基于预设性能制导律的欠驱动AUV海底地形鲁棒时滞跟踪控制

针对自主水下机器人(AUV)面向海底起伏地形跟踪的实际应用需求,设计了基于预设性能制导律的鲁棒时滞跟踪控制器,实现执行机构时滞下的AUV起伏地形跟踪,同时可提升其航行安全性能.首先,基于航行安全性能函数对地形跟踪误差进行转换,结合时变视线制导角在运动学层面设计了预设性能制导律,为AUV动力层提供参考状态输入.其次,为处理执行机构时滞问题并降低精确建模需求,结合径向基函数(RBF)神经网络设计了鲁棒时滞动力学控制器.最后,采用李雅普诺夫理论证明了基于预设性能制导律的鲁棒时滞跟踪控制系统闭环稳定性.仿真结果表明：所设计的控制器可实现AUV起伏地形鲁棒跟踪,且瞬态跟踪误差时刻处于预设性能范围之内,可提升AUV在跟踪海底起伏地形时的航行安全性能.     

基于多工作点模型的高精度鲁棒伺服控制器设计

为了满足永磁同步电动机伺服系统的高精度应用需求,提出了一种基于多工作点模型的鲁棒控制器设计方法。该方法首先进行标称控制器设计,利用反馈线性化将电机模型变换为含有等价干扰的线性模型,并设计线性控制律,让标称控制系统跟踪参考输出信号,然后设计鲁棒补偿器,抑制等价干扰的影响,最后利用不同工作点的设计结果,确定最终鲁棒控制器参数。理论证明了该文闭环控制系统的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒跟踪特性。实验结果表明所设计的鲁棒伺服控制系统在不同工作点下均具有期望的鲁棒转速跟踪特性和扰动抑制特性。     

基于多工作点模型的高精度鲁棒伺服控制器设计

为了满足永磁同步电动机伺服系统的高精度应用需求,提出了一种基于多工作点模型的鲁棒控制器设计方法。该方法首先进行标称控制器设计,利用反馈线性化将电机模型变换为含有等价干扰的线性模型,并设计线性控制律,让标称控制系统跟踪参考输出信号,然后设计鲁棒补偿器,抑制等价干扰的影响,最后利用不同工作点的设计结果,确定最终鲁棒控制器参数。理论证明了该文闭环控制系统的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒跟踪特性。实验结果表明所设计的鲁棒伺服控制系统在不同工作点下均具有期望的鲁棒转速跟踪特性和扰动抑制特性。     

具有跟踪鲁棒性能的H∞最优预见控制

研究了一类不确定离散时间系统的鲁棒H∞预见控制问题。其中采用一种新的方法构造扩大误差系统,避免对时变的系数矩阵取差分,从而成功构造简化的扩大误差系统。然后针对所求得的不确定系统的扩大误差系统,通过引入带有预见作用的状态反馈,研究鲁棒H∞保成本控制问题,得到确保鲁棒H∞控制器存在的充分条件及H∞状态反馈控制器的设计方法。该条件可以通过求解一个线性矩阵不等式优化问题而实现。所得控制器回到原系统就得到带有预见作用的最优预见控制器。而且,通过引入积分器,实现闭环系统对目标值信号的鲁棒无静差跟踪。最后的数值算例说明了本文理论的有效性。     

基于LMI的4WS-4WD车辆H_∞鲁棒控制器设计

基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)设计了H_∞鲁棒最优控制器以及H_∞鲁棒非脆弱控制器.通过两自由度(2-DOF)车辆模型推导并建立H_∞鲁棒控制系统,此外,定义系统摄动并对摄动矩阵进行分解,进而利用线性矩阵不等式求解控制器.仿真结果表明,H_∞鲁棒最优控制器对侧偏角及横摆角速度的控制效果显著优于LQR控制器.同时,在控制器存在摄动及对侧偏角及横摆角速度进行控制的情况下,H_∞鲁棒非脆弱控制器的鲁棒性能显著优于普通鲁棒H_∞控制器.因此,H_∞鲁棒最优控制器解决了普通鲁棒H_∞控制器控制性能差的问题,H_∞鲁棒非脆弱控制器则解决了普通H_∞鲁棒控制器对参数变化敏感的问题.     

考虑非线性摩擦的电动伺服缸加载系统鲁棒自适应控制

非线性摩擦、外界扰动以及参数不确定性对电动伺服缸加载系统加载精度和响应特性带来不利影响。针对该问题,引入LuGre非线性摩擦模型,建立了电动伺服加载系统动力学模型,将非线性摩擦纳入系统总扰动中,设计了一种鲁棒自适应控制器(ARC);应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器的稳定性。经仿真表明,相较于传统PD控制器,本文所设计的ARC控制器能使电动伺服缸加载系统具有更优的加载力跟踪精度和良好的鲁棒性。     

严格反馈非线性系统的鲁棒自适应逆最优跟踪

针对具有未知定常参数和未知有界扰动的严格反馈非线性系统,结合参考信号,构造了误差系统,并解决了其逆最优控制问题.使用Backstepping算法,设计了误差系统鲁棒自适应逆最优控制器和参数自适应律,从而解决了原系统的鲁棒自适应逆最优跟踪问题,并给出性能估计.仿真结果表明该控制算法的有效性.     

4WS车辆μ综合鲁棒主动侧倾操纵性能控制

为提高车辆的抗侧倾性能及降低高速下的侧翻危险性,应用μ综合鲁棒控制理论,针对四轮转向车辆,以横摆角速度跟踪和侧倾角速度反馈为控制逻辑,合理选择加权函数,设计鲁棒控制器和最优控制器抑制车辆侧倾.经仿真比较,设计的μ综合鲁棒控制器更具有良好操纵性能鲁棒性和稳定鲁棒性,对于轮胎侧偏刚度等引起的侧向干扰具有很好的抑制性能,实现传统四轮转向难以实现的主动侧倾操纵控制和跟踪性能.     

基于主-辅控制架构的无人机鲁棒飞行控制律设计

无人机在实际飞行中易受到扰动与系统未建模动态等不确定性因素的影响.为此,文中提出了一种新的鲁棒飞行控制律设计方法.该方法以主-辅控制器为基本架构,主控制器采用鲁棒伺服线性二次型调节(LQR)法构造,以提供基本指令跟踪控制输入;以加入主控制器后的理想闭环系统为参考模型,基于鲁棒模型参考自适应算法设计辅控制器,以抑制扰动和未建模动态对飞行控制系统的影响.理论分析表明,该控制律能够保证闭环飞行控制系统在存在有界扰动与未建模动态情况下稳定且跟踪误差有界.非线性对比仿真验证了控制系统对各种形式扰动的抑制作用,说明了该控制系统的有效性与鲁棒性.     

基于轨迹跟踪的航天器姿态自适应鲁棒控制

针对存在不确定惯量和空间环境干扰的挠性航天器姿态大角度快速机动控制问题,提出了一种受细胞膜放电模型启发的自适应鲁棒姿态控制器设计方法.首先,为了快速完成姿态机动任务,并尽可能少激发挠性帆板振动,在挠性航天器运动学和动力学分析的基础上,提出了基于预先规划姿态运动轨迹且对不确定惯量具有自适应能力的自适应鲁棒控制器.在此基础上,为了改善机动过程中姿态跳变使系统指向精度和稳定度变差的问题,基于细胞膜放电的动力学模型设计了一种改进型自适应鲁棒控制器.所提出的控制器能够保证闭环系统渐进稳定;当惯量估计误差有界时,对于任意初始跟踪误差,该控制器可以保证姿态跟踪误差一致终值有界.仿真结果表明了所提出的改进型自适应鲁棒控制器的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the