基于多模型模糊核聚类方法的污水处理过程软测量建模

针对污水处理过程高度非线性及强耦合性的特点,基于多个模型的组合可以提高模型精度和鲁棒性的思想,提出了一种基于模糊核聚类的多最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模方法。该方法根据不同工况使用模糊核聚类算法对输入数据进行聚类划分,针对每个聚类子集用最小二乘支持向量机方法建立子模型,最终通过子模型切换策略得到系统输出。在污水处理过程仿真平台展开验证工作,对生化需氧量BOD的软测量进行建模,获得了良好的实验结果。     

基于聚类的鲁棒最小二乘支持向量机

现实数据集通常是呈非线性分布的,虽然很多最小二乘支持向量机算法利用分治策略可以对这一类数据集进行建模,但是由于子模型缺乏鲁棒性,所建的总体模型易受噪声的干扰进而失效。为了对带有噪声的数据集建模,提出了一种基于聚类的鲁棒的最小二乘支持向量机。首先,使用聚类方法将样本分成几个子数据集,每一个子数据集对可以相应地建立一个局部的最小二乘支持向量机来获取对应子数据集的局部动态性。其次,通过在损失函数里加入一个全局正则化因子,使得局部子模型间能够智能地协调,保证建立的全局模型不仅是光滑连续的,同时具有良好的泛化性和鲁棒性。数学和实际例子表明,对于含有噪声的样本集,所提出的方法具有更好的建模效果。     

基于自适应最小二乘支持向量机的预测函数控制

提出一种基于最小二乘支持向量机在线建模的自适应函数预测控制算法.该方法提出一种新样本与模型节点的相似性计算方法,结合预测误差与过程先验知识给出控制模型节点的加入准则,使其自适应调整模型的复杂度,保证模型系数的稀疏性,有效地提高建模的精度和速度;给出增加节点和删除最早节点时最小二乘支持向量机模型更新的在线递推形式;基于局部在线最小二乘支持向量机的线性化模型,给出了自适应预测函数控制算法.以pH中和控制作为仿真实例,结果表明该算法的有效性.     

球磨机制粉过程煤粉粒度FCM-SVRs软测量建模

根据多个模型相加可以提高整体预测精度和鲁棒性的思想,提出了一种基于模糊C均值聚类(FCM)算法的煤粉粒度多最小二乘支持向量机回归(MLS-SVRs)软测量模型.采用变长度染色体的遗传算法同时优化模糊聚类数和聚类中心,每种聚类子集用LS-SVRs进行局部模型的建立和训练,再用模糊聚类后产生的隶属度将各子模型的输出加权求和得到最后软测量结果.仿真结果表明该软测量模型具有更好的泛化结果和预测精度,可以满足煤粉制备过程实时控制的在线软测量要求.     

基于相空间重构和支持向量机的小麦条锈病预测方法

小麦条锈病预测对小麦灾害的预防和控制具有十分重要的意义.本文使用相空间重构和最小二乘支持向量机相结合的方法对成都市小麦条锈病发病率进行预测.实验中使用成都地区的气象数据作为模型的输入参数,发病率作为模型的输出参数,对20例发病病例样本进行预测,得到了比较好的预测效果.实验中还与简单最小二乘支持向量机预测结果作了对比,结果表明,相空间重构和最小二乘支持向量机结合的模型预测准确率明显高于简单最小二乘支持向量机,因此本模型对小麦条锈病预测是十分有效的.     

基于混沌优化支持向量机的板形预测与优化

针对带钢热连轧中板形控制问题, 提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机模型的预测和优化算法. 在分析最小二乘支持向量机数学预测模型的基础上, 提出了一种改进的变尺度混沌优化方法, 结合实数编码遗传算法, 进行最优模型参数的搜索. 利用在线实测数据对模型进行训练并进行带钢平直度指数的预测, 并对模型输入参数中的控制参数进行优化以实现板形控制的优化. 仿真结果表明, 与BP神经网络相比, 板形预测精度得到提高, 平直度指数优化约40%, 为进一步提高热连轧板形控制精度提供了一种新的有效方法.     

基于优化最小二乘支持向量机的数控机床热误差建模分析

数控机床热误差是降低加工精度的主要因素之一.针对热误差建模问题, 结合布谷鸟算法的随机莱维飞行机制和最小二乘支持向量机结构风险最小化与线性规划等优点, 提出基于布谷鸟算法优化最小二乘支持向量机的热误差建模方法.在最小二乘支持向量机将低维非线性问题转化为高维线性问题时, 构建了混合核函数.同时,采用布谷鸟算法对最小二乘支持向量机惩罚因子γ、核宽度参数σ和混合核权值λ进行了优化.以GMC2000A机床为实验对象, 分别对热误差数据进行了聚类分析和建模分析.通过误差预测对比分析得出结论, 基于布谷鸟算法优化混合核最小二乘支持向量机建立的误差模型取得了良好的预测效果, 且明显优于BP神经网络模型和未优化的最小二乘支持向量机模型的预测效果.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的风速组合预测模型

探讨了基于最小二乘支持向量机的组合预测模型在风速短期预测中的可行性.该模型以BP神经网络、RBF神经网络、粒子群BP神经网络3种预测模型的风速预测值作为组合预测模型的输入,实际风速值为输出,利用最小二乘支持向量机回归算法构造风速间的非线性关系,以实现风速多步预测.将该模型的预测性能与BP神经网络组合预测模型、线性组合预测模型进行比较,通过平均绝对误差、误差平方和、平均相对误差3个指标进行评价.结果表明,最小二乘支持向量机预测模型的平均相对误差低于6%,其他误差指标也明显低于其他预测模型.因此,最小二乘支持向量机组合预测模型预测精度不仅高于任一单项预测模型预测精度,而且高于传统的线性组合预测模型与一般BP神经网络组合预测模型.验证了该模型在风速预测中的可行性.     

一种基于最小二乘支持向量机的葡萄酒品质评判模型

对源自UCI数据库的葡萄酒数据进行预处理,选取径向基函数作为最小二乘支持向量机的核函数;然后,根据"一对一"算法设计出最小二乘支持向量机多元分类器,并应用交叉验证算法对参数寻优,建立葡萄酒质量评判模型.同时,用BP神经网络、标准支持向量机分类器对葡萄酒进行训练.对比实验结果表明:最小二乘支持向量机比BP神经网络、标准支持向量机的平均分类准确率高,最高分类准确率为100%.     

最小二乘支持向量机鲁棒回归算法研究

最小二乘支持向量机因模型学习过程中以二次损失函数为经验风险,造成学习结果对噪声特别敏感。鉴于实际问题中噪声不可避免、不可预测,且分布规律难寻,该文主要研究最小二乘支持向量机的鲁棒性增强算法,以提高其抵抗噪声与异常值的能力。通过分析得知,样本的局部异常因子与噪声大小间具有很大的相关性,因此提出了用于非线性回归问题的局部异常因子概念;并将其应用于最小二乘支持向量机模型学习时最优损失函数的确定中,提出了基于样本局部异常因子的直接加权最小二乘支持向量机鲁棒回归算法。为验证所提出算法的性能,该文最后以2个典型非线性对象为例,将其与原最小二乘支持向量机、文献中已有的基于预估噪声分布的加权最小二乘支持向量机进行了对比。对比结果表明,所提出的直接加权最小二乘支持向量机算法具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-