Growth Characteristics of Tetraselmis sp.-1 in Phototrophic, Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Conditions

Tetraselmis sp.- 1 is a new microalgae strain constructed by cell fusion technique. In this paper, the growth characteristics of Tetraselmis sp.-1 under different culture conditions are investigated. The growth kinetic models are obtained, the assimilation of C and NH4^ is investigated and the assimilation efficiency of Tetraselmis sp.-1 under different culture conditions is calculated. The results show that different cul-ture conditions do not have obvious influence on carbon ahsorbance, but have significant influence on ni-trogen absorhance, C:N is maximum under heterotrophie condition, while minimum under phototrophic condition. The assimilation efficiency (η) of Tetraselmis sp.-1 has the highest value in heterotrophic condition and largely higher than those in phototrophic and mixotrophic conditions.     

封闭式光生物反应器集胞藻6803光自养和混合营养培养比较

采用封闭式光生物反应器进行了蓝藻基因工程常用宿主系统集胞藻Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803的混合营养培养,并与光自养培养进行了比较,在两种培养方式下,集胞藻6803的饱和光强基本相同,都为5000lx,当入射光强为5000lx,初始葡萄糖浓度为1．74g/L时,混合营养生长在葡萄糖消耗完（69．5h)时的藻细胞密度为1．36g/L,叶绿素浓度为20．08mg/L,能量得率为16．7％,分别为同期光自养生长的3．8倍,2．3倍和2．6倍,这表明封闭式光生物反应器混合营养培养方式在促进集胞藻6803生长和光合色素合成及提高培养过程能量得率等方面都有显著作用。     

Medium Optimization of Tetraselmis sp.—1 Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the medium of Tetraselmis sp.-1 which is cell fused microalgae capable of growing under mixotrophie condition. Empirical models are developed to describe the relationships between the operating variables (glucose, urea, sodium dehydrogenate phosphate, sodium chloride) and responses (cell density). Statistical analysis indi-cates that glucose and urea have significant effects on the microalgae cell density, but other two factors (sodium dehydrogenate phosphate, sodium chloride) have no obvious effect. The path of steepest ascent is used to approach the optimal region of medium ecanposition. Optimal cell density(2. 638 g dry weight/L) was reached when the operating conditions were glucose concentration(30.75 % ), urea concentration (0.440 g/L), sodium dehydrogenate phosphate (15mg/L) and sodium chloride (28 g/L).     

不同类型光生物反应器的螺旋藻培养特性研究

采用了５种不同类型光生物反应器进行螺旋藻分批培养,发现在相同条件下：光强１００００ｌｘ,温度２５℃,以气升式外循环光生物反应器与鼓泡柱式光生物反应器效果较好,细胞干重分别为２．４３ｇ／Ｌ和２．１５ｇ／Ｌ;当光强为１５０００ｌｘ时,干重可达５．０７ｇ／Ｌ和２．７３ｇ／Ｌ。     

Design of a novel photobioreactor for culture of microalgae

This paper presents the design of a novel photobioreactor for cultivation of microalgae. The body of the reactor with volume of about 40 L is parallelipipedic and divided in five compartments that can be put in series. The optical guides, plunged perpendicularly into the compartments, are upright Plexiglas plates on which side faces there are able to diffuse light laterally and ensure an even distribution of light in the medium. External airlifts through the side columns are used for mixing of culture medium. The external light source is a SON-T lamp mounted inside a projector that provides a conical light dispersion, it is interchangeable and may take different positions. The design offers the photobioreactor characteristics including mainly interchangeable light source, homogenous distribution of light, perfect mixing of suspension of algae, high ratio of illuminating surface to volume of reactor, compactness and absence of contamination. Schemes, view of the photobioractor and data of continuous culture forSpirulina maxima are presented. Foundation item: Supported by the Scholarship of Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Belgium: and the National Fund for Scholars Returning From Abroad Biography: Xia Jin-lan (1964-), male, Ph. D., Professor, research direction: bioscience and bioengineering     

Bifunctional enzyme FBPase/SBPase is essential for photoautotrophic growth in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

From a random insertion mutant library of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a mutant defective in photoautotrophic growth was obtained. The interrupted gene was identified to be slr2094 (fbp1), which encodes the fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase) / sedoheptulose-1,7-biphosphatase (SBPase) bifunctional enzyme (F-I). Two other independently constructed slr2094 mutants showed an identical phenotype. The FBPase activity was found to be virtually lacked in slr2094 mutant, which was sensitive to light under mixotrophic growth conditions. These results indicate that slr2094 is the only active FBPase-encoding gene in this cyanobacterium. Inactivation of photosystem II by interrupting psbB in slr2094 mutant alleviated the sensitiveness to light. This report provides the direct genetic evidence for the essential role of F-I in the photosynthesis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.     

Bifunctional enzyme FBPase/SBPase is essential for photoautotrophic growth in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

From a random insertion mutant library of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a mutant defective in photoautotrophic growth was obtained. The interrupted gene was identified to be slr2094 (fbp1), which encodes the fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase) / sedoheptulose-1,7-biphosphatase (SBPase) bifunctional enzyme (F-I). Two other independently constructed slr2094 mutants showed an identical phenotype. The FBPase activity was found to be virtually lacked in slr2094 mutant, which was sensitive to light under mixotrophic growth conditions. These results indicate that slr2094 is the only active FBPase-encoding gene in this cyanobacterium. Inactivation of photosystem II by interrupting psbB in slr2094 mutant alleviated the sensitiveness to light. This report provides the direct genetic evidence for the essential role of F-I in the photosynthesis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.     

组合转子管式光生物反应器气液两相流混合特性模拟研究

通过Fluent流场分析软件对组合转子管式光生物反应器气液两相流混合特性进行模拟。以欧拉多相流模型、k-ε湍流模型为依据,分别对无内置转子光管、内置两叶片转子管、内置翼片转子管在多种倾斜角度下的速度云图、旋流数、气含率、气相速度、湍动能进行分析。结果表明：内置组合转子能够提高流体湍动程度,促进流体混合传质;翼片转子由于其特殊的结构能够显著增加管式光生物反应器中的气含率,提高气液两相间传质效果,传质效果相较于两叶片转子管和光管分别提高53.7%和26.5%;随着管路倾角由0°增大至90°,流体平均湍动能逐渐增加,内置组合转子后平均湍动能增加更加明显,与两叶片转子相比,翼片转子在0°和30°情况下混合传质效果更好。     

环隙气升式反应器的开发III．高浓度山梨糖流加过程的动力学及控制策略

在全容积１６Ｌ的环隙气升式反应器内，进行了高浓度山梨糖流加发酵过程的研究。根据其发酵过程的特征，建立了流加过程的动力学模型。在此基础上，获得适合该过程的流加控制策略。实验结果表明，采用该控制策略，可使底物浓度的波动范围小于２ｇ／Ｌ。     

雾和霾环境下跑道关闭警示装置灯光的衰减研究

针对目前机场跑道关闭警示装置的灯光颜色没有统一标准,给飞机的起飞降落造成严重影响这一现状,提出给跑道关闭警示装置的灯光颜色制定统一标准是十分必要的。运用Mile理论及其van de Hulst近似计算方法计算不同颜色灯光在雾和霾环境下的传输衰减,并建立雾和霾的衰减模型,仿真分析了不同LED灯光的衰减特性并通过实验进行验证,为跑道关闭警示装置选择符合要求的灯光颜色标准提供理论参考依据。     

光照度及葡萄糖浓度对螺旋藻生长的影响

研究光照度和葡萄糖浓度对钝顶螺旋藻光合自养及混合培养生长速率的影响．在光合自养中，钝顶螺旋藻的生长受光照度的影响，最佳的光照度约为４０００ｌｘ．光照度的减少将明显降低其生长速率。如果光照度低于５００ｌｘ，将观察不到其生长．在混合培养中，光照度对螺旋藻的影响不及在光合自养中显著．在２０００至４０００ｌｘ光照度范围内，螺旋藻的生长几乎不受影响。而且在２．５×１０ｋｇ／Ｌ的葡萄糖浓度下，可获得２．６６×１０－３ｋｇ／Ｌ的最高干细胞质量浓度．光照度和葡萄糖浓度对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响是相关联的：当光照度从４０００ｌｘ降至５００ｌｘ时，如果要获得最大的螺旋藻生长速率，葡萄糖的浓度应该从２．５×１０－３ｋｇ／Ｌ增加至５．０×１０－３ｋｇ／Ｌ。     

自养、异养和混养下小球藻的生长及生化成分

对小球藻在自养、异养和混养条件下的生长状况及细胞的生化成分(如可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素及脂肪酸组成)进行了研究．结果表明：异养和混养培养的小球藻的生物量远大于自养时的生物量;异养和混养培养的小球藻的比生长速率分别是自养时的2．13倍和3倍;光照对混养条件下的细胞生长有影响,但光照强度为2．5klx和4．0klx时细胞生长的差别并不明显．尤其在稳定生长期;与自养生长相比,异养过程中小球藻的脂肪含量明显增加,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量则有不同程度的降低,叶绿素含量大大减少;异养有利于亚麻酸的积累;在混养条件下,光照使可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和叶绿素的含量增加,其强度对细胞的生化成分有影响．     

生物组织光传输的几何推导求解模型

受到光束扩散模型和漫射近似理论的启发,提出了一种改进的光传输求解模型。这个新的几何推导模型采用了光束扩散的思想,但是光束扩散不是由散射系数经验公式直接得到,而是考虑了激光在生物组织中高度前向散射的特点,根据散射角和纵向深度的几何关系推导出来的。该模型还结合了扩散近似中的有效衰减系数作为轴向指数衰减因子。计算结果显示该模型提供了更加合理的光通量密度分布预测,得到的光分布接近蒙特卡罗模拟,而且能更加方便地应用到光传输相关的数值模拟中。     

低温等离子体协同光催化去除甲苯反应机理及动力学研究

采用低温等离子体－光催化技术(NTP-P)进行去除挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)中甲苯气体的研究.主要考察了在等离子体光催化体系中添加O2、Ar情况下,该体系对甲苯去除的作用机制,包括反应机理及宏观动力学分析.结果表明:在发射紫外光的氮等离子体场中(NTP-P-O2)和发射可见光的氩等离子体场中(NTP-P-Ar)TiO2均能提高体系的甲苯去除率,说明等离子体场中产生的紫外光和高能电子均能激活光催化剂TiO2.并且,在NTP-P-Ar体系中甲苯去除率较NTP-P-O2体系下约提高5%,说明在等离子体场中高能粒子对甲苯降解性能的影响要强于紫外光对其的影响.另外,用经典的动力学分析方法,建立了低温等离子体－光催化体系降解甲苯的动力学模型,即kt＝－ln（1－x),其中, k＝0.05e（E/3.86)-0.108 ( E≥2.97).实验对动力学模型进行了验证,模型计算值和实验值吻合良好.     

温度、光照和磷质量浓度对小环藻、大型溞和金鱼藻共培养的影响

为了研究温度、光照和磷质量浓度对生物操纵效果的影响,选用小环藻、大型溞和金鱼藻分别作为浮游植物、浮游动物和大型水生植物的代表种,建立不同磷质量浓度(0.05、0.1、0.5、2mg/L)的水生微宇宙模型,研究不同温度梯度(15、20、25、30℃)、不同光照强度(1000、2600、4200、5800lx)及不同光暗比(10∶14、12∶12、14∶10、16∶8)条件下浮游动物和沉水植物的控藻效果.结果表明:磷质量浓度为0.05~0.5mg/L、温度在20~25℃时,大型溞和金鱼藻生长较好,对小环藻有明显的抑制作用;磷质量浓度为0.05~0.5 mg/L、光照强度在1000~4200lx时,大型溞和金鱼藻对小环藻有明显的抑制作用;强光(5800lx)有利于小环藻、金鱼藻的生长,但对大型溞有抑制;磷质量浓度为0.05~0.5mg·L-1,光暗比为14h∶10h时,大型溞和金鱼藻生长最好,可以达到很好的抑藻效果;当磷质量浓度相同时,温度30℃、光照5800lx时,培养液中氮磷去除率最高.     

滨海砂矿开采新方法的研究

提出了一种用气举和自激振荡脉冲射流相结合的方式开采潜水层滨海砂矿的新方法,研究了气举的数学和物理模型,探讨了自激振荡脉冲射流作为气举装置破碎器的可行性。理论和实验表明：自激振荡脉冲射流不仅能破碎水下土岩层,而且能松散砂矿颗粒,使砂矿颗粒易于进入气举吸头。     

多升温速率等温法的动力学分析在一水草酸钙脱水反应中的应用

用一种新的方法求算热分析动力学的三因子 :(1)用迭代的等转化率法求出较为可靠的 Ea;(2 )用多升温速率等温法判定出可能的机理函数 ,并在 Ea和的基础上计算出 A.用该法对一水草酸钙 (Ca C2 O4· H2 O)脱水反应的热分析动力学三因子进行研究 ,得出其对应的机理函数的方程为 ;f (a) =n(1-a) 1- 1/n;Ea为 82 .83 k J· mol- 1;A为 1.14 2× 10 5～ 1.2 3 5× 10 5s- 1     

单一图像多滤波联合快速去雾算法

提出一种多滤波联合单一图像快速去雾算法。首先基于大气散射光特性,计算雾天图像最小通道图,给出大气耗射函数初估计;利用双边滤波保边缘的平滑特性,对雾天图像灰度图进行平滑增强处理;再以此滤波图作为引导图,对大气散射图进行引导滤波,生成准确的能体现深度变化的大气散射图。为了正确估计全球大气光,采用循环四分图形法求解雾天图像最小通道图中最亮像素;在此基础上生成视觉上较真实的清晰无雾图像。比较实验表明算法去雾效果更完整、视见度更高、速度更快。     

干酪根热解平行反应模型中表观活化能与视频率因子的关联

本文考察了三种类型干酪根以及抚顺和茂名油页岩热解反应的动力学特性,对由平行反应模型所求得的表观活化能及视频率因子进行了数学关联。关联式表明,视频率因子的对数值与表观活化能成一直线关系。由此关系可以推出,所有平行反应在某一特定温度下具有一个相同的反应速率常数。根据直线的斜率,还可以比较不同类型干酪根热降解反应的难易程度。     

碳酸盐岩孔洞模型中超声波传播特性

 以孔洞型碳酸盐岩的小岩柱为对象,采用二维超声波数值模拟与物理模型实验相结合的方法,从运动学及动力学角度,研究了多频率下超声波在不同尺寸、形状及分布的孔洞模型中的传播特性。结果表明,不连续分布的单孔洞,其尺寸变化对声波速度几乎无影响但与衰减系数呈正相关,在相同尺寸下随测试频率的增加声波速度有增加的趋势,衰减系数与频率间呈幂函数递增关系;圆形孔洞、方形孔洞对声波速度影响与孔隙度有关,孔隙度9%为临界值,低于9%时影响不敏感（可忽略）,高于9%时圆形孔洞对衰减系数的影响大于正方形孔洞的影响;椭圆形孔洞的影响与其纵横比有关,纵横比大于1时,随纵横比增加衰减系数的变化幅度较小,反之则衰减系数的变化幅度较大;随孔洞分布集中度的增加,声波速度呈线性规律减小,衰减系数呈线性规律增加。