三相非平衡线性电磁搅拌改善铸坯凝固组织的分析

采用三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌技术进行了铸坯的静态浇铸实验,并对电磁搅拌过程中钢液内的电磁力各分量的瞬时值进行了理论分析·结果表明,当采用将电磁搅拌器的三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌时,在钢液内所产生的电磁力是脉动的,其大小呈周期性变化,尤其是垂直于磁场运动方向上的电磁力,其脉动的幅度很大·由此认为,当采用将搅拌器的三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌时,所产生的垂直于磁场运动方向上的脉动电磁力是提高等轴晶比率,改善铸坯凝固组织的一个重要原因     

大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌三维电磁场的数值模拟

借助ANSYS有限元分析软件对240mm×280mm大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌磁场进行了数值模拟,系统研究了电磁搅拌参数对结晶器内磁场和电磁力的影响规律.结果表明:磁场在结晶器电磁搅拌器内产生的旋转电磁力在水平截面上形成一对力偶,驱使钢液顺时针旋转;结晶器高度方向上磁场分布呈"两端小中间大"分布特征.数值计算的磁感应强度与实测结果基本吻合.提出了杭钢大方坯45#钢电磁搅拌优化后的工艺参数为电流350A和频率3Hz,实验表明在此工艺参数下铸坯质量得到显著提高.     

方坯连铸凝固末端电磁搅拌工艺优化的数值模拟

利用ANSYS和CFX软件建立了描述160mm×160mm方坯连铸凝固末端电磁搅拌过程的数学模型.通过确立钢液黏度与温度的定量关系,考虑凝固时钢液黏度的重要影响,研究了方坯凝固末端糊状区磁场和流场的分布,以及电流强度对凝固前沿钢液最大搅拌速度的影响规律.结果表明:搅拌电流强度每增加100A,铸坯中心磁感应强度增加250×10-4T,切向电磁力增加1933N/m3,最大流速增加69cm/s.现场实验检验结果表明:60#钢凝固末端电磁搅拌器安装位置处液芯半径为344mm,最佳电磁搅拌频率为6Hz,最佳搅拌电流为380A,此时凝固前沿最大流速为165cm/s,铸坯中心碳偏析得到明显改善,中心碳偏析指数为104.     

影响线性电磁搅拌流场分布的电参数分析

利用ANSYS56软件对单侧线性电磁搅拌作用下的流场分布进行了数值模拟,分析了搅拌器的电参数对钢液流动状况的影响·结果表明,当其他条件一定时,电流的增大可明显提高搅拌作用的强度,扩大搅拌作用的区域·磁场在钢液中的衰减速度应用穿透深度来衡量,其数值大小不但与电流频率有关,而且还与搅拌器的极距有关·当极距小于04m时,电流频率对穿透深度的影响不大;而当极距大于04m时,随电流频率的增加,磁场在钢液中的穿透深度逐渐减小·但电流频率的增加,使钢液内的磁感应强度和电磁力增大,有利于提高搅拌作用的强度,扩大搅拌作用的区域·     

浸入式水口电磁搅拌对钢液传热凝固的影响

在圆坯连铸浸入式水口上施加电磁力,对水口内钢水产生电磁搅拌作用,对水口出流成螺旋状态的液体的传热凝固过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:旋流出流使得铸坯内温度场明显均匀化,加快钢液热量的释放,气隙厚度减小。温度的均匀化,使得固液相温度梯度减小,改善凝固组织、提高铸坯质量。     

末端电磁搅拌工业应用参数的优化试验分析

针对末端电磁搅拌器现场应用存在的实际问题,对工业用末端电磁搅拌器内的磁感应强度分布,用CT-3型特斯拉计在线进行了全面测试.通过对测试结果的理论分析优化确定了现场应用的末端电磁搅拌器的电磁参数为:电流500 A,频率13 Hz,连续搅拌方式,使搅拌器中心磁感应强度达到119.1 mT,电磁力达到574.2 N/m3,固液界面处钢水最大流速达到0.163 m/s.在77B钢和GCr15-1轴承钢连铸生产中取得了显著改善铸坯中心缩松与偏析的良好冶金效果.     

方坯二冷区电磁搅拌器的研制和使用中的若干问题

本文介绍了三相旋转磁场矩形搅拌器的研制和应用中的主要问题;较详细地阐述了搅拌器类型的选择及其断面的确定、搅拌器的安装位置、搅拌强度的确定、搅拌强度的表示方法及其调整、搅拌时间、白亮带等问题;指出把水平旋转型搅拌器用于“宽厚比”较大的矩形坯的搅拌是可行的,可改善铸坯和中间坯的质量,提高成坯率和成材率。     

CSP结晶器内钢液流动及凝固的数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法,建立CSP漏斗型结晶器内钢液流动及凝固传热耦合模型。针对结晶器内铸坯角部受到强冷的特点,对结晶器内热流密度采用修正方程进行计算,分析热流密度修正系数对铸坯凝固坯壳表面温度计算精度的影响。通过比较不同拉坯速率下结晶器内钢液凝固的特点,研究凝固坯壳对结晶器内钢液流动行为的影响。结果表明,采用热流密度修正系数后,铸坯凝固坯壳角部温度的计算值与实际情况更相符;提高拉坯速率可使铸坯凝固坯壳厚度减小;拉坯速率较大时凝固坯壳厚度随铸坯距弯月面距离的增大基本呈线性增长,拉坯速率为3m/min时,凝固坯壳在生长过程中厚度的增长有短暂的停滞现象;凝固坯壳对钢液流动的影响较大,主要是由钢液有效流动区域减少及两相区额外动量阻损造成的。     

铝熔炼炉内电磁搅拌磁场的数值模拟

针对某厂50 t铝熔炼炉与电磁搅拌器,采用ANSYS软件建立三维有限元模型,对熔炼炉内电磁搅拌磁场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:电磁搅拌器在其周围空间产生交变磁场,其变化周期等于加载的低频交流电周期;磁场向右呈波浪式移动,当加载电流频率为0.4 Hz时,行波移动速度为1.44 m/s;磁感应强度在铝液水平层内由边缘向中部逐渐增大,并沿铝液高度方向迅速衰减;铝液底层的电磁搅拌器垂直投影区域磁感应强度较大,为搅拌作用的核心区域;磁感应强度的仿真结果与实测结果基本吻合。     

电磁搅拌对钢坯凝固过程中热工参数的影响

采用自行设计的单侧冷却凝固实验装置进行了有无电磁搅拌作用下钢坯的凝固实验,并通过计算机数据采集系统对钢坯凝固过程中的各种热工参数进行了实时测试和分析·研究结果表明:施加电磁搅拌以后,钢坯凝固初期的铸型热流量明显增加,促进了铸型内钢液过热的耗散,使得钢坯内的温度分布趋于均匀,降低了凝固前沿的温度梯度·这不仅抑制了柱状晶的发展,同时易于在钢液内部同时形核,有利于等轴晶凝固组织的形成,使得钢坯的等轴晶比率由无电磁搅拌作用下的47%提高到76%·这也说明了电磁搅拌促进钢液中的过热耗散是提高铸坯凝固组织中等轴晶比率的重要原因之一·     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~