具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

数控机床动压主轴的热误差建模技术研究

为了降低加工过程的热误差,提高数控机床加工精度,基于时序相关分析理论与数值计算方法,建立了一种以温度场分布及加工参数为输入的新型机床主轴热误差建模方法.所建模型由热误差模型、主轴动压轴承热特性模型以及主轴热传递模型三部分组成.该方法首先根据时序相关理论建立热误差与温度测点之间的相关模型,再通过灰色相关理论完成关键温度测点位置与数量的优化,同时,基于数值计算与热传导理论,建立了动压主轴系统热特性模型.以一台大型龙门导轨磨床为实验对象,建立了磨床主轴箱热误差预测模型.实验结果表明,所建立的热误差模型具有良好的热误差辨识性能.     

醋酸乌利司他假多晶型分子热分解机理及动力学

通过冷却结晶实验制备醋酸乌利司他以乙醇为溶剂的假多晶型晶体.热重实验结果表明醋酸乌利司他假多晶型在升温过程中包含溶剂脱除与分子热分解2个过程.利用非等温热重法对醋酸乌利司他假多晶型的分子热分解过程机理及其动力学进行研究.基于不同热分解机理所对应的反应动力学机理函数,结合醋酸乌利司他假多晶型非等温热分解实验数据,计算估测醋酸乌利司他假多晶型分子热分解的机理,并计算得到这一过程所对应的热分解动力学方程.     

头孢硫脒热分解动力学研究

采用TG-DTG(thermal gravity -differential thermal gravity)法研究了头孢硫脒的热分解过程动力学。头孢硫脒热分解为一步完成,开始失重时的温度为430~450 K。运用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法、Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose法和Starink法计算了头孢硫脒热分解过程中的活化能值,发现活化能均随着热分解转化率的升高而降低。通过Málek 法得到头孢硫脒晶体的热分解动力学三因子分别为E_α=109 kJ/mol、ln A=30.60 s^-1、最概然动力学模型为SB(0.241 7, 0.658 9)。预测头孢硫脒在273.15 K以下时的理论贮存期为3年。     

基于虚拟仪器的导热系数测量平台设计

材料的热传导行为在热能动力、冶金、化工、电子、建筑等方面受到广泛的关注,常需要能准确地测量出材料的导热系数。该文基于一维导热之上的双热流计稳态法来测量材料导热系数,通过对达到稳态之后的各通道温度的分析获得与材料导热系数相关的数据。通过LabVIEW程序设计分析仪器平台系统,计算出材料的导热系数。软硬件结合使得实际测得的材料导热系数更加准确可信,大大降低了传统方法所带来的误差。     

大型机床热误差检测及建模

以大型机床热误差补偿为研究列标、以大型龙门机床为研究对象,开发了温度热误差检测系统,实测了机床的热误差和温度场,并利用热误差及温度变量间的相关性,选取了建模温度变量,采用多元回归,建立了Z向热误差模型,并预测了后续热误差的变化。预测结果有效地将热误差带宽从60μm降为18μm,有效证明预测的可行性。     

耐久性沥青路面混凝土基层温度应力分析

为分析各参数对耐久性沥青路面混凝土基层温度应力的影响,分析了路面结构温度场,建立了三维有限元模型,确定了计算参数,通过正交设计表安排参数组合,计算混凝土基层的温度应力,并对计算结果进行极差与方差分析.此外,利用均匀设计表安排参数组合求解混凝土基层温度应力,对计算结果进行回归,得出沥青路面混凝土基层的温度应力实用计算公式,以指导路面结构设计.     

材料物理参数对摩擦副热变形影响的研究

为了深入研究材料物理参数对液粘调速离合器摩擦副的热变形影响,建立了摩擦副的热机耦合数学模型,采用有限元法对液粘调速离合器应用于软启动工况时摩擦副的热机耦合过程进行求解,详细分析了热传导系数、弹性模量和热膨胀系数对摩擦副应力场分布的影响。研究结果表明:摩擦副内、外径产生反向轴向位移,位移场中可见碟形翘曲变形;增大对偶片和摩擦衬片的热传导系数均有助于减小摩擦副的热应力;减小对偶片的弹性模量或热膨胀系数能有效减小摩擦副各表面的应力。     

生物组织热导率的脉冲衰减法测量

采用脉冲-衰减法测量生物组织的热导率,通过合理设计测量电路、选择电路参数,可以使脉冲输入期间探头输入功率的变化小于1％．当测量工况变化时,探头输入功率会产生较大变化,为此,提出了改进的脉冲衰减法．采用本方法,还可以适当提高脉冲输入期间探头的输入功率以增加探头温升,从而减少探头输入功率测量误差以及温度测量段温度测量误差的影响,提高热导率的测量精度．测量结果表明,由于脉冲-衰减法在推导时没有考虑探头尺寸的影响,造成热导率的测量值偏大;为此,进一步给出了一种热导率的测量值的简单修正方法,经修正后的热导率的最大误差为4．25％,平均误差为2．05％．     

热籽磁感应加温在肌肉体模中的升温效果

 为了探讨不同数量和不同排布方式下,热籽在等效肌肉的琼脂体模中磁感应升温效果,制作琼脂等效肌肉模型,利用模板植入不同数量热籽：1颗、2颗、3×3阵列排布、4×4阵列排布、双层4×4不同层间距排布。在选择的测温点植入热电偶,将植入完成的琼脂体模置于磁极下,进行磁场辐照,测定并记录升温情况。结果表明,1颗和2颗热籽植入体模在磁场中加热后温度可达25～32℃,热籽在体模中的发热功能稳定。9颗热籽植入体模在磁场中加热后,两颗热籽间温度达到37.5℃,热籽阵外1.0cm处温度为30.1℃。16颗热籽植入体模在磁场中加热后,热籽阵列中心温度达到52.9℃。不同层间距热籽植入体模在磁场中加热后,中心点位置温度均达到65℃以上。随着逐渐远离中心点,温度呈下降趋势,在热籽阵外1.0cm处降至42～45℃。层间距1.0cm与0.8cm的结果比较,各测温点间温度相差约1.0℃;层间距1.0cm与层间距0.5cm的结果比较,各测温点间温度相差约3.0℃。因此,本研究成功模拟了等效肌肉的琼脂体模,一定数量的热籽在既定靶区磁感应升温,可以达到肿瘤治疗所需温度。     

铁尾矿砂-膨润土混合材料导热性能

回填材料的导热系数是影响地源热泵系统性能的关键参数.在土壤中掺入石英砂、石墨、铁尾矿砂等导热性能较好的物质可以有效提高回填材料的导热性能.选用铁尾矿砂与钠基膨润土组成混合材料,制备不同掺砂率、不同干密度以及不同含水率的试样.使用TC3000E瞬态热线法导热系数仪测定试样导热系数,分析其与掺砂率、干密度、含水率、饱和度等...