适用于测量沉积物pH的金属氧化物微电极

用改进的高温熔融碳酸盐法制备了铱和钨氧化物pH微电极,表征了金属氧化物电极的各项性能.所制备电极对pH有较好的线性响应,斜率在40～60 mV/pH ,接近理想能斯特响应.实验表明,铱氧化物微电极在长时间工作稳定性方面优于钨氧化物微电极,90%响应时间为5 s.铱氧化物微电极受盐度和氧气浓度影响很小,且经Nafion修饰后不受沉积物间隙水中还原性S2-的影响.把铱氧化物微电极应用于测量厦门西海域和九龙江河口的沉积物pH垂直剖面,发现pH在沉积物有氧和无氧深度界面(4～5 mm)达到最小,20 mm以深趋于稳定,符合沉积物生物地球化学规律.     

葡萄糖在纳米多孔Ir/IrO_x电极上的电催化氧化

主要研究纳米多孔Ir/IrOx电极的制备及电极对葡萄糖的检测.在150μm的铱电极上采用高电位氧化和低电位还原的方法成功的制备了纳米多孔Ir/IrOx电极,并对其进行表征.同时,研究了纳米多孔Ir/IrOx电极对葡萄糖的直接氧化,由此得出的结果是在pH为7.6的PBS溶液中,电位0.7 V的条件下电极对葡萄糖有较快较灵...     

双辉等离子法在Mo、Nb表面制Ir涂层微观结构比较

通过双层辉光等离子体表面渗金属方法,在难熔金属Mo、Nb表面成功制得Ir涂层,并对其微观结构和微观形貌进行分析.制得的铱涂层呈亮银白色,致密且表面均匀,无明显缺陷.XRD研究表明：Ir涂层呈多晶态,并沿（220）晶面优先生长,Nb基体上Ir涂层（220）晶面择优生长趋势明显高于Mo基体上Ir涂层（220）晶面择优生长趋势 Ir涂层由锥形晶构成,致密均匀,没有微观缺陷和微观裂纹.Ir涂层制备过程中,在基材表面形成了一个基材元素梯度分布的过渡层.过渡层的存在使得Ir涂层与基材结合良好 同时,Ir涂层遭受高密度离子轰击,在涂层内部产生高的残余压应力.利用纳米压痕仪测定了致密Ir涂层的硬度及弹性模量,并对其加载卸载曲线进行分析.由于基体热膨胀系数的差异,Nb基体上Ir涂层的残余压应力、表面硬度均大于Mo基体上Ir涂层.     

电化学合成重铬酸钾阳极的制备和电催化性能

针对电化学合成重铬酸钾绿色新技术,采用涂层自组装方法制备了钛基铱氧化物中间层钌铱钛氧化物复合电极(Ti/IrO_2/RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2).利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析了电极的微观结构和表面形貌,并采用循环伏安法研究了电极的电催化性能.结果表明,电极表面RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2柱状结晶规则均匀,并有明显空隙.电极在阳极液中析氧过电位较低,并具有稳定的较高的电催化活性.     

复合式氧微电极结构参数对于性能的影响

为了研究简单可行的复合式氧微电极制作方法,并优化氧微电极的设计,通过统计学分析,确定了影响氧微电极性能的主要结构特征参数.拉制出来的氧微电极对测试样品中的溶解氧浓度的线性响应相关系数为0.998, 氧气体积的最小分辨率为0.037%, 残余电流为(33±2)pA, 搅动影响4%, 响应时间3.5 s.简单相关分析和典型相关分析表明氧透过性膜厚度与响应时间的相关性最为显著,而阴极工作电极直径以及工作阴极尖端与电极尖端的距离对电极性能的影响不大.     

Pt-Ir/γ-Al_2O_3(SiO_2)模型重整催化剂表面特性的研究

通过X射线光电子能谱和俄歇电子能谱对氧化(350℃,空气中)和还原(480℃氢气流中)状态的Pt—Ir/γ—Al_2O_3和Pt—Ir/SiO_2模型催化剂的表面特征进行了研究。试验发现,氧化状态下,样品表面上主要是PtO_2和Ir的高价氧化物以及少量PtO,还原过程使这些氧化物转化为金属,主要是以微细的金属簇的形式分散在表面上。Pt和Ir之间存在相互作用,是形成双金属簇的表现,同时还有少量由于金属烧结过程形成的较大的金属粒子,该状态下的Pt_(4f)和Ir_(4f)结合能较前者略低;SiO_2载体上的铂和铱的原子浓度与在γ—Al_20_3上有明显差异。     

金属氧化物阳极的失效行为研究

对 Ru Ti Sn、Ru Ti Ir Sn Co、Ir Ti Ta和 Pt/Ti电极在 1 mol· L-1H2 SO4 中的强化电解失效行为进行研究 ,结果表明 :Ir Ti Ta阳极的强化电解寿命最高 ,Pt/Ti电极次之 ,Ru Ti Sn电极最低。氧化物层的溶解消耗、剥落以及在活性层和基体间有膜生成是氧化物阳极失效的几种主要原因。     

高钒耐磨合金在不同冷却方式下的高温氧化行为

研究了950℃高温下高钒耐磨合金的高温氧化行为,并研究了在随炉冷却和空冷两种不同冷却方式下的氧化增重与开裂行为.结果表明:氧化初期材料表面发生"暂态氧化",所有元素均参与氧化反应,随后在炉冷时氧化增重比空冷时的氧化增重要大的多,当氧化8 h后单位面积氧化增重分别为82.7 mg·cm-2与39.1 mg·cm-2,炉冷与空冷氧化增质量相差一倍多.虽然在基体/氧化层界面形成了能起到一定保护作用的50～200 nm厚Cr2 O3致密氧化层,但同时也存在疏松氧化层;而炉冷时样品以生长应力为主,氧化层发生"翘曲"现象,但较少引起氧化层脱落.然而空冷时冷却速度较大,氧化层内易产生较大热应力,致使氧化层较易开裂或者脱落.     

亚固溶温度热处理对GH720Li难变形高温合金γ′相的影响

对难变形镍基高温合金GH720Li进行了亚固溶处理、亚固溶+单时效(650℃,24 h→空冷)或双时效处理(650℃,24 h→空冷+760℃,16 h→空冷)以及870℃时效3000 h条件下γ′相演变规律的研究.发现一次γ′相受亚固溶处理影响较大,发生部分回溶的程度随固溶温度升高而增大,时效处理使一次γ′相向球形或近球形转变;二次和三次γ′相在亚固溶保温过程中完全回溶,在时效处理时补充析出明显且析出数量和区域随固溶温度升高而增大;870℃长期时效时,合金组织逐渐均匀,二次和三次γ′相完全回溶,晶界一次γ′相时效500 h后有所粗化,合金硬度先降低而后保持不变.     

亚固溶温度热处理对 GH720Li 难变形高温合金γ相的影响

对难变形镍基高温合金 GH720Li 进行了亚固溶处理、亚固溶+单时效(650℃,24 h→空冷)或双时效处理(650℃,24 h→空冷+760℃,16 h→空冷)以及870℃时效3000 h 条件下γ相演变规律的研究。发现一次γ相受亚固溶处理影响较大,发生部分回溶的程度随固溶温度升高而增大,时效处理使一次γ相向球形或近球形转变;二次和三次γ相在亚固溶保温过程中完全回溶,在时效处理时补充析出明显且析出数量和区域随固溶温度升高而增大;870℃长期时效时,合金组织逐渐均匀,二次和三次γ相完全回溶,晶界一次γ相时效500 h 后有所粗化,合金硬度先降低而后保持不变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that