喹啉水溶液与羟基自由基的作用机理研究

利用脉冲辐解技术对喹啉水溶液与羟基的作用机理进行了详细研究,对其瞬态吸收峰进行了归属,初步考察了这些瞬态粒子的生成和衰减行为。研究表明,·OH 与喹啉在碱性条件下反应生成 OH-加合物,生成速率常数为5.2×10~(10)mol~(-1)·s~(-1);在酸性条件下喹啉先与氢离子反应生成喹啉阳离子,它再与羟基发生加成反应,反应速率常数为7.90×10~(10)mol~(-1)·s~(-1),从而为喹啉的氧化降解提供了理论基础。     

理论研究单个水或甲酸分子对乙酰基异构化的影响

在M06-2X、B3LYP、MP2和MC-QCISD水平下,理论研究了大气中的单个水和甲酸分子催化乙酰基异构化的反应机理,发现产物均为CH2COH自由基。研究结果表明,裸反应的活化能为81.2kcal·mol-1,而加上水和甲酸分子活化能分别降低到46.2和29.0kcal·mol-1,表明它们均能与乙酰基通过氢键形成稳定的络合物,以便有效地催化异构化反应。在298K,1标准大气压条件下,通过直接动力学计算发现,裸反应的速率常数为6.49×10-47cm3·molecule-1·s-1,水和甲酸催化反应比其速率常数分别增加24和33个数量级。考虑大气中各物种浓度后,发现裸反应速率为4.96×10-29s-1,水或甲酸催化该反应的速率分别为2.55×107和9.52×109s-1,当大气中水分子或甲酸浓度较高时,乙酰基异构化反应生成CH2COH自由基可能性很大。     

Zn(Ⅱ)-1,3,5-三(2',5'-二氮辛烷基)苯配合物催化酯类水解动力学研究

合成了一个含有六个氮原子的三脚架配体1,3,5-三(2',5'-二氮辛烷基)苯,并用初始浓度法对其Zn(Ⅱ)配合物催化对硝基苯酚醋酸酯(NA)水解的反应动力学进行了研究.得到二级速率常数kZn3L、kZn3LH-1分别为0.0059mol-1·dm3·s-1和0.382mol-1·dm3·s-1.拟合得到Zn3L的去质子化常数pKa为7.44,与滴定所得到的7.52基本一致.对配合物的催化能力与其它模型进行了比较.     

Zn（Ⅱ）－1，3，5－三（2′，5′－二氮辛烷基）苯配合物催化酯类水解动力学研究

合成了一个含有六个氮原子的三脚架配体1,3,5-三(2',5'-二氮辛烷基)苯,并用初始浓度法对其Zn(Ⅱ)配合物催化对硝基苯酚醋酸酯(NA)水解的反应动力学进行了研究.得到二级速率常数kZn3L、kZn3LH-1分别为0.0059mol-1·dm3·s-1和0.382mol-1·dm3·s-1.拟合得到Zn3L的去质子化常数pKa为7.44,与滴定所得到的7.52基本一致.对配合物的催化能力与其它模型进行了比较.     

氮氧自由基对苯甲酮三重激发态猝灭反应的TR-EPR研究

利用TR-EPR技术并结合瞬态吸收光谱方法研究了乙二醇(EG)均相溶液中稳态自由基TEMPO对光诱导苯甲酮三重激发态3BP*的猝灭反应,分析了其中的光化学反应中间体,讨论光解自由基的CIDEP机理,测量了TEMPO对3BP*的猝灭速率常数.结果表明,EG均相溶液中BP*与溶剂分子EG之间存在氢原子转移反应,生成苯甲酮中性自由基BPH·和乙二醇羰自由基Egl[-H]·.E+E/A的CIDEP信号说明TM机理是体系CIDEP的主要机理.另外,TEMPO对3BP*也有明显的猝灭作用,猝灭速率常数为1.40×107L.mol-1·s-1.     

荧光法研究咖啡酸及其衍生物与溶菌酶的相互作用

应用荧光光谱法研究了咖啡酸(CA)、阿魏酸(FA)、绿原酸(CAL)与溶菌酶(Lyz)的相互作用.通过不同浓度的有机酸对Lyz内源荧光的猝灭,测定了各有机酸与Lyz结合反应的stern-volmer猝灭速率常数、结合常数、结合位点数.结果显示在0.1≤c有机酸/cLyz≤5范围内,stern-volmer猝灭速率常数CA对Lyz为2.83×1012 L·mol-1·s-1,CAL对Lyz为3.09×1012 L·mol-1·s-1,而FA对于Lyz为2.32×1012 L·mol-1·s-1(0.1≤cFA/cLyz≤4的浓度范围内),均为静态猝灭机制.CA、FA、CAL与Lyz之间形成了复合物,结合常数分别为KCA/Lyz=1.53×106 L·mol-1、KFA/Lyz=1.36×105 L·mol-1、KCAL/Lyz=1.56×105 L·mol-1,各有机酸与Lyz之间的结合比均为1∶1,有机酸中的-COOH对结合位点数起主要作用.     

基于三角架配体的硝酸钴配合物的酯催化水解动力学与机理研究

利用三脚架配体-钴(Ⅱ)配合物作为催化剂进行了水解催化4-硝基苯酚醋酸酯(NA)的研究.在pH7.5-9.4范围生成钴(Ⅱ)金属配合物(配体∶钴离子=1∶3),在25℃和不同的pH值条件下(pH7.5-9.4),通过观察4-硝基苯酚的释放速率研究了钴配合物催化4-硝基苯酚醋酸酯的水解反应动力学.结果表明,钴(Ⅱ)配合物可以作为有效的亲核试剂催化NA酯水解,水解速率v=(koMbsL[ML] kOH[OH-] k0)[NA],二级水解速率常数为0.197 mol-1.dm3.s-1.     

硅粉常压直接氮化过程的非催化气固反应模型

以平均粒径2.2μm、纯度99.99%的硅粉为原料,采用纯度99.993%的高纯氮气作为反应气体,在1350和1400℃下进行了氮化时间为10～30 min的氮化实验,得出了不同温度下硅粉转化率随反应时间的变化关系.将硅氮反应看成非催化气固反应,建立了硅颗粒氮化动力学模型.通过对实验数据的拟合,得出两个模型参数:硅氮反应速率常数和氮气在产物层中的扩散系数.假定反应速率常数和扩散系数均满足阿伦尼乌斯公式,求得化学反应激活能和指前因子分别为2.71×104J·mol-1和3.07×10-5m·s-1,扩散激活能和指前因子分别为1.06×105J·mol-1和1.12×10-9m2·s-1.利用本文得出的氮化动力学模型对各温度下不同粒径硅粉的转化曲线进行了预测,预测曲线与文献中的实验数据在趋势上吻合较好.     

聚叠氮缩水甘油醚GAP热分解特性研究

在升温速率分别为2℃·min-1,5℃·min-1,10℃·min-1,20℃·min-1条件下,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析技术研究了聚叠氮缩水甘油醚GAP的热分解特性,并在此基础上考察了GAP的动力学参数和热力学参数.结果表明GAP热分解峰温较高,热稳定性较好.采用Kissinger法和Ozawa-Doyle法讨论了热分解的表观活化能、指前因子、120℃时的分解速率常数k,其值分别为196.82 kJ·mol-1、4.47×1019 s-1、3.15 ×10-7 s-1.在218℃时热力学参教的活化熵为127.13 J·mol-1·K-1,活化焓为196.82kJ· mol-1,活化自由能为134.38 kJ·mol-1.     

桃胶多糖酸水解的规律

为有效控制桃胶多糖的水解,以桃胶多糖为原料,用DNS法测定其在pH=1及不同水解温度和时间下的单糖的含量,进而计算出水解度. 结果表明桃胶多糖的酸水解属于拟一级反应类型;在70、75、80、85、90、95 ℃反应时其表观反应速率常数分别是1.72×10-5 s-1 、 3.74×10-5 s-1 、 5.77×10-5 s-1 、 9.41×10-5 s-1、 1.45×10-4 s-1、 2.23×10-4 s-1 ,其水解反应的表观活化能是1.03×105 J·mol-1,反应的表观频率因子是9.72×1010. 在实验温度范围内反应速率常数温度的升高而增大,且两者之间的关系符合Arrhenius公式. 总结出桃胶多糖酸水解反应的Arrhenius公式是k=9.72×1010exp(-1.03×105/RT),进而得到水解度为1-1/exp{[9.72×1010exp(-1.03×105/RT)]t}     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has