据温室内的人为控制温度试验，观测温度对羊草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）无性系分化和生长的影响，得出如下结论；温度是影响羊草株高的最主要生态因子，适宜的高温显著促进单草的伸展；温度也是促进单草分蘖的主要因子之一，羊草的生物量积累受到温度变化极值的限制，适宜的温度范围显著促进生物量积累．羊草无性系的分化和高温的天数明显正相关，无性系对高温有较强的生态适应性，甚至在高温已经抑制羊草生物量的积累的情况下，仍然对无性系的生长和分化有一定的促进作用，这充分表明了羊草无性系对温度有较强生态适应的特点．     

温度对羊草生长及无性系分化的影响

根据温室内的人为控制温度试验，观测温度对羊草无性系分化和生长的影响，得出如下结论：温度是影响羊草株高的最主要生态因子，适宜的高温显著促进羊草的伸展；温度也是促进羊草分蘖的主要因子之一；羊草的生物量积累受到温度变化极值的限制，适宜的温度范围显著促进生物量积累。羊草无性系的分化和高温的天数明显正相关，无性系对高温有较强的生态适应性，甚至在高温已经抑制羊草生物量的积累的情况下，仍然对无性系的生长和分化有     

不同盐碱梯度生境下羊草根茎生长的研究

采用梯度取样法,研究了不同盐碱梯度的盐碱土壤对羊草根茎生长的影响.结果表明,盐和盐碱对羊草根茎生长均有显著影响(P<0.01),相对于土壤pH值,土壤含盐量季节差异较大,影响更为复杂.重度盐碱生境(pH>9.84,电导率>0.88μS/cm)羊草根茎长度、节密度、节间距、生长速率、生物量、能量都最小,对羊草根茎伸长生长起到抑制作用,降低了羊草根茎的能量积累.单位长度羊草根茎生物量在重度盐碱生境下最大(48.7g/m),同时根茎生物量的分配比例增大.     

不同生境条件下羊草构件及羊草种群无性系分化

从不同生境条件下羊草种群的数量、分布格局、构件、无性系分化几个方面探讨了羊草种群的生态适应特征，得到如下结果：１）羊草种群数量及分布格局有随生境梯度改变而变化的趋势，以羊草群落中的羊草种群数量、株间距、分布格局类型最能反映羊草种群的生态适应特点；２）羊草的构件及无性系分化随生境条件的可塑性变化十分明显，其中以羊草群落中的羊草种群最具特殊性，根茎长、茎节数多、节间距大、根茎干物质积累多．     

不同生境条件下羊草种群构件的可塑性变化

羊草作为典型的构件植物,在构件及无性系分化上形成许多生态适应特点.通过对不同尺度生境条件下羊草种群构件的观察测定,发现羊草构件的可塑性变化十分明显:[1]在野外的自然条件下,随着生境水分条件的改善,根茎缩短,茎节数减少,而节间距相对稳定;[2]在放牧梯度上,随着放牧加重、退化程度的增加,株高、叶片数、根茎长、茎节数、节间距、单株地上干重存在明显差异,均表现为未放牧显著高于重度放牧;[3]在人工模拟不同干扰的条件下,羊草的构件随着干扰强度的增加存在显著差异.人工模拟与自然环境中放牧梯度上的变化规律不完全一致,主要是由于实验室是盆栽种植,限制了根茎向外延伸.     

不同水分条件下筇竹无性系的生态适应性研究

对不同水分条件下筇竹无性系生长的形态可塑性进行了研究，并分析了自适应的对策。结果表明：在土壤水梯度环境下，筇竹形态特征表现出明显的适应性变化；随着水分资源有效性的提高，其分株的高度、直径、分板长度、分枝角度、叶面积、隔离长度、隔离直径、无性系总生物量相应增加，分株密度和隔离总长度则相应减小；在水分资源有效性较低的生境中，无性系生长则选择水资源相对丰富的微生境放置分株，以克服异质性给水分吸收带来的困难，体现了筇竹无性系生长的觅食行为及趋利避害的生态适应性。     

白羊草光合特性和水分利用效率对土壤水分响应的研究

为揭示黄土丘陵区乡土草种白羊草光合生理生态特征和其水分利用效率对土壤水分的响应关系,本研究采用盆栽控制实验,比较研究白羊草在充分供水、轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫3个水分处理下的光合生理特征、瞬时水分利用效率及生物量的变化情况。结果表明:1充分供水和轻度水分胁迫处理下,光合速率日变化呈"双峰"型曲线并出现明显的光合"午休"现象;2干旱胁迫对地上部分的影响显著高于地下,重度水分胁迫显著增加白羊草根冠比和细根生物量,降低粗根生物量;3水分利用效率在充分供水时受叶片温度影响最大,在轻度水分胁迫时受大气饱和水汽压亏缺的影响最大,在重度水分胁迫时受大气温度的影响最大。     

醉蝶花幼苗对水分胁迫的生长适应性研究

研究了醉蝶花幼苗在不同水分胁迫条件下的生长适应性 .结果表明，不同水分胁迫对醉蝶花幼苗生物量影响较大. 1d2次， 3d1次， 4d1次的浇水条件均不利干物质的积累，导致总生物量偏低；而 1d1次， 2d1次则有利于干物质的积累，总生物量相对较高 .不同水分胁迫条件下，幼苗有机同化产物在地上和底下部分的分配发生明显变化，引起根冠比的变化 .     

披碱草与苜蓿混播试验研究

对披碱草与草原２号杂花苜蓿不同混播比例的群落性质，高度生长和地上生物量积累动态及混播后地上生产力进行了对比研究，披碱草、苜蓿的高度生长方式不受不同混播比例的影响，其高度生长曲线分别为Ｈ＝ｔ／（ａ＋ｂｔ＋ｃｔ·ｔ）和Ｈ＝ａ＋ｂｔ＋ｃｔｔ．披碱草、苜蓿的地上生物量积累方式不受不同混播比例的影响，其增长曲线为Ｗ＝ａｔ＾ｂ。不同混播比例生物量积累速率不同。茎叶比、叶面积指数在不同的混播群落中数值不同，苜蓿     

披碱草(Elymusdahuricus)与苜蓿(Medicago)混播试验研究

对披碱草（Ｅｌｙｍｕｓｄａｈｕｒｉｃｕｓ）与草原２号杂花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｖａｒｉａｍａｒｅｉｎ，Ｃｖ，ＣａｏｙｕａｎＮｏ．２）不同混播比例的群落性质，高度生长和地上生物量积累动态及混播后地上生产力进行了对比研究，披碱草、苜蓿的高度生长方式不受不同混播比例的影响，其高度生长曲线分别为Ｈ＝ｔ／（ａ＋ｂｔ＋ｃｔｔ）和Ｈ＝ａ＋ｂｔ＋ｃｔ．披碱草、苜蓿的地上生物量积累方式不受不同混播比例的影响，其增长曲线为Ｗ＝ａｔｂ．不同混播比例生物量积累速率不同．茎叶比、叶面积指数在不同的混播群落中数值不同，苜蓿的叶面积指数大于披碱草．混播有利于高产，不同混播群落地上生物量与天然对照具有显著或极显著的差异，其中披碱草与苜蓿地上植株密度比为３１（播种量２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２１３．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）时产量最高．混播群落粗脂肪、总能量、消化能含量均高于单播群落．综合分析评价，披碱草与苜蓿密度比为３１（３小区），为最优化的群落组合．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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