心音信号的短时傅立叶变换分析

心音信号是一种典型的非平稳信号,短时傅立叶变换(STFT,又称窗口傅立叶变换)是用于对非平稳信号进行时频分析的有效工具.在用STFT分析心音信号时,窗口宽度的选择是非常重要的.一方面,要使用尽可能窄的窗口来保证信号的局部平稳性,另一方面,要选用较宽的窗口来提高频率分辨率.如何处理这一矛盾就成了问题的关键.通过调整滑动时间窗的宽度,达到了比较满意的效果.首先用窄时间窗进行分析,频谱图具有高时间分辨率,得到了心动周期等时域特征参数.进而逐渐加宽时间窗,最后得到高频率分辨率的频谱图,可以看出各心音成分的频谱特征.实验结果表明,不同时频尺度的STFT分析可以很好地描述正常心音信号的时域和频域特征.     

心率变异性现代谱估计对不同年龄段正常人的分析

比较了经典谱估计与现代谱估计在心率变异性分析中的应用,指出了经典谱估计具有频率分辨率低和旁瓣泄漏的固有缺点,采用以自回归模型为代表的现代谱估计对心率变异性信号特别是短时心率变异性信号分析具有优越性,并对不同年龄段正常人的心率变异信号进行了分析和比较,分析结果表明:自回归模型功率谱估计在心率变异性分析中的有效性优于当前所使用的传统谱估计方法;随着年龄增长,HRV信号总能量及各频段能量明显减少.     

Hilbert-Huang变换与大地电磁信号的时频分析

将Hilbert-Huang变换引入大地电磁信号的时频分析中,介绍HHT(Hilbert-Huang transform)时频分析原理及方法,给出仿真信号的经验模态分解及其时频分布,并对实测大地电磁信号进行HHT时频处理与剖析.研究结果表明:Hilbert能量谱随时频的具体分布具有很强的非稳态动态变换时频刻画能力;时频谱的时间、频率分辨率不受Heisenberg测不准原理的限制,且其时间、频率分辨率都很高,有很好的时频聚集性;HHT方法能用于描述大地电磁信号的非线性时变特征,是大地电磁信号时频分析的有效工具.     

基于瞬时频率的窗宽递增寻优的短时傅里叶变换

讨论了窗函数在时频分析中的作用,分析了S变换的缺陷,指出了依据分析频率调整窗宽和使用窄窗均严重影响时频分析效果.以短时傅里叶变换为基础,提出了一种窗宽根据信号自身时变特征进行自主调节的时频分析方法,该方法以瞬时频率的变化作为判断信号频谱结构发生变化的依据,通过在瞬时频率变化之前逐次递增窗宽,使窗函数能够覆盖信号中的局部平稳区域的大部甚至全部,从而可对信号中的各局部平稳段得到最佳的时频分辨率.通过对线调频信号、时变信号和含噪声信号的分析和比较可知,本方法可准确描述信号的时间分布特征,并可同时获得最佳的频率分辨率,且对噪声不敏感,具有一定的先进性和实用性.     

卫星导航系统时间频率性能测度方法研究

对导航系统中的时间频率性能进行评估较为复杂.目前已知的时间频率测试主要是针对单机和分离部件,就时间频率体系整体来研究测试评估方法还较少.通过对导航系统中的时间频率体系的分析,提出从时间频率链性能带限和时间频率的可微度两个方面进行整体性能的分析和测评.时间频率性能带限主要用于分析评估时间频率技术指标分解的合理性、各关联内容技术指标的协调性和一致性.时间频率可微度主要用于分析评估时间频率信号和数据的平稳性.通过可微度分析计算,来评估数据更新、参数建模、模型预报,以及冗余切换、信号控制和保持驾驭的策略和技术的有效性.本文提出并使用这两个概念,研究了对卫星导航系统中的时间频率的一种测试评估方法.     

最小交叉熵在谐振隔离式轨道电路中应用

最小交叉熵谱估计是现代谱估计法中的一种,其分辨率要比经典谱估计高。谐振隔离式频率编码轨道电路,其信号特点是频率间隔比较小,所以要求其频谱的分辨率高,同时实时性要好.本文研究了用最小交叉熵谱估计对UM2000轨道电路信号进行频谱分析.     

地运动信号的时频分析

对实测地运动信号,分别应用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)、Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)、小波变换(WT)和Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)进行了分析,讨论了地运动信号的时频分布.结果表明,地运动信号有多个中心频率,信号能量在0～30 Hz以内,优势频率在12～15 Hz.4种时频分析方法都能反映地运动信号的时频特征,STFT和WVD只能粗略反映信号能量的分布情况,可以给出能量峰值对应的具体时间和频率,但其分辨率单一.WT和HHT可以给出信号能量比较详细的分布情况,WT具有多分辨率特点,但给出的能量分布在一定的带宽内,不能给出某一频率的能量分布.HHT具有自适应性,给出的是某些特征分量的能量分布,也不能给出某一频率的能量分布.     

人体HRV信号的检测及其复杂性分析

设计开发了一种便携式心电监测仪器,用于监测人的肢体心电(ECG)信号.根据获得的心电数据,采用小波变换技术进行心电R峰的准确定位,进而得到HRV序列.对HRV信号进行复杂性分析的结果表明:处于健康状态下HRV信号的复杂度(C(N))要高于处于病理状态下HRV信号的复杂度,且近似熵和复杂度的分析结果一致;处于健康状态下HRV信号的近似熵要高于处于病理状态HRV信号的近似熵.     

基于CQT的乐器独奏单旋律的提取

乐器独奏的单旋律是音频信号的高级特征,单旋律的提取可以辅助作曲创作、音准分析和校正、音乐检索和音乐情感分析等.利用CQT模型进行时频分析,可以更好地获得频率分辨率和时间分辨率,从而实现乐器独奏的单旋律提取.具体算法是以十二平均律为依据,固定12个频率分量和常系数16.82,计算不同频率分量所对应的窗长,动态调整分帧的长...     

基于MaxplusⅡ的短时傅里叶变换分析及仿真实现研究

通过短时傅里叶变换算法原理分析,运用Max+plus II设计了现场可编程逻辑器件实现高速短时傅里叶变换,该结构充分利用蝶形单元运算特点,在满足时间分辨率及频率分辨率的基础上降低了运算复杂度,并在高速率运行时钟下节省了硬件资源.最后,进行了仿真研究分析,达到了信号语谱设计要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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