不同类型真假词的N400效应

采用不透明词和衍生假词(由不透明词词素颠倒而得的假词)的词汇判断任务,来考察真假词的N400词汇效应,不透明词和衍生假词的运用排除了各种语义整合难度的差异对N400的影响.研究发现:衍生假词比不透明词诱发了更大的N400,而且无论真词是否透明,假词总比真词诱发更大的N400.     

The timing of graphic, phonological and semantic activation of high and low frequency Chinese characters: An ERP study

Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments were performed to compare the time course of graphic, semantic and phonological activation of high and low frequency Chinese characters. In Experiment 1, for high frequency materials, graphic priming produced smaller P200 and N400, while semantic priming produced smaller N400 only, but there were no homophonic priming compared to unrelated pairs. In Experiment 2, for low frequency materials, graphic priming produced a smaller P200 and N400, homophonic priming produced an increased P200 and smaller N400 and semantic priming produced a moderately reduced N400 compared to unrelated pairs. The results suggest that there are some differences of activating lexical information of high and low frequency Chinese characters. Graphic activation emerges first, regardless of frequency. For high frequency characters, semantic activation was found, but there is no phonological activation. Whereas for low frequency characters, phonological activation emerges before semantic activation.     

The timing of graphic, phonological and semantic activation of high and low frequency Chinese characters: An ERP study

Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments were performed to compare the time course of graphic, semantic and phonological activation of high and low frequency Chinese characters. In Experiment 1, for high frequency materials, graphic priming produced smaller P200 and N400, while semantic priming produced smaller N400 only, but there were no homophonic priming compared to unrelated pairs. In Experiment 2, for low frequency materials, graphic priming produced a smaller P200 and N400, homophonic priming produced an increased P200 and smaller N400 and semantic priming produced a moderately reduced N400 compared to unrelated pairs. The results suggest that there are some differences of activating lexical information of high and low frequency Chinese characters. Graphic activation emerges first, regardless of frequency. For high frequency characters, semantic activation was found, but there is no phonological activation. Whereas for low frequency characters, phonological activation emerges before semantic activation.     

Brain potentials during reading reflect word expectancy and semantic association

The neuroelectric activity of the human brain that accompanies linguistic processing can be studied through recordings of event-related potentials (e.r.p. components) from the scalp. The e.r.ps triggered by verbal stimuli have been related to several different aspects of language processing. For example, the N400 component, peaking around 400 ms post-stimulus, appears to be a sensitive indicator of the semantic relationship between a word and the context in which it occurs. Words that complete sentences in a nonsensical fashion elicit much larger N400 waves than do semantically appropriate words or non-semantic irregularities in a text. In the present study, e.r.ps were recorded in response to words that completed meaningful sentences. The amplitude of the N400 component of the e.r.p. was found to be an inverse function of the subject's expectancy for the terminal word as measured by its 'Cloze probability'. In addition, unexpected words that were semantically related to highly expected words elicited lower N400 amplitudes. These findings suggest N400 may reflect processes of semantic priming or activation.     

Interactions between working memory and selective attention

Event-related potential (ERP) was used to examine the interactions between working memory and se- lective attention. We combined two unrelated tasks, one requiring working memory and the other se- lective attention, which were performed by some undergraduates. The ERP results revealed that both congruent and incongruent stimuli in the selective attention task evoked an N400 component, reaching the peak point at around 500 ms. The N400 evoked by incongruent stimuli was more negative than that of congruent, which indicated the difference of semantic N400. Furthermore, working memory load had a significant influence on the N400 evoked by selective attention task in parietal region. And working memory load showed difference in the ERPs of working memory retrieval in central and parietal regions. The ERPs of probe under high working memory load were more positive from 350 to 550 ms post-stimulus; however, stimulus type of selective attention had no influence on working memory re- trieval. The present study shows that working memory does not play a major role in the selective at- tention, especially in ignoring distracter, but it influences the performance of the selective attention as the background. The congruency of target and distracter in the selective attention task does not influ- ence the working memory retrieval.     

奥氏体不锈钢离子渗N组织及性能

采用辉光离子渗N技术对奥氏体不锈钢球阀进行表面氮化处理,改变其表面结构,提高表面耐磨性.选取三组离子渗N的温度,分别为400、440、480 ℃,渗N时间设置为12 h.采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪对渗N改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:离子渗N技术可以大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性.渗N温度为400 ℃时,渗N改性层最薄,耐磨性最差,480 ℃时渗N改性层最厚、耐磨性最好.     

GM(1.N)动态模型在400 m运动员姜波训练中的应用

以400m运动员姜波为个案，采用GM(1．N)动态模型展开分析，通过对相关数据的统计处理，归纳出姜波未来训练的合理化建议，进而预测其发展方向，目的在于探索如何使400m训练进一步走向科学化、规范化。     

低温快速氮化制备ε-Fe_3N

利用溶胶凝胶燃烧法制备的纳米级Fe泡沫,可以有效降低合成ε-Fe3N样品的氮化温度并缩短氮化时间,该Fe泡沫经400℃,0.5 h氮化即可得到纯相的ε-Fe3N粉末.磁性测量表明,所得ε-Fe3N样品具有良好的软磁性能和高频磁性能.     

高铝铜合金激光熔敷层高载荷干摩擦下的摩擦磨损特性

采用激光熔覆技术在45#钢基体上制备高铝铜合金涂层,对涂层进行较高载荷下的干摩擦磨损实验研究,测定不同载荷下涂层的摩擦系数,观察涂层的磨损形貌,测量涂层不同载荷下的磨损失重量,探讨涂层的磨损机理。结果表明:随外加载荷的增加,激光熔覆层的摩擦因数变化很小,其值在0.65～0.83,具有很好的摩擦稳定性,磨损量随载荷的增加逐渐增大,但不同载荷下涂层的磨损机理不同,在100N的较低载荷下,涂层以磨粒磨损和刮擦磨损为主,随载荷增加到200、300N时,磨损失重的主要原因是切削磨损和磨粒磨损,当载荷超过400N时,涂层的磨损形式则以磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和剥落磨损的复合磨损形式体现.     

燃烧合成TiCe_(0.2)W_(0.2)O_x催化剂催化还原NO_x性能

为了扩宽选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂去除NOx高活性温度窗口,运用燃烧合成法制备了一系列Ti-Ce-W复合金属氧化物催化剂.此外,研究了不同空速对该催化剂性能的影响,并尝试直接用燃烧法将催化剂涂覆于堇青石陶瓷载体表面,涂覆量达到25%.实验结果表明:n(W)∶n(Ti)=0.2(n为物质的量)时其SCR性能最好;TiCe0.2W0.2Ox的NO去除率在200~440℃内达到100%;N2选择性在400℃以内均能达到100%;在空速11 400h-1,温度250~450℃时,NO去除率维持在95%以上,N2选择性为100%.     

氮和硫共掺杂的纳米二氧化钛的制备及表征

以钛酸丁酯（TPOT）为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得掺有氮和硫两种非金属元素的纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）,并利用紫外-可见光谱（UV—vis）、红外光谱（IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对其进行了表征。结果表明,该方法的确可以使N和S元素共掺杂到纳米TiO2中,并且使得纳米TiO2的吸收范围拓展到可见光区域,从400nm拓展到580nm．     

几种BC2N超硬材料力学性能与电子结构的理论研究

本文用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）结合平面波方法的第一性原理研究了四种不同相的B—C-N的晶体结构、力学性能和电子结构．结果表明：c-BC2N,d-BC2N和t-BC2N的体弹模量大于400GPa,而cp—BC2N的体弹模量最小-380GPa．其原因在cp—BC2N相中仅有B—c键和c—N键,而不存在另外三种结构中都有的c—c和B—-N键．拉伸时各个方向上都出现最大应力,则在剪切时至少有一个方向上不会出现最大应力,反之亦然．能带分析表明四种Bc2N均具有直接跃迁型结构,Mulliken布居分析表明,C—N,C—B,B—N间存在电荷转移．     

氮掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及光催化性能研究

以双氰胺为氮源,温和条件下采用Sol-Gel法制备氮掺杂TiO2粉末.XRD结果显示:所制备的样品是以锐钛矿相为主、含少量金红石相的混和相;UV-Vis漫反射光谱结果显示:相对于TiO2,氮掺杂纳米二氧化钛(N/TiO2)的光吸收阈值没有发生明显的红移,但可见光吸收强度明显增大.n(N):n(Ti)=0.12:1、煅烧温度400℃、煅烧时间2 h条件下制备的N/TiO2光催化剂的催化活性最佳,可见光下,300 min内可使甲基橙的降解率达到60%.     

液—液相转移催化法合成5—邻氯苯基—2—呋喃甲酰芳胺

在液－液相转移催化条件下，合成了１７个５－邻氯苯基－２－呋喃甲酰芳胺，通过红外光谱和元素分析确定了其结构     

加钛高碳低合金工具钢磨损性能的研究

在无钛GDL-4工具钢的基础上,初步研究了添加钛元素对GDL-4材料耐磨性能的影响.并从材料硬度、摩擦系数、显微组织等方面分析了磨损性能变化的原因.摩擦磨损试验结果表明,加钛后材料的耐磨性能得到改善,在300 N和400 N载荷下,含钛GDL-4工具钢耐磨性能优于高速工具钢M2,在500 N的高载荷下两者耐磨性能接近.     

不同C/N对活性炭颗粒填料厌氧同步消化反硝化的影响

构建以粒径3~6 mm活性炭颗粒为填料的厌氧污水处理系统,厌氧消化菌和反硝化菌在活性炭颗粒表面附着成膜,考察不同C/N对厌氧同步消化反硝化的影响。以葡萄糖为有机碳源,进水中葡萄糖质量浓度分别为300 mg·L^-1和400 mg·L^-1时,较高C/N对NO^-₃-N去除有利,最高去除率为95.21 %;较低C/N对COD和NH⁺₄-N的去除有利,最高去除率分别达到96.00 %和42.43 %以上。研究表明,以活性炭颗粒为填料的厌氧高效处理废水技术是可行的,不同C/N对厌氧同步消化反硝化处理含氮和有机物废水具有较明显的影响。     

Ymer N120改性非离子型水性环氧乳液的制备与性能研究

为克服当前水性环氧乳液的环氧基团含量和固含量低导致的涂料和涂膜性能差的缺点，本文从分子结构设计的角度出发，首先以聚乙二醇400（PEG400）为软段，制备了非离子型水性环氧（WEP）乳液；然后以侧基亲水扩链剂（Ymer N120）对其进行改性，合成了改性非离子型水性环氧（YWEP）乳液，研究了Ymer N120的用量对YWEP乳液和涂膜性能的影响.结果表明，WEP乳液的环氧基团含量（以环氧值表示）最高可达0.36,引入侧基亲水基团后YWEP乳液可在保持较高环氧值的条件下进一步将固含量由30%提高至52%,提高了73.3%.固化后涂膜的拉伸强度由57.3 MPa增大至64.8 MPa.腐蚀电流密度由7.97×10^-8 mA·cm^-2减小至9.99×10^-9 mA·cm^-2.综上所述，亲水基团由主链转移至侧基后可有效提高水性环氧乳液、涂料和涂膜的性能.     

有机膦酸的核磁共振分析

使用400MHz核磁共振仪测定了羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)和甲胺二甲叉膦酸(MADMP)的^1H、^13C和^31P谱．研究了P对H和C的偶合裂分,探讨了N对^1H、^13C和^31P谱的影响．发现P对邻近C、H的偶合作用很强,而N的存在使谱图变得复杂．结果表明核磁共振波谱适合于有机膦酸的结构鉴定,是剖析该类化合物的一种较好方法。     

采区运输巷带式输送机设备选型探讨

通过对采区运输巷带式输送机设备选型的探讨,得出结论:输送机选用DTL100/250型带式输送机;输送带采用PVG1400S型整芯阻燃橡胶带;减速器选用1台M3RSF70+FAN,i=31.5;耦合器选用1台YOXⅡz560;逆止器选用1台DSN038;隔爆型制动器选用1台BYWZ5-400/121;电动机选用1台YB3554-4,N=250 kW;张紧电机选用1台JBJ2-51-4,N=4 kW。     

电流滞环跟踪的双闭环调速系统仿真设计

为提高抗干扰能力和改善动态性能, 设计了双闭环调速系统。 采用由电流滞环和转速外环构成的感应电 动机双闭环控制, 以进一步提高动态特性。 当 1. 5 s 时, 负载由 15 N·m 变为 30 N·m, 转速仍维持恒定的 1 400 r/ min, 同时加强磁链控制, 构建了基于动态模型的异步电动机的多重闭环控制的调速系统。 实验结果表 明, 该系统动态性能更好, 磁链轨迹更接近于圆。