供水压力对气水喷雾雾化特性及降尘效果的影响

为了掌握供水压力对气水喷雾雾化特性及降尘效果的影响,基于自主研发的气水喷雾降尘实验平台,对不同供水压力下的气水喷雾喷嘴流量、雾化特性参数及降尘效率进行了测定.结果表明:随着供水压力的增加,喷嘴耗气量以指数形式不断递减,而耗水量以指数形式递增;喷嘴雾化射程和雾滴体积浓度均随着供水压力的增加而增大,而雾化角先增大后减小;随着供水压力的增加,雾滴粒径呈现先增大后减小的变化规律,且供气压力越大所对应的拐点供水压力越高;随着供水压力的增加,气水喷雾对全尘和呼吸性粉尘的降尘效率均呈现先升高后降低的变化规律;气水喷雾对不同粒径粉尘的降尘效率存在差异,分级效率随着粉尘粒径的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化规律;气水喷雾分级效率存在一峰值,位于峰值粒径区域的粉尘保持较高的降尘效率,峰值粒径与雾滴粒径保持相同的变化趋势.在矿山采掘工作业场所进行气水喷雾降尘时,供水压力即不能过高也不能过低,为确保全尘和呼吸性粉尘的降尘效率,应选择接近且略高于供气压力的供水压力.     

风流影响雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降的实验研究

为了确定风流影响雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降的规律,分析了雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降机理,并自主设计实验装置进行了风流影响雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降实验。由实验结果可知:随着风流速度的增大,喷雾场雾滴粒径平均值整体呈增大趋势,喷雾场上风侧的雾滴粒径一般小于下风侧,测点处雾滴的粒径增大值及增大率均不断减小,喷雾场对全尘、呼尘的降尘率分别由风速为0.5m/s时的49.3%和47.5%降至风速为1.5m/s时的42.7%和39.2%。研究结果表明:风流速度越大,越不利于雾滴耦合沉降尘粒、尤其小粒径尘粒。     

新型水动力喷雾降尘器设计与实现

针对采煤机喷雾系统喷雾面覆盖不足、设备老化等问题，设计一种新型水动力喷雾降尘器，并在不同水压下对使其进行性能试验和现场应用。结果表明，同等水压下，新型水动力喷雾降尘器相比无旋转喷雾降尘器的喷雾场惯性力更大。当水压为3MPa时，前者比后者的喷雾有效距离增大28.8%;在3m/s侧向风干扰下，同等水压的新型水动力喷雾降尘器比无旋转喷雾降尘器喷雾抗风能力强，当水压为2MPa时，喷雾抗风能力提高了60%,且随着水压的增大，喷雾的抗干扰能力越大；新型水动力喷雾降尘器喷雾最大覆盖面积和流量与水压呈正比关系，且相比于无旋转喷雾降尘器，其喷雾场更为稳定且均匀。现场应用高压水动力喷雾降尘器后，综采面平均全尘、呼尘降尘效率提高至84.58%,83.99%。     

低压环境对高压细水雾雾滴粒径影响的实验分析

为揭示环境压力降低对高压细水雾性能的影响,本文通过搭建高压细水雾实验平台测量了常压、低压环境下高压细水雾的喷雾流量及雾滴粒径,研究了环境压力的变化对高压细水雾喷雾流量和雾滴粒径的影响问题。实验结果表明：环境压力降低对高压细水雾性能影响较大。在喷嘴流量系数K=3.4、额定工作压力分别为4、6、8、10和12 Mpa下,且环境大气压力为60 kPa时,高压细水雾的喷雾流量从常压(101 kPa)下的0.500、0.652、0.770、0.880、0.958 m3·h-1增加至0.515、0.685、0.812、0.975、1.073 m3·h-1,增长率分别为3%、5.1%、5.5%、10.8%、12%;相同情况下,高压细水雾的雾滴粒径从常压(101 kPa)下的292.6、280.8、255.9、253.9、252.9 um增加至336.9、291.6、277.2、266.9、254.4 um,增长率分别为15%、3.8%、8.3%、5.1%、0.6%。得出低压环境下高压细水雾的喷雾流量和雾滴粒径都将增大。可见在低压环境下高压细水雾仍然具有良好的灭火性能。     

引发剂用量对SA-AA-AM树脂的吸水性及喷雾降尘特性的影响

采用溶液聚合法合成了海藻酸钠-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺(SA-AA-AM)吸水性树脂降尘剂,研究了引发剂用量对SA-AA-AM树脂的吸水率、雾滴颗粒的粒径分布及其对模拟放射性铯粉尘气溶胶的降尘特性的影响,并分析了SA-AA-AM树脂的降尘机制。结果表明：引发剂用量对SA-AA-AM树脂喷雾雾滴颗粒粒径分布影响不显著,90%以上雾滴颗粒粒径小于1μm;随着引发剂用量的增加,SA-AA-AM树脂吸水率和降尘效率均表现出先增加后下降的趋势;当引发剂的质量分数为0.4%时,SA-AA-AM树脂的吸水率最高达到420.21 g/g;当引发剂质量分数为0.3%时,在降尘30 min内,SA-AA-AM树脂对模拟放射性铯粉尘气溶胶的降尘效率最高,达90.94%,比水的降尘效率提高10.84%,比粉尘自然沉降效率提高57.55%,比改性前SA的降尘效率提高了50.91%,表明SA-AA-AM树脂对模拟放射性铯粉尘气溶胶具有显著的降尘作用;粉尘沉降过程中颗粒物粒径从3.278μm增加到4.068μm,说明SA-AA-AM树脂雾滴与模拟放射性铯粉尘气溶胶颗粒发生了明显的凝并作用。SA-AA-AM树脂雾滴颗粒作用于...     

空气辅助喷雾技术的Fluent数值模拟

为降低输煤系统中产生的小粒径粉尘质量浓度,采用空气辅助喷雾技术进行除尘.利用fluent软件建立数学模型,对空气辅助喷雾技术进行相关的数值仿真.利用多相流理论,对影响空气辅助喷雾的相关因素进行分析,得出其主要影响因素是空气速度.研究结果表明:空气相对液体的速度越大,则雾滴速度越大、喷雾角越大;空气相对液体的速度越大,则雾滴粒径越小、雾滴破碎越剧烈、液滴分布更均匀;雾滴破碎粒径与空气速度的1.14次方成反比.将确定的最佳技术参数应用于现场,降尘率达90%以上.     

航空静电喷雾系统的设计及应用

针对固定翼Y5B 农用飞机设计了航空静电喷雾系统,该系统包括航空喷嘴、高压直流电源、内嵌式圆柱电极感应充电装置,具有使雾滴雾化均匀、荷电充分的特点。将航空静电喷雾系统与Y5B 农用飞机配套进行了有效喷幅、雾滴沉积、雾滴飘移和灭虫等试验研究。试验结果表明,与常规喷雾相比,静电喷雾能使雾滴沉积提高14个/ cm2,有效喷幅达到42 m,雾滴飘移明显减少。静电喷雾技术的应用能使雾滴分布均匀,雾滴的沉积效果较好,可减少环境污染,有效提高农药利用率;而航空喷雾技术将大大地提高农林病虫害防治效率。将两种技术结合起来的航空静电喷雾在农林病虫害防治上将起到非常重要的作用。     

基于压力变量喷雾的雾化特性及其比较

讨论了基于压力变量喷雾的流量调节范围、雾量分布、喷雾角、雾滴粒径、速度及喷雾动态特性等雾化特性随流量的变化规律,定量比较了PWM连续式、PWM间歇式和基于压力的变量喷雾的雾化特性.结果表明,压力变量喷雾流量调节范围约为2;随流量的减小,雾量分布向中央集中剧烈,雾滴粒径增大明显,喷雾角、雾滴粒径随流量的变化率分别为1.08°/%,-1.562 μm/%;雾滴速度显著减小;动能中值直径(KEMD)和比能(SE)随流量的变化率分别为-1.50 μm/%, 0.228 7(J/kg)/%,压力变量喷雾的能量利用率低.比较3种变量喷雾的雾化特性,基于压力变量喷雾的流量调节范围最小,对雾化特性的影响最大;PWM连续式变量喷雾的流量调节范围最大;PWM间歇式变量喷雾流量控制对雾化特性的影响最小.     

航空转笼喷头转速及雾化性能试验

为了使转笼喷头的雾滴粒径与作业要求更好地契合,进一步提高雾滴的沉积特性、提升防治效率,研究了影响作业性能的关键因素,包括转笼转速和雾化性能(雾滴粒径分布).在高速风洞中建立转笼喷头转速测量系统,获取不同风速、桨叶安装角度和桨叶长度条件下的叶片式转笼喷头转速数据,进而分析各因素对转笼喷头转速的影响规律;建立电驱动转笼喷头雾滴粒径试验系统,测量了2种电动式转笼喷头CYD-1和CYD-2在不同转笼转速、喷雾流量条件下的雾滴粒径,利用SPSS软件分析转笼转速、喷雾流量和转笼直径对雾滴粒径的影响规律,并根据试验结果建立回归模型.结果表明:转笼转速随着风速增大而增大,随着桨叶角度的增大而减小,随着桨叶长度的增大而增大,且2种叶片式转笼喷头转速在100～11 000 r·min~(-1)均有分布;对转笼喷头雾滴粒径的影响由大到小为转笼转速、喷雾流量、转笼直径;得到了多元线性回归方程,比较拟合曲线与实际数据的差异,验证了转笼喷头雾滴粒径多元线性回归模型的可行性.     

金属矿山气-水喷头雾化特性及降尘能力实验研究

为分析金属矿山多中段高溜井喷头雾化特性及其降尘效果,建立高溜井喷雾降尘实验平台。采用激光粒径分析仪及喷雾实验设备对新型气-水喷头雾化特性、冲击气流对喷雾捕尘能力影响规律进行研究分析。研究结果表明:气、水流量比是影响新型气-水喷头雾化效果的关键因素;当喷头工作时气、水流量比为100～150时,雾化效果最佳,最佳气压和水压区间分别为[0.4, 0.6] MPa和[0.3, 0.5] MPa,雾滴粒径分布在15～35μm范围内;在最佳气压和水压区间内,雾化角度随气压的增加而增大,随水压先增大后减小,最大雾化角度为40°,调整气压是优化雾化角度的主要手段;溜井卸矿冲击气流对喷雾雾滴粒径影响较大,喷雾捕尘能力与冲击气流速度呈负相关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~