甲烷爆炸后体系的温度与压力

利用公式ΔU=-0.1196 n/λ.计算了不同浓度的甲烷爆炸后体系的温度,进而计算了爆炸产生的压力.当甲烷在空气中的浓度达到爆炸反应的下限浓度5.3%时,爆炸后体系的温度为1232 K,最高压力为4.13 atm.当甲烷在空气中的浓度达到9.5%时(甲烷与空气中的氧气完全反应),爆炸后体系的温度为1815 K,最高压力为6.09 atm.     

氢气爆炸反应压力探讨

利用公式ΔU=-0.1196n/λ计算了氢气在空气和氧气中爆炸反应产生的火焰温度,进而计算了爆炸反应产生的压力.当氢气在空气中的浓度分别为74%(爆炸上限)和4.1%(爆炸下限),其爆炸反应产生的压力分别为3.46atm和1.71atm;当氢气在氧气中的浓度分别为94%(爆炸上限)和4%(爆炸下限)时,爆炸反应产生的压力分别为3.79atm和1.56atm.     

铝粉在不同爆炸环境中的反应率

利用恒温式量热计测定了两种粒度铝粉的含铝炸药在真空中和空气中的爆热值,分析计算了铝粉粒度及爆炸环境中氧含量对铝粉反应率的影响规律。结果表明,随着铝粉含量的增加,含铝炸药中铝粉在真空和空气中反应的百分含量呈递增趋势;在真空条件下,当铝粉含量为5%～30%时,12μm和125μm铝粉的反应率相差不大,反应率均为33%～38%;当铝粉含量为35%时,两者反应率分别36.4%和29.7%,12μm铝粉的反应率下降趋势较明显;在1 atm空气中,当铝粉含量为5%时,铝粉反应率最高,12μm和125μm铝粉的反应率分别为56.8%和75.0%,Al粉含量为10%～35%时,两者反应率分别为40%～47%和45%～51%。     

惰性气体对奥克托今粉尘云爆炸特性的影响

为了研究惰性气体对奥克托今(HMX)粉尘云爆炸特性的影响,采用改进20L球爆炸测试装置,分别对浓度为300 g/m³HMX粉尘云在空气中以及N2、CO2氛围中的最大爆炸压力及最大压力上升速率进行测定。通过定量分析惰性气体N2、CO2对HMX粉尘云爆炸特性的影响规律,探讨其抑爆机理。结果表明：HMX粉尘云在N2和CO2氛围中的最大爆炸压力较空气中分别下降了42.74%、59.86%,最大压力上升速率分别下降了48.06%、59.99%。说明N2和CO2对HMX粉尘云爆炸特性参数有显著的抑制作用,且CO2的抑爆效果优于N2。     

蒙脱石粉体对瓦斯爆炸特性参数的影响研究

选用天然矿物粉体蒙脱石作为抑爆材料,通过20 L球形爆炸装置和自主设计的5 L管道实验系统,测试了蒙脱石粉体及其浓度对甲烷-空气预混气体的爆炸压力、火焰传播速度等特性参数的影响.结果表明:蒙脱石粉体对甲烷爆炸具有一定的抑制作用,甲烷-空气预混气体的最大爆炸压力和爆炸火焰传播的平均速度随着粉体浓度的增加呈现先降低后上升的趋势.其中,当粉体浓度为0.16 g/L时,爆炸压力下降至最低,比未添加粉体时下降了29.2%;当粉体浓度为0.20 g/L时,火焰传播平均速度最小.此外,结合蒙脱石粉体的元素组成及热解特性分析其瓦斯抑爆机理.      

开敞空间可燃气云爆炸数值模拟研究

基于流体力学控制方程组、Realizable湍流方程和Eddy-Dissipation燃烧模型,建立了可燃气云爆燃的理论模型,对半径为0.5 m的半球形乙炔-空气预混爆炸进行了三维数值模拟,并采用了密度基耦合求解器进行了数值求解.选取了乙炔质量分数分别为5.3%、10.4%、13.3%和15.4%的预混气体,并得到不同质量分数的混合气云爆炸超压沿时间与空间的分布,模拟得到最大爆炸压力与实验结果吻合良好,最大相对偏差为13.79%;在气云爆炸初期,爆炸压力急剧增加,达到最大爆炸压力,在短期内有周期性的超压波不断向外扩散,且当气体浓度处于最危险质量分数时,产生的爆炸压力最大.在工业生产中,应尽量避免气体浓度达到其最危险质量分数,从而预防事故的发生.     

铝粉在不同爆炸环境中的反应率研究

利用恒温式量热计测定了两种粒度铝粉的含铝炸药在真空中和空气中的爆热值,分析计算了铝粉粒度及爆炸环境中氧含量对铝粉反应率的影响规律。结果表明,随着铝粉含量的增加,含铝炸药中铝粉在真空和空气中反应的百分含量呈递增趋势;在真空条件下,当铝粉含量为5%~30%时,12μm和125μm铝粉的反应率相差不大,反应率均为33%~38%,当铝粉含量为35%时,两者反应率分别36.4%和29.7%,12μm铝粉的反应率下降趋势较明显;在1标准大气压空气中,当铝粉含量为5%时,铝粉反应率最高,12μm和125μm铝粉的反应率分别为56.8%和75.0%,Al粉含量为10%~35%时,两者反应率分别为40%~47%和45~51%。     

密闭空间内混合气体爆炸超压的仿真模拟研究

烃类气体与空气的混合气体在遇到明火时会发生爆炸,而爆炸超压可能会对人员生命安全和建筑结构安全造成威胁.为研究密闭空间内烃类气体与空气的混合气体在不同情况下的爆炸超压变化,首先基于经典热力学和气体动力学理论,使用MATLAB软件构建了烃类气体与空气的混合气体的爆炸模型解算程序,然后使用有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了Euler法混合气体爆炸有限元模型,并通过仿真模拟的方法研究了气体种类、空气中氧气含量和烃类气体含量对混合气体爆炸参数以及爆炸峰值压力的影响.结果表明：气体种类、空气中氧气含量和烃类气体含量均会对密闭空间内混合气体的爆炸参数产生影响,且影响规律各不相同;甲烷、乙炔、乙烯、乙烷、丙烯、丙烷这6种烃类气体与空气中的氧气完全反应发生爆炸时的压力均在引爆后的0.5 ms左右达到峰值;这6种烃类气体与空气中的氧气完全反应发生爆炸时的峰值压力从高到低依次是：乙炔>丙烯>乙烯>丙烷>乙烷>甲烷;这6种烃类气体与空气中的氧气完全反应发生爆炸时,均在20 ms左右完成升降压过程.     

基于定容燃烧弹的不同初始压力甲烷爆炸特性研究

在工业生产现场中存在各种储罐,特别是在天然气柱罐区,天然气爆炸冲击波产生抛射物碎片形成多米诺骨牌效应。本文利用定容燃烧弹爆炸实验装置,通过设置不同初始压力、甲烷浓度条件,对不同初始压力下不同浓度甲烷爆炸特性进行了实验研究,结果表明初始压力增大,使甲烷-空气混合气的最大爆炸压力增大,爆炸危险性增加,初始压力对低浓度甲烷爆炸的最大压力影响最大;当量比浓度与爆炸下限之间的混合气体在初始压力增加时的正反馈效应,使当量比浓度与爆炸下限之间混合气体最大爆炸压力的增幅较当量比浓度与爆炸上限之间的增幅大,即当量比浓度与爆炸下限之间的混合气体较当量比浓度与爆炸上限之间的混合气体对初始压力更敏感。分析初始压力对甲烷爆炸传播的影响,对降低罐区甲烷爆炸事故的严重程度具有指导意义。     

密闭巷道内瓦斯爆炸超压场的数值模拟研究

应用计算流体动力学软件AutoreaGas定量研究了截面为3 m×3 m、长25 m的一段密闭巷道中瓦斯爆炸超压场. 通过数值模拟手段分析了障碍物的形状和大小对密闭巷道中瓦斯爆炸超压的影响,确定了形成最大爆炸超压时巷道内的最佳阻塞比,并在最佳阻塞比的障碍物填装条件下,研究了不同瓦斯浓度对爆炸超压的影响. 结果表明,瓦斯空气混合物爆炸超压随着阻塞比的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在7.5%、8.5%、9.5%、10.5%、11.5% 5种瓦斯浓度下,爆炸超压随着浓度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当阻塞比为26.6%时,爆炸超压在9.5%时达到峰值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that