港口国监督在履行海事安全标准中的地位和发展方向(英文)

港口国监督在有效履行海事安全标准和排除低标准船舶等方面具有重要的作用和意义.讨论港口国监督在海事监管中的地位,分析港口国监督中出现的问题和不足,针对不足之处提出建议,指出发展方向.     

浅析PSC海事安全标准的发展及执行(英文)

通过介绍港口国控制、全球主要港口国控制组织的基本情况和PSC法律基础的国际海事安全标准的发展,对比分析东京备忘录和巴黎备忘录在港口国监督年度报告中关于海事安全标准执行情况的数据,得到国际海事安全标准的发展趋势,提出对船东和有关当局的挑战.     

港口国检查官适任能力的提高

港口国履约一直是国际海事公约得以顺利实施的有效方式.通过分析目前港口国检查官适任能力方面存在的不足,提出如何通过消除低标准的港口国检查官来强化港口国履约能力.     

浅析船舶安全检查与船舶检验

船舶安全检查是海事主管机关为保障水上人命财产的安全,防止水域污染而对船舶技术设备状况和人员配备及适任状况进行的监督检查,它是海事主管机关行使国家主权、履行政府监察职能,实施行政管理的主动行为,按照实施对象的不同分为港口国监督检查（PSC）和船旗国监督检查（rsc）。而船舶检验是为了保证船舶、海上设施和船运货物集装箱具备安全航行、安全作业的技术条件,保障人命生命财产的安全和防止水域环境污染,由国家海事主管机关授权的船舶检验机构所实施的检验。就国内而言,船舶检验机构有中国船级社和各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府交通主管部门所属的地方船舶检验机构。就国际而言,船舶检验机构通常是船旗国政府授权的船级社。     

浅议港口国监督(英文)

随着国际贸易的日益繁荣,应运而生的航运业全球化进程也在不断加快.船旗国的法律体系不同,造成各国对船舶、船员等要求也不尽相同.为使国际间的法律体系有利于航运业的公平竞争和健康发展,分析港口国监督的特点,对比船旗国监督存在的相对优势,充分肯定港口国监督的模式和效果,并建议在互相理解备忘录的框架下制订更多的新措施来履行港口国监督职责.     

浅谈区域间港口国监督合作的重要性(英文)

区域间港口国监督合作在加强海上安全、保护海洋环境以及实施国际海事组织安全标准方面起到了日益重要的作用.介绍港口国监督区域合作的起源、发展及其主要作用,分析东京备忘录相关数据,对如何更好地实施港口国监督区域合作进行探讨.     

中国港口国监督的发展与展望

分析了目前国内实施港口国监督所存在的问题,并结合当前国际国内为正在开展的一些改进行动以及IMO成员国自愿审核机制对港口国监督未来发展方向进行了展望.     

浅谈港口国监督的重要性(英文)

介绍港口国监督的发展历史,从保障海上人命安全和防止海洋污染方面详细阐述港口国监督的必要性.作为船旗国监督的补充和船舶航行安全的最后安全屏障,港口国监督有着不可替代的地位和责任.     

海上事故与海事安全标准的关系

通过分析和讨论基于在国际海运行业中发生的一系列海上事故而诞生和生效的一些国际公约及其所包含的国际海事安全标准来阐述海上事故对于国际海事安全标准的影响,得出海上事故是海事安全标准的诞生之源.     

缔造我国PSCO新形象

PSC-港口国监督指港口所在国对进入本国港口的外国籍船舶所实施的核实其是否符合相关安全公约要求的监督检查。通过对船舶技术状况和船员操作状态的监督检查，对低标准船舶采取包括滞留在内的强制性整改措施，以确保海上航行安全，防止船舶污染环境，维护港口国利益，监督船旗国履约。作为港口国监督的直接执行者，港口国监督检查官（下称PSCO）水平的高低直接决定了检查质量的高低。PSCO的检查主要对象是进入我国港口的外国籍船舶，其涉外性显而易见，PSCO素质的直接影响到一个主权国家的对外形象，     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to