单剂量口灌呋喃唑酮在草鱼体内消除及组织残留研究

按60 mg/kg的剂量给草鱼灌服呋喃唑酮,用高效液相色谱法检测用药后不同时间的血浆、肝脏、肾脏及肌肉中药物浓度,然后用MCPKP药代动力学软件处理药时数据,对药物在草鱼体内消除及组织残留进行研究.结果表明单剂量口灌呋喃唑酮在草鱼血液中主要药动学参数为 AUC 3.756 9 μg*h/mL, Cmax 0.517 6 μg/mL, t1/2α1.524 9 h,t1/2β22.863 2 h,Tpeak 2.229 6 h,k10 1.015 8 h-1,k12 0.124 9 h-1,k210.0654 7 h-1;给药后72 h肌肉和血浆中检测不到药物,7 d后肝、肾中药物消除.     

肝复康滴丸中黄芩苷体内药物动力学的研究

考察复方滴丸制剂中黄芩苷体内药动学的特征,以获得药动学参数为临床应用提供参考依据．给大鼠灌服肝复康滴丸后,于不同时间采取血样,用高效液相色谱仪测定血药浓度,通过DAS2．0药动学软件自动拟合数据获得药动学参数．大鼠灌胃给予肝复康滴丸后黄芩苷药动学行为符合二室模型,按黄芩苷3．6g／kg灌胃后主要药动学参数Ka、tmax、AUC、t1／2（Ka）、K21、K12、K10分别为22．744（1／h）、0．5h、20．43μg／mL、124．296（μg／mL）h、0．03h、0．068（1／h）、2．343（1／h）、5．891（1／h）．药代动力学实验表明,肝复康滴丸中黄芩苷在体内的分布较快而代谢排除的速度较慢．     

诺氟沙星在淡水青虾体内药物代谢动力学研究

在(26±1)℃的水温条件下,青虾一次性肌肉注射25mg/kg诺氟沙星后,用反相高效液相色谱法测定青虾血淋巴和肌肉组织中诺氟沙星含量。青虾血淋巴药一时曲线和肌肉药一时曲线均可以用二室开放模型来描述,诺氟沙星在青虾血淋巴液中的主要药动学参数为:分布相半衰期t1/2α为1.66h,消除相半衰期t1/2β为1.69h,达峰时间T(Peak)为1.82h,峰浓度C(max)为6.0081μg/mL,曲下面积AUC为30.75μg·mL-1·h-1,吸收相半衰期t1/2ka为1.66h。肌肉中的主要药动学参数为:分布相半衰期t1/2α为0.08h,消除相半衰期t1/2β为4.42h,达峰时间T(Peak)为0.03h,峰浓度C(max)为16.72μg/mL,曲下面积AUC为12.34μg·mL-1·h-1,吸收相半衰期t1/2ka为0.08h。结果表明青虾肌注诺氟沙星后,能比较迅速的被吸收,并且在组织中维持较高的药物浓度。     

益脑康片人参皂苷Rb1药动学及生物利用度研究

考察复方片剂中人参皂苷Rb1体内药动学特征及相对生物利用度,以获得药动学参数为临床疗效提供参考依据.方法:两组大鼠分别灌服益脑康片剂混悬液及三七西洋参提取物(灌胃剂量均相当给予人参皂苷Rb190 mg/kg)后,于不同时间采集血样,用高效液相色谱仪测定血药质量浓度,通过3p97药动学软件自动拟合数据获得药动学参数.大鼠灌胃给予益脑康片剂粉末(试验制剂)及三七和西洋参提取物(参比制剂)后,人参皂苷Rb1药动学行为均符合一室模型,试验制剂药动学参数为Ka=22.217 4 h-1、t1/2Ka=0.031 1 h、Ke=0.144 5 h-1、t1/2Ke=4.7979 h、AUC=666.1752(μg/mL).h;参比制剂药动学参数为Ka=5.428 9 h-1、t1/2Ka=0.1276 h、Ke=0.134 8 h-1、t1/2Ke=5.1413 h、AUC=622.526 0(μg/mL).h.由药动学参数求得益脑康片人参皂苷Rb1的相对生物利用度为107%.实验结果表明益脑康片剂中人参皂苷Rb1在体内的分布较快而代谢排除的速度较慢.人参皂苷Rb1相对生物利用度很高,预示可有较好的疗效.     

抗风湿涂膜剂的体内药物动力学研究

考察抗风湿涂膜剂中辣椒素和乌头类总生物碱在生物体内药动学特征,以获得药动学参数为临床应用提供参考依据.方法为给家兔背部按一定面积涂抹抗风湿涂膜剂后,于不同时间采取血样.分别用高效液相色谱仪和紫外可见分光光度计测定血药质量浓度,通过3P97药动学软件对所得的数据自动拟合获得药动学参数,得辣椒素药动学行为符合一室模型,主要药动学参数为Ka=1.160 013h-1t、1/2(Ka)=0.597 534 h、Ke=0.219 206 2 h-1t、1/2(Ke)=3.162 079 h、AUC=22.084 286(μg/mL)h;乌头类总生物碱药动学行为符合一室模型,主要药动学参数为Ka=0.300 004 9 h-1t、1/2(Ka)=2.310 453 h、Ke=0.185 421t、1/2(Ke)=3.738 234 h、AUC=22.389984(μg/mL).h.药代动力学实验表明,本制剂中辣椒素在动物体内吸收分布速率较快,而代谢消除速率较慢;而乌头类总生物碱吸收与代谢均较慢.二者吸收程度均较好.     

药饵投喂下诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾主要组织中的分布及消除规律研究

将诺氟沙星原药(98%)按质量比为1:1 000制成颗粒饵料投喂凡纳滨对虾,研究在养殖模式下诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾各组织中的分布及消除规律。采用高效液相色谱法结合药代动力学分析软件3P97分析诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内的药物回收率、动力学参数、药时曲线等参数。结果表明,诺氟沙星血药浓度时间曲线符合吸收二室模型,动力学方程分别为:C血淋巴=9.236 e-0.662 t+56.938 e-0.01 t-66.174 e-0.985 t,C肌肉=21.491 e-0.576 t+0.328 e-0.047 t-21.819 e-0.726 t,C肝胰腺=30 115.96 e-0.355 t+39.314 e-0.01 t-30 155.274 e-0.378 t。血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺中诺氟沙星达峰时间Tmax分别为1 h、4 h和4 h,峰浓度值Cmax分别为13.527 5 mg/L、1.904 4 mg/L和698.916 7 mg/L,表观分布容积V1/F分别为0.017 L/kg、0.210 L/kg和0.001 L/kg,吸收半衰期T1/2Ka分别为0.704 h、0.954 h和1.832 h,分布半衰期T1/2α分别为1.047 h、1.204 h和1.951 h,消除半衰期T1/2β分别为69.315 h、14.812 h和69.315 h,中央室向周边室转运的一级速率常数K12分别为4.347 h-1、0.098 h-1和0.098 h-1,周边室向中央室转运的一级速率常数K21分别为0.629 h-1、0.081 h-1和0.017 h-1,药时曲线下面积AUC分别为6.764 mg·h-1·L-1、9.538 mg·h-1·L-1和7013.467 mg·h-1·L-1。血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺组织中诺氟沙星浓度水平的结果表明,诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾3种组织中浓度最高的为肝胰腺;肌肉和血淋巴中诺氟沙星代谢较快,在投喂8 h后药物残留接近于零,但肝胰腺组织易蓄积诺氟沙星,其残留时间至16 d才未被检测到。实验实施期间为9月份,平均水温为28℃,因此,使用质量比为1:1 000制成颗粒饵料投喂凡纳滨对虾至少应经过448℃.d后才能消除。     

不同给药方式下恩诺沙星在鲤体内的药动学研究

对两组鲤分别进行腹腔注射、口灌恩诺沙星后,应用高效液相色谱法测定了其组织中的药物浓度,研究了恩诺沙星在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)体内的吸收、分布与消除等药代动力学参数.结果表明:两种给药方式下,鲤血浆、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织的药时曲线符合一级消除二室模型.腹腔注射给药血浆动力学参数:AUC为59.185 6 μg·h·mL-1、Ka为75.762 7 h-1、t1/2β为96.545 6 h、T(peak)为0.073 0 h、C(max)为3.297 0 μg·mL-1;灌服给药血浆动力学参数:AUC为600.296 1 μg·h·mL-1、Ka为0.169 3 h-1、t1/2β为168.287 1 h、T(peak)为3.665 5 h、C(max)为3.266 1 μg·mL-1.这说明腹腔注射给药比口灌给药吸收快,血药达峰时间短,达峰浓度高.     

黄连解毒散超微粉有效成分栀子苷在家兔体内的药代动力学研究

探讨超微粉碎技术对黄连解毒散有效成分栀子苷的药代动力学影响.黄连解毒散分别制成超微粉和细粉,以4g/kg体质量的剂量分别灌服给家兔,采用HPLC测定家兔体内栀子苷的血药浓度,血药浓度-时间数据经药代动力学分析软件PKS处理,比较黄连解毒散超微粉及其细粉中栀子苷在家兔体内的药代动力学参数.结果显示,黄连解毒散超微粉及其细粉中栀子苷的药代动力学最佳房室模型均为一级一室开放模型.其主要药代动力学参数分别为:药物的吸收相半衰期T1/2ka为0.14,0.36h,药物的消除相半衰期T1/2ke为1.70,1.41h,达峰时间Tpeak为0.672,0.957h,达峰浓度Cmax为0.627,0.419μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)为1.899,1.356μg·h/mL,与细粉比较,黄连解毒散超微粉达峰时间提前0.285h;峰浓度提高49.64%;血药浓度-时间曲线下面积增加40.04%.结果表明,超微粉碎技术可显著提高黄连解毒散有效成分栀子苷的生物利用度.     

磺胺嘧啶在家兔体内药代动力学的研究

给三组家兔(健康的、发热的母兔及发热的公兔)10只/组,快速静脉注射磺胺嘧啶(SD)100mg/kg后,于药后不同时间采取心血,用重氮化偶合比色法测定血药浓度并计算出动力学参数。观察到SD在发热的家兔体内动力学变化的特征为:①表观分布容积(Vd)、中央室分布容积(Vc)及周边室分布容积(Vp)的增加,表示药物在体内透过细胞膜的能力增强、从而在体内的分布容积增加;②消除相半衰期(t1/2β)延长,廓清率(CIB)下降,表示药物在体内代谢、消除减慢;③发热时,药代动力学的改变与性别有关,表现在公兔比母兔的t1/2β延长及CIB的下降。说明对发热机体的给药方案应力求做到个体化、合理化。     

山茱萸总甙滴眼液眼内药代动力学及药效学的实验研究

目的 :研制出山茱萸总甙 (COG)滴眼液 ,对该滴眼液的药代动力学进行研究 ,并观察其局部应用对角膜移植免疫排斥反应的影响。方法 :用高效液相色谱法对该滴眼液的药代动力学参数进行研究。建立封闭群大鼠角膜移植模型 ,随机分为 4组 :A组为空白对照组 ,B、C、D组分别为使用质量分数 0 5 %、1%和 2 %COG滴眼液组。用裂隙灯显微镜记录及比较各组角膜排斥反应发生时间。结果 :COG滴眼液在新西兰白兔眼内为一室模型 ,主要药代动力学参数为 :A =4 316 μg/mL ,Ke=2 0 5 6h- 1,Ka=2 5 79h- 1,LagTime =0 198h ,t1/ 2 ,Ka=0 0 2 3h ,t1/ 2 ,Ke=0 2 5 7h ,Tmax=0 986h ,ρmax=1 2 94 μg/mL ,AUC =1 6 0 1μg·h/mL ,其拟合的动力学方程为 ρ(t) =10 6 0 5×Dose×(e- 2 0 56× (t- 0 198) -e- 2 579× (t- 0 198) )。术后各组发生角膜移植排斥时间 ,A组与B、C、D组、B组与C、D组、C组与D组间两两比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。其中作用最强的为C组。结论 :COG滴眼液能有效地防治角膜移植免疫排斥反应。COG滴眼液眼内有效峰浓度出现在点药后 0 986h ,4h基本被代谢清除     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with