Enhancement of the immobilization and discrimination of DNA probe on a biosensor using gold nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have been widely utilized in biological research in recent years. 1,6-Hexanedithiol was used as the medium in this work to attach Au nanoparticles on the gold plates. We studied the immobilization and hybridization of DNA probes onto the resulted plates using the quartz crystal microbalance method. Approximately 3–5 times adsorption enhancement of HS-DNA on the plates was obtained under our experimental conditions. Using this DNA sensor, the sensitivity was promoted by approximately three times to 0.35 ώg/mL.     

ZVI柱还原TCE及ZVI表面特性研究

采用ZVI还原地下水中的TCE污染,研究了铁柱长期运行期间pH值及TCE去除率的变化,并对铁粉表面覆盖物进行了SEM,EDS及Roman光谱分析。实验结果表明：随着运行时间的持续增加,处理水pH值不断升高;在运行末期出水的TCE浓度最小值为0.35mg/L,TCE去除率最大值为93%;铁粉表面有少量沉淀覆盖,沉淀物为铁的氧化物及碳酸钙,尚未对ZVI与TCE的反应产生抑制作用。     

One-step and high-density protein immobilization on epoxysilane-modified silica nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles are most commonly modified with amino-silanes, followed by post-modification activation for protein immobilization. In this work, epoxy-functionalized silica nanoparticles were prepared by modification with glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane （GPTMS） for direct protein immobilization. Silica nanoparticles possessed an average size of 46 nm, but increased to 63 nm after GPTMS modification. Reaction time, reaction temperature and GPTMS content had no significant effect on par- ticle size. Zeta potential of SiO2 changed from -26mV to ＋38mV after modification. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed alkyl C--H bending and stretching bands at 2944 cm-1, 1343 cm-1 and 1465 cm-1, respectively, for the modified nanoparticles. Fluorescein cadaverine was found to bind to GPTMS-modified SiO2, but not to bare SiO2, indicating the chemical reactivity of epoxy groups on the modified nanoparticle with amines. Finally, fluorescenUy labeled bovine serum albumin （BSA） was used as a model protein to investigate the capacity of epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticles for protein immobilization. The results showed that more proteins were immobilized on the particle with longer reaction time, higher NaCI concentration, lower pH, and less GPTMS content. More importantly, proteins bound to epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticle were highly stable. Under optimized reaction conditions, as much as 25 mg BSA/g nanoparticle was covalentiy attached to the nanoparticle. The epoxy silane modification of silica nanoparticles offers a reactive surface for one-step and high-density protein immobilization.     

铀尾矿库浅层土壤中核素U的析出及固定试验

试验以湖南某大型铀矿冶尾矿库为研究对象,在开放体系下间歇式的半动态淋滤试验,特别考察了酸雨条件下铀尾矿库浅层土壤核素U的析出机理。通过Fick扩散理论;并运用有限元回归方法分析核素U在不同固定添加剂的固定效果。试验结果显示,铀尾矿库浅层土壤在模拟酸雨条件下析出机理以表面洗脱为主导作用,使用固定添加剂后析出机理以表面溶解为主导作用。以石灰为固定添加剂,铀在第20 d后重新析出;析出液中铀含量随时间增加而不断递增,以石灰和磷酸氢二胺为组合固定添加剂;其固定效果优于石灰单独作用的固定效果;其结果表明铀的析出浓度低于尾矿库中铀浓度的排放限值。     

BTEX在非饱和土和地下水系统中迁移的试验研究

为了解污染物在土壤中迁移的规律,利用BTEX模拟轻非水相污染物质,采用土工离心试验技术对BTEX在非饱和土和地下水系统的迁移过程进行模拟。采用气相色谱分析试验中土样和水样的污染物质量分数,得到了BTEX的时空分布特征和长期迁移规律。试验结果表明,BTEX从泄漏点通过非饱和土层向下运移,在地下水位之上形成高质量分数区,并沿地下水面侧向迁移,部分溶解的BTEX在水体扩散。地下水的流动对BTEX的迁移有一定影响。     

冻融作用对土壤水分迁移和地下水位波动影响的实验研究

相比于非冻土分布区,季节性冻土区冬春季节的冻融作用显著影响着土壤水分运动和地下水位动态,进而改变地下水土环境中的水力条件和污染物分布特征.针对冻融作用下地下水位的波动过程尚缺乏定量化的具体研究,本文首次建立包气带、含水层水分迁移过程的冻融循环模拟实验装置,定量模拟分析了不同介质粒径和不同温度条件下冻融过程造成的水位波动差异,揭示冻融作用下土壤水分迁移和地下水位的波动规律.结果表明:冻融过程地下水位变化阶段与土壤冻融阶段相对应,且存在滞后现象;土壤的介质条件和温度条件均对冻融过程中地下水的波动具有重要影响,粒径越细,温度梯度越大,水分迁移量越大,水位波动越显著.     

污染场地土壤及地下水调查实证分析

以南京某化工厂污染场地土壤及地下水调查为例,探讨了源项分析、监测因子筛选、采样布点、场地地质水文勘探、土壤及地下水采样分析方法和评价标准选择,进行了土壤及地下水中pH、苯、硝基苯、苯胺的监测和20个点位的地质水文勘探.评价结果表明:受有机物污染的场地共计10833 m2,土壤污染最深处达4m以上.若不修复,苯胺等污染物将随地下水流动而污染周边农田,挥发进入大气,影响人体健康.经方案比选,推荐采用时间较短,费用适中,已有工程实例的换土、翻晒、清洗、覆盖相结合的综合修复方案.     

Covalent immobilization of oligoDNA on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman scattering study

The DNA magnetic nanoparticles are potentially useful in isolating and purifying DNA or RNA, directing-target-medicines, the development of DNA biosensors and biochips. Surface functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with monodispersed shape and size were prepared by coating nano-sized γ-Fe2O3 with silica in reverse microemuision, and then thioi-compounds were immobilized onto the magnetic nanoparticles. After immobilizing oligoDNA modified with thioi-disuifide on the surface of the fictionalized magnetic nanoparticles, we obtained DNA-magnetic nanoparticles.The efficiency of the single-linking probes loading at the surfaces of magnetic nanoparticles was examined via hybridization experiment. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering methods were also effectively applied to observing the immobilization and hybridization processes mentioned above.The results demonstrated oligoDNA being availably connected to the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles.     

纳米银对小麦秸秆还田土壤中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响

采用室内培养的方式,设置空白对照组（无添加,CK）、土壤＋小麦秸秆组（SW）、土壤+小麦秸秆+纳米银组（AgSW）,探究纳米银对秸秆还田农田土壤的呼吸作用,碳循环相关酶包括过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和纤维素酶的活性,微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果显示：与CK组相比,添加小麦秸秆的SW组提升了土壤呼吸速率,使CO₂累计释放量增加了9.9%;与SW组相比,添加纳米银的AgSW组抑制了土壤呼吸作用,CO₂累计释放量减少36.8%,同时3种酶活性显著降低,过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和纤维素酶的活性可分别最高降低25.1%、27.1%和14.3%;微生物群落水平生理特征(CLPP)分析结果发现,纳米银显著降低了微孔板平均孔颜色变化率（与SW组相比下降了73.8%）和微生物多样性与丰富度。研究认为纳米银通过抑制土壤酶与微生物活性改变了土壤有机质分解的生态学过程,使微生物群落功能多样性降低。     

淮北平原钙质结核土与高氟地下水成因关系分析

淮北平原第四系地下水丰富,是区域内主要的生活、生产水资源之一。淮北平原土壤类型主要是钙质结核土和黄泛冲积物形成的新近沉积粉土,土壤母质均富含碳酸钙和氟。文章研究了钙质结核土及高氟水的区域分布;在分别探讨钙质结核土和高氟地下水成因的基础上,从土层性质、气候、水文地质等方面探讨了两者在形成过程中的关系;分析了F-与K+、Na+、Ca2+的相关关系,从而探讨了钙质结核土对高氟地下水形成的促进作用。     

土壤中无机纳米微粒的自组装行为研究

采用超声波分散和离心分离的方法分离出土壤无机纳米微粒.通过透射电镜观察发现土壤中无机纳米微粒的形态主要有圆球状、片状、柱状、锥状、核状,并且不同形态的纳米微粒由溶胶向非溶胶状态转化时呈线性凝聚.通过原子力显微镜观察发现,组装团聚是土壤团聚体形成的真正机制.土壤无机纳米微粒在矿物表面和气液界面能发生自组装作用,土壤无机纳米微粒在矿物表面的自组装行为与矿物表面的特性有关,在活化矿物表面容易发生自组装反应,而非活化矿物表面则不容易发生反应,活化矿物表面的自组装与气液界面的组装作用非常相似.     

清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤PAHs污染的作用

为评价清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤多环芳烃（PAHs）污染的作用,提供土壤PAHs污染的工程治理理论依据,以沈抚污水灌区为研究对象,采集连续清水灌溉0,3,10和30年的污染稻田0-20cm和20-40cm土层的土壤样本,测定PAHs各组分含量,分析清水灌溉对消除稻田土壤PAHs总量及某些单一组分的效果。当前沈抚污水灌区稻田土壤PAHs总量在表层为612．3-6362．8μg／kg．干土,在亚表层为319．5—4318．5μg／kg．干土。随着清水灌溉年限的增加,土壤PAHs总量和16种PAHs单一组分含量均不同程度逐渐降低。清水灌溉10年后,土壤PAHs总量接近或低于土壤PAHs环境标准;单一PAHs组分仅菲含量依然高出环境标准。清水灌溉措施可有效消除由污水灌溉所造成的土壤PAHs污染,特别是高环PAHs污染,但是其作用周期需要10年左右或更长的时间。     

用草酸在硫酸溶液中从中性浸出渣中还原浸出铟

The present study evaluates the reductive leaching of indium from indium-bearing zinc ferrite using oxalic acid as a reducer in sulfuric acid solution. The effect of main factors affecting the process rate, including the oxalic-acid-to-sulfuric-acid ratio, stirring rate, grain size, temperature, and the initial concentration of synergic acid, was precisely evaluated. The results confirmed the acceptable efficiency of dissolving indium in the presence of oxalic acid. The shrinking-core model with a chemical-reaction-controlled step can correctly describe the kinetics of indium dissolution. On the basis of an apparent activation energy of 44.55 kJ/mol and a reaction order with respect to the acid concentration of 1.14, the presence of oxalic acid was found to reduce the sensitivity to temperature changes and to increase the effect of changes in acid concentration. Finally, the equation of the kinetic model based on the factors under study is presented.     

Reductive leaching of indium from the neutral leaching residue using oxalic acid in sulfuric acid solution

The present study evaluates the reductive leaching of indium from indium-bearing zinc ferrite using oxalic acid as a reducer in sulfuric acid solution. The effect of main factors affecting the process rate, including the oxalic-acid-to-sulfuric-acid ratio, stirring rate, grain size,temperature, and the initial concentration of synergic acid, was precisely evaluated. The results confirmed the acceptable efficiency of dissolving indium in the presence of oxalic acid. The shrinking-core model with a chemical-reaction-controlled step can correctly describe the kinetics of indium dissolution. On the basis of an apparent activation energy of 44.55 k J/mol and a reaction order with respect to the acid concentration of 1.14, the presence of oxalic acid was found to reduce the sensitivity to temperature changes and to increase the effect of changes in acid concentration. Finally, the equation of the kinetic model based on the factors under study is presented.     

地下水作用下土壤水蓄量变化及其对蒸发通量影响的模拟

将基于数值积分的土壤水平衡计算与稳态蒸发通量解析解相耦合,提出一种逼近Richards方程的迭代计算模型,分析不同地下水位下土壤水蓄量变化及其对土壤水蒸发量和潜水蒸发量的影响。采用Hydrus-1D模型对迭代模型进行对比验证,并将模型应用于安徽五道沟实验站地下水埋深分别为0.4 m、0.6 m和1.5 m的3个蒸渗仪的土壤水蓄量变化及蒸发通量的模拟。结果表明,迭代模型具有较高的计算精度,能较好地模拟受地下水位以上毛细管力作用的土壤水蓄量动态过程及蒸发通量,还能反演不同地下水埋深下的土壤渗透系数和孔径分布系数。     

Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite ore in sulfuric acid using pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant

Manganese (Mn) leaching and recovery from low-grade pyrolusite ore were studied using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as a leachant and pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant. The effects of the dosage of pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust to pyrolusite ore, the concentration of sulfuric acid, the liquid/solid ratio, the leaching temperature, and the leaching time on manganese and iron leaching efficiencies were investigated. Analysis of manganese and iron leaching efficiencies revealed that a high manganese leaching efficiency was achieved with low iron extraction. The optimal leaching efficiency was determined to be 20wt% pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust and 3.0 mol/L H₂SO₄ using a liquid/ solid ratio of 6.0 mL/g for 90 min at 90℃. Other low-grade pyrolusite ores were tested, and the results showed that they responded well with manganese leaching efficiencies greater than 98%.     

约化代数的交换子与超不变子空间

本文证明了多项式正常算子具有性质(P)和多项式正常的约化算子必为正常算子。本文最后证明了若T=L+S且LS=SL,其中S是多项式正常算子,L是代数算子,则T或具有非平凡的超不变子空间,或是恒等算子的常数倍。     

约化代数的交换子与超不变子空间

本文证明了多项式正常算子具有性质(P)和多项式正常的约化算子必为正常算子.本文最后证明了若T=L+S且LS=SL,其中S是多项式正常算子,L是代数算子,则T或具有非平凡的超不变子空间,或是恒等算子的常数倍.     

Reductive recovery of manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ore using toxic nitrocellulose acid wastewater as reductant

The hydrometallurgical strategy of extracting Mn from low-grade Mn ores has attracted attention for the production of electrolytic manganese metal (EMM). In this work, the reductive dissolution of low-grade MnO₂ ores using toxic nitrocellulose acidic wastewater (NAW) as a reductant was investigated for the first time. Under the optimized conditions of an MnO₂ ore dosage of 100 g·L-1, an ore particle size of -200 mesh, concentrated H₂SO₄-to-NAW volume ratio of 0.12, reaction temperature of 90℃, stirring speed at 160 r·min-1, and a contact time of 120 min, the reductive leaching efficiency of Mn and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of NAW reached 97.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The residual TOC of 31.6 mg·L-1 did not adversely affect the preparation of EMM. The current process offers a feasible route for the concurrent realization of the reductive leaching of Mn and the treatment of toxic wastewater via a simple one-step process.     

液相沉淀法制备纳米铜粉

用甲醛做还原剂，采用液相沉淀法制备铜钠米粒子．经TEM和XRD表征，粒子形貌为球形，平均粒径为30nm左右，粒径分布窄，粒子分布均匀，无硬团聚，为立方晶系单质铜粉．该铜粉表面经钝化处理，提高了抗氧化的能力，可以在空气中保存．