多层组合桨搅拌槽内通气功率和传质性能研究

在内径为300 mm的搅拌槽内,用六叶半椭圆管叶盘式涡轮桨(HEDT)、抛物线管叶盘式涡轮桨(PDT)和轴流式四叶宽叶翼型桨(WH)上提操作方式(U)和下压操作方式(D)组成的3种组合桨HEDT+2WHU,HEDT+2WHD和PDT+2WHD研究了不同操作条件下各组合桨的通气功率和传质性能。结果表明,各组合桨的相对功率需求(RPD)都随着转速和通气准数的增大而减小,HEDT+2WHU桨的RPD在实验操作条件下一直维持在0.75以上,大于另外两种组合桨;3种组合桨的容积传质系数kLa都随着功耗和表观气速uG的增大而增大,并且当气速较小时,增大气速可以大幅度增大kLa,但随着气量的增加,kLa的增大幅度有所减小;小气量下3种组合桨的kLa差别不大,但大气量下差别明显;PDT+2WHD在气速uG=0.0078~0.039 m/s时表现出最好的传质性能,PDT+2WHD、HEDT+2WHD在uG=0.039 m/s时的传质性能明显优于HEDT+2WHU。基于实验数据,回归得3种组合桨的功率准数和传质系数的关联式,可用于工业设计及应用。     

搅拌槽内不同桨型组合的气-液分散特性

在直径为0.476m的椭圆底搅拌槽内,分别研究径向流桨（八弯叶涡轮CDT-8）组合、轴流式搅拌桨（四叶宽叶翼形WH桨）组合及混合流型组合桨（径向流的六叶半椭圆管盘式涡轮HEDT与三窄叶翼形桨CBY）的通气功率及气含率,并得到了相应的通气功率和气含率的经验关联式。结果表明：HEDT底桨配合CBY轴流桨的混合流组合桨的RPD值下降最少,轴向流组合次之,而径向流组合桨R_PD下降最多;在相同的通气搅拌功率下,在低通气量时,轴向流组合桨的气含率最高,在较高的通气流量时,混合流及径向流组合桨的气含率相当,均高于轴向流组合桨。文中的研究结果可为工业多层桨气-液搅拌槽/反应器的优化设计提供参考。     

基于CFD的多层桨叶组合搅拌器的优化

针对50 L发酵罐搅拌器组合选择类型复杂多变的问题，设计4种不同桨叶组合的三层搅拌桨模型，运用CFD软件对设计的4种组合桨发酵罐进行气液两相流数值模拟。通过对发酵罐中有无通气进行比较，研究通气对罐内流场的影响，并对通气后不同桨叶组合下的液相速度云图、搅拌功耗、体积传质系数以及气相体积分数进行分析，选取混合效果最好的桨叶组合。结果表明：通气会使罐内流场的轴向速度增强；通气条件下不同桨叶组合产生的流场特性会有所不同，上下层桨叶为径向流桨叶，中层桨叶为轴向流桨叶的桨叶组合所形成的流场速度分布更加均匀，能为发酵罐在搅拌过程中物质的扩散与混合提供更好的条件；不同的桨叶组合会产生不同的K_La值；下桨叶选择六直叶圆盘涡轮桨的桨叶组合其气体分布更加均匀；在搅拌功率方面，搅拌组合B功耗最高，搅拌组合D功耗相对较低，且在三个轴向流桨叶中螺旋桨功耗最低，综合分析选取组合D为最优桨叶组合。研究结果可为气液两相流发酵罐的设计与选择提供理论依据。     

多层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性

在直径为0.476 m的搅拌槽内,采用电导法测定搅拌槽内单层桨和多层桨体系的混合时间。对于单层桨体系,在相同的搅拌输入功率下,不同类型的径向流桨和轴向流桨具有相同的混合时间。对于窄叶翼型CBY搅拌桨,在相同的搅拌输入功率下,单层、双层以及三层CBY搅拌桨的混合时间基本相同;而对于六直叶涡轮桨DT-6,在相同的搅拌输入功率下其混合时间随桨叶层数的增加而加长;多层CBY桨的混合时间远低于多层DT-6搅拌桨的混合时间。     

自吸式涡轮搅拌桨的性能研究

系统地测定了自吸式双圆盘六叶涡轮桨应用于气-液-固三相浆态搅拌反应器的性能。研究了吸入气体的临界转速、表征搅拌桨对气体抽吸能力的吸气压力、气体自吸的吸入流量、搅拌功率、气含率、气液分散性能和气液传质规律,以及固体催化剂颗粒的悬浮问题。采用磁钢密封结合自吸式涡轮搅拌桨的三相浆态搅拌反应器,比较适宜于精细化学品合成的工艺研究及本征动力学测定,并对中小规模三相浆态反应工艺的连续化生产提供了可行性研究。     

搅拌调浆对硫化铜镍矿物浮选的影响

采用四叶直桨和四叶斜桨及其组合的搅拌装置,对高品位硫化铜镍矿和蛇纹石的人工混合矿进行搅拌调浆处理后浮选,采用非线性拟合得到浮选最大回收率和浮选速率系数,运用CFD数值计算方法得到搅拌槽流场参数,进行关联关系分析,研究搅拌调浆对硫化铜镍矿浮选的影响。研究结果表明:搅拌调浆有利于减弱蛇纹石与硫化铜镍矿的异相凝聚,流体的剪切应力和轴向流速度均影响硫化铜镍矿浮选回收率,搅拌调浆应该采用直桨和斜桨配合以优化流体剪切应力和轴向流速度。     

笼式通气搅拌桨的流体循环、混合及液体夹带

研究了具有双层笼式通气搅拌桨的Cell Cul-20A生物反应器的流体循环、混合及搅拌桨的液体夹带特性。理论分析及实验结果表明,适当地增大搅拌桨直径及导流筒内径,有利于增强混合效果。搅拌桨的液体夹带有助于提高氧传递速率,但在实际的培养细胞过程中,丝网内液位下降显著,因此靠增大液体夹带量来提高反应器的传质系数是不现实的。     

气－液－固三相体系颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速

在机械搅拌槽中，使用翼形轴流桨（Ｋ４）、涡轮桨（ＤＴ）、６叶４５°斜叶桨（６ＰＴＤ、６ＰＴＵ）（排出流向下、向上），对低粘度物系气－液－固三相体系的颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）作了实验研究，阐明了不同搅拌桨结构下，悬浮液浓度及通气量对Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）的影响规律。实验得出在相同的悬浮液浓度及通气量下，Ｋ４的Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）最低。     

2种型式搅拌桨用于工业规模搅拌釜内假塑性流体混合过程的数值模拟

用CFD技术研究了最大叶片式桨和三层六直叶涡轮桨的在大高径比工业规模搅拌釜中流体力学行为,以黄原胶溶液为研究体系,重点考察了功率特性、死区分率、剪切性能和混合时间等流体动力学性能.结果表明:2种搅拌桨的功耗与转速成正比,死区与转速成反比;随着雷诺数增加,釜内平均剪切速率增加.工业规模搅拌釜中,最大叶片式桨搅拌流场呈双循环流型,三层六直叶涡轮桨在每个桨叶叶端分别形成上下2个小循环.在相同单位体积功耗下,最大叶片式桨的混合时间相对于三层六直叶涡轮桨较短.     

剪切环境与产黄青霉形态和代谢的关系

结合青霉素发酵过程，考察了产黄青霉形态变化和发酵罐中剪切环境对菌体形态的影响。考察的产黄青霉菌株对强剪切作用呈现出瞬时响应和逐渐衰减的反应机制，实际剪切强度介于发酵罐内最高剪切速率和平均剪切速率之间。提出了总体剪切强度的概念，用于定量表达不同桨型、多层搅拌下剪切环境。青霉素发酵需要在较强剪切环境中进行，采用轴向流桨和涡轮桨组合搅拌时，可通过调整桨径和搅拌转速来保证剪切环境满足菌体生长和代谢的需要。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with