汽油在不同碳含量半再生催化剂上的降烯烃规律研究

采用不同碳含量的半再生催化裂化催化剂,考察了催化裂化汽油在不同温度、剂油比等条件下的反应规律.结果表明,催化裂化汽油降烯烃较理想的条件为反应温度400℃、催化剂上焦炭的质量分数小于0.5%、尽量大的剂油比.     

汽油在不同碳含量半再生催化剂上的降烯烃规律研究

采用不同碳含量的半再生催化裂化催化剂，考察了催化裂化汽油在不同温度、剂油比等条件下的反应规律。结果表明，催化裂化汽油降烯烃较理想的条件为反应温度400℃、催化剂上焦炭的质量分数小于0．5％、尽量大的剂油比。     

蜡油热裂解生产低碳烯烃工艺条件的探索

为了探索蜡油作为裂解原料增加低碳烯烃产率的工艺条件,采用小型流化床实验装置,以蜡油为原料、石油焦为热载体,考察反应温度、水油质量比和石油焦装量等条件对蜡油热裂解反应低碳烯烃产率的影响。结果表明,反应温度对蜡油快速热裂解产物分布的影响最大;随着反应温度的升高,乙烯产率单调递增,丙烯和丁烯的产率则存在一个最佳值,总低碳烯烃产率单调递增。水油质量比决定油气与石油焦的反应时间,水油质量比增大,低碳烯烃产率降低。石油焦装量影响着反应器内的反应状态,由反应器设计尺寸决定。在反应温度700℃、水油质量比2.04、石油焦装量60g的优化条件下,乙烯、丙烯和丁烯产率分别为16.36%、10.99%和4.20%,总低碳烯烃产率达到31.55%。     

剂油比对大庆常压渣油催化裂解气体产物分布的影响

以大庆常压渣油为原料 ,针对A ,B两种不同类型的催化剂 ,采用小型固定流化床实验装置 ,考察了剂油比对催化裂解气体产物分布的影响。研究发现 ,不同类型的催化剂 ,其剂油比对裂解气体产物中各组分收率的影响规律不尽相同。对于A型催化剂 ,在反应温度为 70 0℃、水油比为 0 .6 3和停留时间为 1.8s的实验条件下 ,总低碳烯烃收率在 5 0 %以上 ,并且随剂油比的增大 ,总低碳烯烃收率线性增加 ;对于B型催化剂 ,在反应温度为 6 5 0℃、水油比为 0 75和停留时间为 1.7s的实验条件下 ,总低碳烯烃收率最高可达 4 4 % ,并且随剂油比的增加 ,总低碳烯烃收率有一个最大值。用最小二乘法对实验数据进行回归 ,得出了实验考察范围内乙烯、丙烯、丁烯和总低碳烯烃收率随剂油比的变化规律。实验结果还显示 ,催化剂对催化裂解起重要作用 ;不同类型的催化剂 ,不仅裂解产物的变化规律不同 ,其反应机理也会有很大区别     

碱催化猪油制备生物柴油的研究

以猪油为原料,选用KOH为碱性催化剂制备生物柴油。经单因素实验及正交实验研究了油醇比、反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量对生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明:在实验条件下各因素对生物柴油产率影响的大小依次为:油醇体积比>催化剂用量>反应温度>反应时间。最佳反应条件为:油醇体积比4∶1,反应温度60℃,KOH用量为1.1%(油重),反应时间为45 min,产率为91.94%,脂肪酸甲酯含量为96.3%,精制后总甘油含量0.23%。     

利用流化催化裂化汽油生产低碳烯烃联产高辛烷值汽油

用流化催化裂化汽油生产低碳烯烃联产高辛烷值汽油可以在相对较温和的条件下进行。该方法可大幅度地提高丙烯、乙烯质量比,并在汽油烯烃含量降低的同时,提高汽油的辛烷值。以抚顺二厂流化催化裂化汽油为原料,在固定床微型反应装置上考察了反应条件和催化剂对反应的影响。结果表明,温度、油气与催化剂的接触时间及有无水蒸气参与都对乙烯、丙烯的生成有显著的影响。在适宜的反应条件下,使用适宜的催化剂能使乙烯加丙烯收率达到36%左右,并且H2+CH4+C2H6和焦炭的收率都很低。在烯烃含量降到10%左右时,汽油的研究法辛烷值和马达法辛烷值分别升高约5个百分点。     

CoCu-K/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其在合成气制备低碳醇中的应用

通过真空浸渍制备了一系列修饰有ZrO_2的Al_2O_3负载的CoCu-K催化剂,考察了其在合成气制低碳醇反应中的催化性能.与未经ZrO_2修饰的催化剂和未添加碱金属K的催化剂对比,该催化剂显示了较高的原料转化率和低碳醇的选择性.采用加压固定床反应器对其合成气制低碳醇的催化性能进行评价.同时系统研究了温度、压力、空速等反应条件对该反应的影响.结果表明,催化剂在温度260℃,压力3 MPa,空速2400 h-1条件下具备最优的反应性能.     

HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂的制备及催化性能

以整体式堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,经预处理后涂覆HZSM-5分子筛,制备出含不同HZSM-5质量分数的HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用XRD和BET对催化剂的结构进行了表征,在常压微型固定床反应装置上评价催化剂的甲醇制烯烃反应性能,并考察了催化剂中HZSM-5分子筛的质量分数、反应温度、气体空速等与烯烃组成分布的关系。结果表明：HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂中仍保持HZSM-5分子筛的XRD特征衍射峰;催化剂的比表面积、孔体积随着HZSM-5质量分数的增加而增加;催化剂中HZSM-5分子筛质量分数为22.5%时具有最好的活性,在反应温度为380℃、气体空速为820mL/(g·h)的条件下,乙烯的选择性为35.22%,丙烯的选择性为30.95%。     

大豆油酯交换制备生物柴油的研究

利用K2CO3和Al2O3制备固体碱催化剂,将它用于大豆油和甲醇酯交换制备生物柴油.通过实验考察醇油摩尔比,催化剂用量,反应温度和反应时间4个工艺条件对生物柴油产率的影响,最后确定最佳的反应条件为:醇油摩尔比9:1,催化剂用量2%,温度60℃,反应时间4h,在此条件下得到的生物柴油产率为72.3%.     

分子筛型固体酸催化剂用于长直链烯烃和苯的烷基化反应

以分子筛型固体酸代替氢氟酸作催化剂,研究了长直链烯烃和苯的烷基化反应。对各种类型分子筛的研究表明:以金属阳离子交换的Y型分子筛为催化剂,在常压、苯/烯=8(摩尔比)、烯/剂=6(重量比)的条件下,反应0.5小时,烯烃的转化率可达97%以上,苯的单烷基化的选择性在90%以上。提高反应温度和压力可进一步提高烯烃的转化率,当反应温度150℃、压力2MPa、重量空速6h~(-1)时,烯烃转化率高于90%的时间可达100小时以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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