车载LIDAR技术误差分析与质量控制

为了使车载LIDAR技术的测图精度达到大比例尺基础测绘的质量标准,重点研究了该系统的误差成因及其对点云精度的影响,提出了一套完整的适用于大比例尺测图的车载LIDAR系统的误差控制方案。通过将1:500数字线划图成果与全站仪检测数据进行对比,统计分析了车载LIDAR系统的测图精度,验证了该误差控制方案的可行性,突破了新技术应用于带状大比例尺地形图测绘的质量难题,缩短了外业工作时间、降低了成图周期,为建立车载LIDAR技术"高效率、全天候、小外业、大内业"的测图模式提供借鉴。     

航空摄影测量中新技术应用与发展

随着科技进步,航空摄影测量技术广泛应用于城市测绘、复杂地形及国界等测绘区域。目前,航空摄影测量技术发展迅速,测绘技术向数字化转变,出现了数字航摄仪DMC、IMU/DGPS新技术、LIDAR激光测高扫描系统等摄影测量新技术。本文首先简要论述了航空摄影测绘技术的意义与研究现状,然后详细分析了数字航摄仪DMC、IMU/DGPS新技术、LIDAR激光测高扫描系统等摄影测量新技术的应用与发展。     

无人机载LiDAR测深系统进行海岸带测绘的可行性分析

如何快速获取高精度、全覆盖的海岸带浅水地形数据一直是海洋测绘的难点之一。无人机载LiDAR测深是一种有效的海岸带水陆地形一体化测量技术,利用RIEGL VQ-840-G ALB系统在山东青岛海域开展了无人机载LiDAR测深实验。基于获得的青岛实测ALB数据,从海底点密度、最浅探测深度、最大探测深度、测深精度四个方面定量分析无人机载LiDAR测深系统的测量性能,并进一步分析了无人机载LiDAR测深系统对海岸带测绘的可行性。实验结果表明,该无人机载LiDAR测深青岛实验的水深点密度达603个/m²,最浅探测深度仅0.16 m,最大探测深度(基于平均海面)达6.14 m;通过与船载单波束测深数据和陆上RTK数据对比,水下测深精度为17.6 cm,陆上高程精度为5.2 cm,能够满足海岸带测绘的要求,相关成果可以为我国无人机载LiDAR测深技术研究与应用提供参考。     

基于EGM2008大地水准面的GPS大地高差转换

提出了基于EGM2008重力场模型的GPS大地高差转换为正常高差的方法,以消除区域系统性偏差,对大地高差转换误差进行了分析,并利用平原地形和丘陵地形两个区域GPS/水准点数据,对EGM2008重力场模型和湖北省精化大地水准面模型(HBGEO-2007)进行试验和精度分析,结果表明:本方法在平原地形可达到四等高程精度,在丘陵地形高差中误差为0.043 m,HBGEO-2007高差中误差比EGM2008明显减小。     

城市工程测量中LIDAR数据应用研究

机载激光雷达系统（Light Detection And Ranging,简称LIDAR）,也叫机载激光雷达,是一种安装在飞机上的机载激光探测和测距系统,它集成了激光扫描仪、差分GPS系统、IMU、数码相机。该文通过介绍 LIDAR 技术实际应用及精度分析,说明了LIDAR技术在城市工程测量项目中应用的可行性。论文以安徽省合肥市某县1∶500比例尺地形测量为例,详细介绍了LIDAR的基本原理、地面三维数据的获取和处理方法以及数据成果的检测。     

LIDAR技术及其应用

测绘新技术的发展日新月异,本文通过对机载激光雷达技术(LIDAR)系统的组成、软硬件平台和具体工作原理进行了介绍,对地形数据获取和处理的方法以及在土地利用、城市建设管理等方面的应用做了描述,对应用前景提出预测和展望,为测绘界同仁提供参考。     

机载双频激光雷达样机设计与水陆联测试验

为了识别水下目标和获取水陆一体的三维地形数据,运用机载双频激光探测的原理,建立了水陆联测数学模型,设计了机载双频激光雷达样机,进行了水陆联测试验。运用蓝绿激光扫描技术以实现水下地形的实时测绘,运用红外激光扫描技术以实现陆地目标的快速精细探测,采用机载双频激光雷达技术把蓝绿激光扫描技术与红外激光扫描技术进行结合,先后产生两个激光脉冲回波,结合飞行平台的一维运动,共同构建地表和海底表面的三维坐标点云,获取地表和海底的三维地形,实现水下目标的识别和水陆一体化量测。试验结果显示,每平方米地面点云数量达到12个,水下勘测点云数量达到2~4个,水下测深达到5~7米,既提高了陆地目标的探测精度又实现了水下目标的探测,验证了水陆联测系统的可行性。     

航空摄影测量新技术的应用与发展

伴随着科学技术的发展,航空摄影测绘技术被广泛的运用到城市测绘、繁杂地形以及国家边界线的测绘领域。当前阶段,航空摄影测绘技术快速的发展,测量技术已经朝着自动数字化改变,从而涌现出了数字摄影仪DMC、IMU/DGPS新技术、LIDAR激光测高扫描系统等多种摄影测绘新技术。文章当中阐述了航空摄影测量技术的作用以及目前的研发情况,接着分别对数字摄影仪DMC、IMU/DGPS新技术、LIDAR激光测高扫描系统此三种摄影技术目前的应用与发展情况进行了分析与研究。     

长江中下游河道岸滩低空机载LiDAR点云地形滤波算法

探索新兴的低空机载Li DAR技术,解决长江中下游植被高覆盖、高遮挡区岸滩地形测绘难题。提出一种针对多层次、高密度植被覆盖区的低空机载Li DAR点云植被滤波算法,该算法通过多回波分析对点云进行粗滤波后,采用数学形态学运算获取地面种子点,对地形局部进行趋势面拟合,再通过随机采样一致性检测,剔除植被点,保留地面点,从而获取测区的数字高程模型(DEM)。典型测区试验表明,该滤波算法能解决长江中下游河道岸滩地区地形起伏较大、植被高覆盖区域植被点云智能化剥离难题。根据测区实际情况,设计针对性的滤波算法,即使是植被与地面点云高度混淆、激光穿透率低于15%的复杂情形,仍能有效分离出地面和非地面点。     

基于LIDAR点云海岛的DTM生成算法研究

提出一种基于LIDAR点云的海岛DTM生成算法。先将LIDAR点云数据规则格网化,对每个格网内的点云数据进行三次曲面拟合,在拟合基础上初步区分每一格网内的地面点与非地面点。若靠近格网边缘处有足够多的地面点,则认为此格网内地面点与非地面点可分,记录其中被初步归为地面类的点;若格网四周没有足够多的地面点,则用其邻域格网内初步确定的地面点推测本格网地面信息,并以推知的地面信息确定本格网内点的归属。初步确定的地面点决定了初始地形,在初始地形上对点云进行迭代曲面拟合滤波,从而精确识别地面点及非地面点,平滑地面点数据得到最终的DTM。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has