大黄鱼cyclin B1和cdc2 cDNA序列特征及组织表达分析

成熟促进因子(MPF)是诱导细胞从G2期转入M期的关键因子,在配子成熟过程中具有重要作用.MPF由周期蛋白B(cyclin B,CB)和周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(CDK1,由cdc2基因编码)2个亚基组成.本研究克隆了大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)cyclin B1(Lc-cb1)和cdc2(Lc-cdc2)基因的cDNA序列,并分析了这2个基因mRNA的组织表达特征,为解析MPF在大黄鱼性腺发育和配子成熟的作用机理奠定基础.Lc-cb1基因全长cDNA 1 882bp,可编码397个氨基酸的蛋白;Lc-cdc2基因全长cDNA序列1 151bp,可编码303个氨基酸的蛋白.基于Lc-cb1 cDNA序列推导的氨基酸序列与6种脊椎动物的CB1氨基酸序列有较高相似性(67%~84%),并具有周期蛋白盒、毁坏盒、以及蛋白酶K位点(RRxSK)等CB预期特征.基于Lc-cdc2的cDNA序列推导的氨基酸序列也与其他6种鱼类的CDK1氨酸酸序列有较高相似性(88%~97%),并具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶催化结构域、ATP结合相关的保守序列(GxGxxGxV)、周期蛋白结合相关的PSTAIRE序列等CDK1的预期特征.可见,本研究克隆获得的2条序列是Lc-cb1和Lc-cdc2 cDNA全长.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Lc-cb1和Lc-cdc2的2个基因mRNA表达具有相似的组织特异性,在性腺中mRNA水平均远远高于其他组织,表明Lc-cb1和Lc-cdc2是大黄鱼性腺发育相关的重要基因.     

人RS21-C6基因的克隆及其原核表达

从小鼠胸腺细胞克隆的新基因RS21-C6的cDNA648bp与人表达序列标签(EST)数据库进行同源性比较,得到71个EST片段,通过EST拼接获得一致性序列,经设计引物,并采用RT-PCR方法,从人新生儿脐带血单个核细胞、肝脏、淋巴结及Jurkat细胞系cDNA中扩增出一700bp的片段,利用快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)方法,扩增其5′和3′端序列,得到此基因的全长序列(1118bp),其中包含一个513bp的开放阅读框,编码170个氨基酸.该基因在核酸水平与小鼠基因的同源性为83%,其演绎蛋白水平的一致性为75%,相似性为83%.此基因的GenBank登录号为AF210430.此外,已成功表达此基因的谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)-RS21-C6融合蛋白,其表达量占总菌体蛋白的32.5%.     

水稻OsICK1基因克隆及其序列分析

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂(ICK)是一种能够影响细胞生长和发育的重要调控蛋白.以水稻(9311)为材料,利用RT-PCR技术,扩增获得了1个新的可能为水稻细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂的基因,命名为OsICK1.核苷酸序列分析表明,该基因的开放阅读框为585 bp,编码194个氨基酸.与Genbank中预测的水稻ICK基因序列(NM_196964)比对,两者同源性为79.84%;氨基酸序列分析表明,该基因氨基酸序列3′端附近存在植物ICK所固有的保守序列,与玉米ICK1保守序列的同源性高达95.5%.     

四膜虫有性生殖过程中特异表达基因TCD3的序列分析

含有CHROMO(chromatin organization modifier)结构域的蛋白参与了染色质结构的调节.本研究从嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)全基因数据库(www.ciliate.org)和基因表达数据库(tged.ihb.ac.cn)中筛选到有性生殖特异表达TCD3(Tetrahymena chromo domain-containing protein 3)基因.该基因ORF为1 005bp,大核染色体中基因全长1 241bp,含有两个内含子.5′-RACE和3′-RACE表明5′端非编码区(5′-UTR)长度为40bp,3′端非编码区(3′-UTR)长度为90bp.TCD3基因预测编码334个氨基酸构成,含有一个CHROMO结构域.CHROMO结构域聚类分析表明四膜虫Tcd3蛋白可能与线虫CeCDP功能类似,参与异染色质的形成和DNA序列删除.     

盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交后代SPLUNC1基因克隆及序列分析

为了克隆盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交后代短鄂、肺及鼻咽上皮细胞克隆1(SPLUNC1)基因cDNA全长序列,本研究根据GenBank上已公布的牛、山羊的SPLUNC1基因序列来设计简并引物,以盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交F1代为材料,克隆出盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交后代SPLUNC1基因的片段序列,再利用RACE法克隆其SPLUNC1基因3′端和5′端,测序后拼接获得SPLUNC1基因全长cDNA序列。结果显示,盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交后代SPLUNC1基因的cDNA全长为1117 bp,5′非编码区(UTR)为84 bp,3′UTR为265 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为768 bp,编码255个氨基酸。预测该基因编码蛋白的等电点5.006,分子量26.57 kDa。系统进化分析表明,盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交后代SPLUNC1氨基酸序列与绵羊的氨基酸序列同源性最高。本研究克隆了盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交后代SPLUNC1基因全长cDNA序列,为后续深入研究该杂交后代SPLUNC1基因的功能奠定基础。     

人Oligophrenin 1样(OPHN1L)基因的克隆

将人Oligophrenin 1(OPHN1)基因编码区2406 bp与EST数据库进行同源性分析,得到一个363 bp的EST AA035622与OPHN1基因编码区一致性为62%,该EST与一个cDNA序列AB014521完全匹配.在ABO14521中设计引物与cDNA文库载体臂上引物行巢式PCR扩增并进行5′RACE,在胎盘cDNA文库中获得cDNA序列606bp,与AB014521拼接成一个6906 bp的cDNA序列,其中包含一个2442 bp的开放阅读框,编码813个氨基酸.该cDNA序列的GenBank登录号为AF141884,并经GDB命名委员会命名为OPHN1L基因.OPHN1L基因3′端与大规模测序的BAC克隆AC005348及AC004782完全匹配,从而将该基因定位于5q21.2～q21.3,并由此获得它的部分基因组结构.     

拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白基因的克隆与分析

β-肌动蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,在维持细胞结构、细胞运动和细胞分裂等生理活动中发挥着重要作用.运用RACE技术克隆了拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)β-肌动蛋白基因,并用RT-PCR方法检测该基因在成体各组织中的表达情况.拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白cDNA全长1 337 bp,5′端非编码区为67 bp,3′端非编码区为139 bp,开放阅读框1 131 bp编码376个氨基酸.拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白与其他节肢动物β-肌动蛋白氨基酸序列的相似性高达98％～99％.系统进化树显示拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白基因的分子进化地位与其生物学分类地位一致.半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,β-肌动蛋白基因在拟穴青蟹视神经节、脑神经节、胸神经节、性腺、鳃、心、胃、肌肉、肝胰腺共9个组织器官中的表达基本一致,具有良好的稳定性.     

日本囊对虾Na-K-2Cl共同转运蛋白基因的克隆与组织表达分析

利用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)等技术在鳃组织中获得日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)Na-K-2Cl共同转运蛋白(NKCC)cDNA全序列,包含14bp的5′非编码区(5′-UTR)、201bp的3′-UTR和3 183bp的开放阅读框(ORF).该ORF共编码1 060个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子质量为117.051ku,理论等电点为6.57,命名为Mj-NKCC.预测Mj-NKCC二级结构由10个跨膜区组成,跨膜区的氨基酸序列和布局均相对保守.同源对比结果显示,Mj-NKCC的氨基酸序列与夏威夷海蚀洞虾(Halocaridina rubra)的Na-K-2Cl共同转运蛋白相似度最高,为77%.系统进化分析表明Mj-NKCC与夏威夷海蚀洞虾、蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)等甲壳动物的NKCC聚为一支.实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析表明,Mj-NKCC基因在肝胰腺、鳃、胃、肠、心、眼柄、肌肉和血细胞中均有表达,鳃组织中表达量最高;在盐度骤变时,该基因表达变化显著,表明其很可能参与了对虾的渗透压调节,在对虾的渗透平衡中发挥重要作用.     

人神经节苷脂诱导分化相关蛋白cDNA的克隆、染色体定位和初步功能研究

通过构建,筛选人18周胎脑cDNA文库,克隆到一条与神经节苷脂诱导分化相关蛋白高度同源的新基因,经HUGO／GDB人类基因命名委员会的同意命名为GDAP1L1,进行新基因的全序列测定,RH定位分析,Blast分析及生物学信息分析,Northern杂交提示GDAP1L1基因在胎脑中高度表达,但在成人脑组织中低表达,新的神经节甙脂诱导分化相关蛋白的表达和功能研究初步提示：全长新神经节苷脂诱导分化相关基因核苷酸序列长1163bp,RH定位分析新基因定位在染色体20q12区,BLASTN,BLASTP,TBLASTN分析新基因的蛋白质序列与人和鼠“神经节甘脂诱导分化相关蛋白1”有58％的同源性,而与人的另一条“类似神经节苷脂诱导分化相关蛋白1”的部分蛋白序列（47－253aa)的同源性达100％,新基因蛋白在3,5端分别多出46aa和114aa的长度,生物学住处分析证实神经节苷脂诱导分化相关基因与神经营养与细胞凋亡有密切关系,全长新神经节苷脂诱导分化相关基因是一个神经营养与发育及细胞周期调控,信号传导有关的基因,可能在肿瘤的发生中具有重要作用,其功能的进一步研究将为肿瘤机理的阐明提供思路。     

Archipelago regulates Cyclin E levels in Drosophila and is mutated in human cancer cell lines

During Drosophila development and mammalian embryogenesis, exit from the cell cycle is contingent on tightly controlled downregulation of the activity of Cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes that normally promote the transition from G1 to S phase. Although protein degradation has a crucial role in downregulating levels of Cyclin E, many of the proteins that function in degradation of Cyclin E have not been identified. In a screen for Drosophila mutants that display increased cell proliferation, we identified archipelago, a gene encoding a protein with an F-box and seven tandem WD (tryptophan-aspartic acid) repeats. Here we show that archipelago mutant cells have persistently elevated levels of Cyclin E protein without increased levels of cyclin E RNA. They are under-represented in G1 fractions and continue to proliferate when their wild-type neighbours become quiescent. The Archipelago protein binds directly to Cyclin E and probably targets it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. A highly conserved human homologue is present and is mutated in four cancer cell lines including three of ten derived from ovarian carcinomas. These findings implicate archipelago in developmentally regulated degradation of Cyclin E and potentially in the pathogenesis of human cancers.     

Cloning,sequencing of the HSC70 gene in Ctenopharyngodon idella

A cDNA encoding heat shock cognate protein 70(HSC70)was cloned from liver of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)(GenBank JF436930).This cDNA was found out to contain2 346 bp in length,including 1 950 bp of complete coding sequence encoding 649 amino acids(aa),plus 89 bp of 5′-UTR and 307 bp of3′-UTR.Analysis of its genomic structure revealed that its corresponding gene contained seven exons and six introns.Homology analysis indicated that it shared 99%of identity with HSC70 of breams and 86%of identity with HSP70 of Drosophila.Fluorescent RT-PCR analysis revealed that at 28℃,this gene was expressed in abdominal fat,muscle,intestines,brain,middle kidney,head kidney,gonads,swim bladder,liver,heart,spleen,gills,and fins with expression level in liver being the highest(p0.05),followed by that in the gonads;at 36℃,its mRNA expression level was increased at first but then decreased thereafter under heat shock stress,indicating that its expression can be regulated by heat shock.In conclusion,cloning and expression analysis identified a cDNA encoding a constitutive HSP70 gene that is expressed in many tissues of Ctenopharyngodon idella and its expression was down-regulated by heat shock.     

Deregulated cyclin E induces chromosome instability.

Cyclin E, a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), is an important regulator of entry into S phase in the mammalian cell cycle. In normal dividing cells, cyclin E accumulates at the G1/S-phase boundary and is degraded as cells progress through S phase. However, in many human tumours cyclin E is overexpressed and the levels of protein and kinase activity are often deregulated relative to the cell cycle. It is not understood how alterations in expression of cyclin E contribute to tumorigenesis. Here we show that constitutive cyclin-E overexpression in both immortalized rat embryo fibroblasts and human breast epithelial cells results in chromosome instability (CIN). In contrast, analogous expression of cyclin D1 or A does not increase the frequency of CIN. Cyclin-E-expressing cells that exhibit CIN have normal centrosome numbers. However, constitutive overexpression of cyclin E impairs S-phase progression, indicating that aberrant regulation of this process may be responsible for the CIN observed. These results indicate that downregulation of cyclin-E/Cdk2 kinase activity following the G1/S-phase transition may be necessary for the maintenance of karyotypic stability.     

A function for cyclin D1 in DNA repair uncovered by protein interactome analyses in human cancers

Cyclin D1 is a component of the core cell cycle machinery. Abnormally high levels of cyclin D1 are detected in many human cancer types. To elucidate the molecular functions of cyclin D1 in human cancers, we performed a proteomic screen for cyclin D1 protein partners in several types of human tumours. Analyses of cyclin D1 interactors revealed a network of DNA repair proteins, including RAD51, a recombinase that drives the homologous recombination process. We found that cyclin D1 directly binds RAD51, and that cyclin D1-RAD51 interaction is induced by radiation. Like RAD51, cyclin D1 is recruited to DNA damage sites in a BRCA2-dependent fashion. Reduction of cyclin D1 levels in human cancer cells impaired recruitment of RAD51 to damaged DNA, impeded the homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, and increased sensitivity of cells to radiation in vitro and in vivo. This effect was seen in cancer cells lacking the retinoblastoma protein, which do not require D-cyclins for proliferation. These findings reveal an unexpected function of a core cell cycle protein in DNA repair and suggest that targeting cyclin D1 may be beneficial also in retinoblastoma-negative cancers which are currently thought to be unaffected by cyclin D1 inhibition.     

Cloning and analysis of a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase gene from Brassica oleracea and the function of its recombinant protein

The full-length cDNA (BoTMT) of γ-TMT is obtained from Brassica oleracea by 3′- and 5′-RACE methods. The 1265 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1044 bp, which encodes a protein of 347 amino acids with a predicted chloroplast transit peptide and two S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-binding domains. Sequence analysis shows that the deduced protein shares 41.8%～86.5% similarity to known γ-TMTs. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR reveals that BoTMT is expressed preferentially in flowers and leaves of B. oleracea. The recombinant γ-TMT protein is obtained by cloning its encoding region into the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a. The protein expressed in E. coli accounts for 22% of total bacterial protein. The enzyme activity assay indicates that the recombinant protein has relatively high activity to convert γ-tocopherol to α-tocopherol in vitro.