水下航行器海流发电装置叶轮的数值仿真

针对水下航行器航行过程中的能源补给问题,设计了一种用于水下航行器的垂直轴海流发电装置.为探索稳定海流中发电装置叶轮的受力特性和功率输出特性,利用滑移网格技术对叶轮流场进行了二维非定常数值仿真,结果与实验数据较为吻合.针对4叶片和3叶片叶轮分析了叶轮旋转速度ω和叶片翻转角θ对叶轮发电性能的影响,结果表明,3叶片叶轮最大输出功率要高于4叶片叶轮,展长为1 m的3叶片叶轮在v∞=1 m/s、θ=120°和ω=0.3 rad/s时获得最大平均输出功率29.33 W.分析了3叶片叶轮在来流v∞=1 m/s下速度场的基本特点,为实际的设计安装工作提供了预测和指导.     

不同风速下风力机叶片的振动特性研究

针对风力机叶片在正常工况下运行时受到周期性的气动力导致叶片发生振动,降低叶片使用寿命的情况,研究了风力机叶片在不同风速下的振动特性。选取不同风速条件下的5种工况 (风速范围为15~40 m/s),选用CFD方法对NREL PHASE VI叶片进行模拟计算,获取不同风速下的振型和振动位移曲线。结果表明：叶片的主要振型是挥舞和摆振,高阶叶片振型存在着弯曲和扭转组合的复杂变形;来流速度从15 m/s增大到40 m/s时,叶片吸力面的压力分布不均匀性不断提高,来流速度为40 m/s时最大压力差值约达到3 000 Pa;来流速度为15 m/s时振幅最小为0.525 4 mm,来流速度为40 m/s时振幅最大,为3.628 2 mm,约是最小振幅的6.9倍;5种工况的振动曲线均呈现衰减趋势,叶片趋于稳定振动;当来流风速越大时,由来流风所产生的气动力对叶片的作用力越大,叶片的振幅呈现增大的趋势。研究结果可为风力机设计提供参考。     

小型水平轴风力机在不同桨距下发电性能的实验研究

本文对一小型水平轴风力发电机的发电性能和叶片流场进行了实验研究.基于三种桨距,测出在不同的来流风速和不同负载下的电流和发电功率,分析得到随着负载的增大电流强度减小,而功率随着风速的增大先增大后减小,存在着峰值功率;结果也表明桨距对叶片风能利用率影响较大.基于桨距A=60°、来流速度3m/s和负载5Ω,采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)技术对垂直于桨叶旋转平面的截面进行了流场测量,结果显示桨尖涡在风力机叶片流场中起主导作用.     

驻留航行器沉底稳定性的数值分析

采用计算流体力学方法和ICEM CFD软件对不同沉底姿态时的驻留航行器模型进行结构化网格划分,利用CFX软件对其在不同海底来流速度下的流场进行数值模拟与分析,建立了分析驻留航行器沉底稳定性的数学模型,并结合仿真结果分析了海底来流速度和沉底姿态对驻留航行器沉底稳定性的影响.结果表明：在0.514 m/s的海底来流速度下,驻留航行器能够保持沉底的稳定性;在1.028 m/s及以上的海底来流速度下,驻留航行器不能够保持沉底的稳定性.     

来流速度分布对蒸发式冷凝器性能的影响

在适当简化模型的基础上,采用可实现湍流动能-扩散率模型、强化壁面处理方法和速度-压力耦合的SIMPLE算法,探索了来流速度分布及其对传热传质与流阻性能的影响.结果表明:计算流体力学模拟与实验偏差不超过15%;当来流速度在1.5~4.5m/s范围内时,排热量变化率为19.3%,压降变化率为9.4%;当来流进入角在-45°~45°时,排热量变化率为15.5%,压降变化率为18.0%;合适的气流入口流速为2.4~3.3m/s,适宜方向为-15°~20.°     

液液射流装置的搅拌混合效果

以活性污泥、消化污泥为研究对象,分析液液射流搅拌装置对这两种污泥在搅拌槽内混合效果;同时利用计算流体力学软件ANSYS Fluent 15.0模拟了在入射压力为226 043 Pa工况下,射流搅拌装置的工作性能。该入射压力下,液液喷嘴泵送活性污泥时入射流量314.57 m~3/h,入射速度为3.37 m/s,消化污泥入射流量为312.05 m~3/h,入射速度为3.20 m/s。模拟结果表明在液液喷嘴内部搅拌混合效果不受流体性质的影响,均得到很好的搅拌混合;但在搅拌槽内活性污泥的搅拌混合效果明显优于消化污泥,搅拌槽内活性污泥流速方差加权平均值f为144.24,死区的体积分数φ为13.33%,平均流速为0.108 2 m/s,消化污泥在搅拌槽内的平均流速为0.031 8 m/s。     

风力机叶片表面覆冰影响因素分析

我国低温高海拔地区的风能资源十分丰富，风力机在该环境下运行时会产生叶片表面覆冰现象，不仅降低风力机的发电效率，严重时会影响结构安全性能.采用Fluent与FENSAP-ICE相结合的方法对风力机叶片表面覆冰问题进行数值模拟分析，明确环境温度、来流速度、水滴等主要环境因素影响下叶片表面覆冰发展规律.结果表明，环境温度从-5℃降低到-20℃的过程中，覆冰质量随温度的降低呈线性增长，增长幅度约为0.74 kg/℃;当温度继续降低时，覆冰质量增长幅度降低为0.228 kg/℃.来流速度、空气中水含量(LWC)与水滴直径(MVD)的增加均使覆冰质量呈线性提高，覆冰质量增长幅度分别约为0.236 kg·s/m、8.529 kg·m³/g、0.512 kg/μm.降低环境温度、增大来流速度和LWC会增加叶片覆冰面积，但增大MVD会使覆冰面积减小.     

流体力学雷诺实验的数值模拟的研究

以雷诺实验为例,采用计算流体力学CFD软件进行模拟,建立了相应的物理和数学模型,得到了流体质点的流线。结果表明,速度在小于0．008m／s时,模拟结果显示流态为层流,速度大于0．015m／s时,流态为紊流。     

横向来流对等离子体点火器射流特性的影响

为研究航空等离子体点火器的射流特性,采用纹影摄像技术记录了等离子体射流的形成及发展过程,研究来流环境下横向来流速度对航空等离子体点火器射流特性的影响规律.结果表明:在横向来流条件下,来流速度的增大会使得射流偏转角增大,当横向来流速度v m=5 m/s时,射流偏转角θ=15.9°,当横向来流速度vm=20m/s时,射流偏转角θ=77.1°,来流速度增大15m/s,射流偏转角增大3.8倍;同时来流速度增大时,会加大等离子体射流动量与热量的损失速率,导致等离子体射流穿透深度、射流速度、射流面积及射流面积变化率均减小.     

基于片条理论和遗传算法的风力机叶片全局优化设计

针对水平轴风力机叶片Wilson优化设计法的不足,以片条理论为基础、全年发电量为目标函数对叶片进行全局优化设计。通过遗传算法对设计约束进行最优化搜索,并根据该方法设计在平均风速为7.5 m/s风场下工作的1.5 MW叶片。为保证功率计算的准确性,通过XFOIL和CFD软件计算翼型0o~360o攻角下气动性能,将其设计结果与Wilson法进行比较。研究结果表明:全局优化设计方法能够满足叶片设计要求,设计的叶片在低于额定风速的低风速区性能良好,在平均风速附近(7~9 m/s)的功率系数达0.44。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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