推进式搅拌器固液混合的计算流体力学模拟

为了研究推进式搅拌器的固液混合性能并为设计和优化提供依据,通过建立其计算流体力学模型,探讨了固体颗粒由沉积在搅拌罐底部的初态达到稳定混合的过程.搅拌器旋转、固液两相混合和罐内湍流分别采用多重参考系法、欧拉模型和标准k-ε离散模型进行模拟,初态颗粒沉积由补丁函数实现.根据流速场、固颗粒分布、力矩与功率数据研究了不同工况对力矩、功率和悬浮状态的影响,并改进底部结构以减少底部沉积.数值仿真结果表明:推进式搅拌器轴向循环显著,颗粒分布较为理想,转速和体积分数增加会提高总力矩和功率,颗粒增大则会减小压力力矩、增大切应力力矩,并且加重沉积;底挡板能够减少底部沉积并且促进颗粒悬浮.所建模型和模拟结果能够有助于加深对推进式搅拌器流场特性的了解,并有利于对其进行设计和优化.     

絮凝搅拌器内部流场特性数值模拟

在气液交界面形态对比和LDV试验验证基础上,基于CFX 侵入式实体模型,应用标准k-ε湍流模型对容积为1 L的絮凝搅拌器内部流场特性进行了数值研究.结果表明:下循环区的流体运动速度和速度梯度较大;搅拌强度增加,速度梯度增大;转速对叶轮附近切向速度梯度影响最大,该区域切向速度梯度值与其他区域最大相差两个数量级;下循环区湍流耗散率、湍流动能和涡流黏度较高;在研究转速范围内,转子转速对湍流动能影响相对较大,对涡流黏度影响相对较小.     

卧式双轴搅拌槽的液固两相流数值分析

采用液固两相流的数值模拟方法,针对卧式双轴搅拌器的均质混合,运用FLUENT软件结合非结构化网格划分、Eulefian多相流模型、RNG k-ε湍流模型及离散相模型,在非稳态条件下数值模拟卧式双轴搅拌槽的速度分布、压力分布、湍流强度及颗粒轨迹线的规律,分析不同工况对均质混合效果的影响,并获得搅拌轴扭矩及流场冲刷磨损率.在此基础上,分析搅拌功率、搅拌效率和叶片冲刷磨损率的变化规律.研究结果表明:搅拌功率随粒径增大而减小,随体积分数的增大而增大,与转速近似线性关系;当转速高时,搅拌效率高,且粒径和颗粒体积分数对搅拌效率影响小;当颗粒体积分数大时,磨损量大;当粒径增大时,磨损率先增大后趋于平稳.     

大容量液体恒温槽温度场和流场的数值模拟

针对传统恒温槽流动均匀性的设计需要进行大量试验和测试的问题,本文利用fluent软件,采用重整化群(RNG)k-ε湍流模型,对大容量液体恒温槽内的流场和温度场进行了三维数值模拟。分析了搅拌器转速、搅拌器叶片角度、搅拌器数量以及整流栅孔隙率等结构和运行参数对恒温槽性能的影响。整流栅采用多孔介质模型处理。分析结果表明:采用从上到下依次为45°、30°和15°的变角度三层搅拌叶片,转速1 500 r/min,整流栅孔隙率为0.307 1的双搅拌器结构恒温槽,有最佳的温度场和流场分布。检验结果表明:上述恒温槽工作区温度均匀度为4.5 m K,与模拟结果基本吻合。     

大型烟气脱硫塔的流体动力学模拟及优化设计

对大型烟气喷淋脱硫塔进行合理简化,并结合浆液液滴随机生成模型.采用基于k-ε的湍流方程和基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stocks控制方程,对喷淋脱硫塔进行了空塔和喷淋状态下的热态流场计算.计算结果表明:脱硫塔内入口处流场变化最剧烈,压降损失最大,因此对入口处进行改造可减小压降损失;喷淋浆液液滴对烟气流场具有强烈的整流作用,可以使空塔中的烟气漩涡强度和规模减小.根据计算结果对脱硫塔的来流烟道加以改造,并对改造后的脱硫塔进行了流场计算,计算结果表明,改造后烟气因塔内结构而产生的漩涡已明显减小,流场分布更为合理.     

搅拌器内动/静叶相干非定常流场的数值分析

研究了搅拌器内非定常流场的分布，并与实验结果做了比较，讨论了各种湍流模型以计算的漩涡结构的影响，并预测了非定常流动的精度。研究表明，使用可实现k-ε模型所监控值易出现周期性漂移；使用标准k-ε模型时，在近壁处采用双层区域模型，计算的漩涡分布与实验结果最接近。同时发现，当转速提高到210r/min后，有叶尖涡存在，涡心随转子的叶尖移动，且随着转速的升高，涡的强度增大。     

卧式喷淋塔烟气脱硫的数值模拟

卧式喷淋塔技术是北京科技大学环境中心开发的一种新型烟气脱硫系统工艺,在某些方面克服了立式喷淋塔的缺点,具有脱硫效率高、压力损失小、运行成本低、易检修等特点.但在实际工程中仍然需要进一步的改进.为了研究不同喷淋的布置格局对卧式喷淋塔的内部流场的影响,构建了卧式喷淋塔物理模型,采用Icem软件划分网格,利用Fluent软件数值模拟计算.模拟中选择k-ε湍流模型及随机轨道模型,数值模拟计算采用SIMPLE算法.模拟结果表明:双层喷淋设置时喷雾锥角为90°,上部喷淋高度为距顶部0.9 m,下部喷淋高度为距顶部2.4 m,喷淋层间距为1.5 m时,有效的减少脱硫塔压力损失,降低能耗,塔内吸收区烟气流动的速度均匀,增大了气液接触的频率.烟气的温度适宜于气液反应.总体上提高了烟气的脱硫效率,为实际工程的设计和应用提供指导.     

基于实测数据的西北地区风电场风场及尾流特性分析

基于西北地区某风电场2015—2016年的风速风向实测数据,分析了风电场风塔的尾流特性,并与现有风力机尾流模型进行了对比分析.在此基础上,对在远尾流场作用下的风速风向、湍流强度、湍流积分尺度、概率密度分布等风场特性进行了详细分析.研究结果表明:现有的Jensen模型、Park-Gauss模型与实际工程中多个尾流作用下的风电场尾流特性存在差异.在多风向多尾流叠加作用下,当风速大于10 m/s时,各风塔湍流强度随着平均风速的增长呈增大趋势,风电场内部风塔湍流强度在低湍流段更加集中,外围风塔湍流强度随平均风速的增大速率略快于内部风塔,而湍流积分尺度随平均风速的增大程度总体慢于内部风塔,且外围风塔实测风速更加接近高斯分布.     

固液混合过程的数值模拟及实验研究

基于计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对搅拌槽中的固液混合过程进行数值模拟,研究不同转速下固液相的分布规律,并得到固体颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界转速。结果表明,对于平直叶涡轮式搅拌器,当安装高度为100 mm时,随着涡轮式搅拌器转速的逐渐增大,槽底的中心沉积区逐渐减小,固体颗粒在300 r/min的转速下达到完全离底悬浮;对于斜叶涡轮式搅拌器,固体颗粒在250 r/min的转速下达到完全离底悬浮。通过与实验结果比较,可以认为CFD方法能够较好地还原搅拌过程。此外,通过改变搅拌器叶片的角度以及搅拌器的安装位置,明确了斜叶涡轮式搅拌器更适合固液混合体系,并且在安装高度为直径的0.5～0.8倍时,能够在较低的临界转速下,使固体颗粒达到完全离底悬浮,明显降低搅拌功耗,具有良好的经济效益。     

钢铁厂烧结烟气脱硫技术的探讨

概述了钢铁企业二氧化硫污染的现状和主要控制技术,指出烧结烟气脱硫是有效的控制措施。分析了烧结烟气的特点,主要介绍了密相干塔烟气脱硫工艺,并对烧结烟气脱硫技术的选择提出了建议。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.