High heat loading performance of actively cooled W/Cu FGM-based components

A functionally graded material-based actively water-cooled tungsten-copper mockup with a dimension of 30 mm×30 mm×25 mm was designed and fabricated by infiltration-brazing method. The thicknesses of the pure W layer and W/Cu graded layer were 2 and 3 mm, respectively. High heat flux tests were performed on the mockup using an e-beam device. There is no damage occurring on the joint after heat loading at 5 MW/m2. The temperature on the pure W surface is less than 500℃ after irradiation for 100 s at 5 MW/m2, while the temperature on the brazing seam/copper surface is around 200℃.     

Spatial Heterogeneity of Vegetation in China

The spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics of 74 vegetation types and the lack of vegetation type within the 9.6 million km2 of Chinese territory were studied using data from the China vege- tation map. The analysis used 877 large quadrats 10 mm×10 mm (actual size 100 km×100 km), which cov- ered about 8.77 million km2. Each large-quadrat was divided into four small 5 mm×5 mm quadrats (actual size 50 km×50 km). The frequency of occurrence of all vegetation types was recorded in each small quadrat. The survey using the Shiyomi method of vegetation analysis based on the beta-binomial distribution was adopted to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average heterogeneity of all the vegetation types in the landscape provides a measure of the landscape level heterogeneity which describes the spatial intricacy of the existing vegetation composition. The maximum spatial vegetation heterogeneity was 0.8620 in the frigid-temperate coniferous forest of Larix (V1), which dominates cold moist northeast China. The minimum spatial heterogeneity with a low occurrence was the Caragana tibetica in the gravel desert in the western Yellow River Hetao area. The minimum occur- rence with a low spatial heterogeneity was the Monsoon rainforest on rock in Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces. The vegetation types on the Qing-Zang Plateau were found to be representative of Chinese vegeta- tion because of the very high occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of these vegetation types. The weighted average of the heterogeneity was 0.677, while the vegetation diversity index was 3.29.     

10 Gb/s transmit equalizer using duobinary signaling over FR4 backplane

A 10Gb/s 6-tap transmit equalizer based on partial response signaling for high speed backplane transmission is presented. By combining features of equalizer and frequency-dependent channel,duobinary signaling can be generated at the output of FR4 backplane,aiming at increasing data rate while reducing design complexity. Based on 0.18μm CMOS technology,this equalizer has been designed and fabricated,in which both variable capacitor and load resistor calibration techniques are explored to eliminate the effect of process variations. The chip occupies 0.68×0.8mm~2 including I/O pads and consumes a power of 194 mW with 1.8V power supply. Measurement results show that a typical 3-level eye diagram can be obtained at the receiver and the equalizer can work properly at the data rate of 10Gb/s.     

钢纤维高强混凝土的配合比设计

结合钢纤维高强混凝土的工作特点,对钢纤维高强混凝土的原材料选择要求与配合比设计进行了阐述.根据设计的钢纤维高强混凝土配合比,浇筑了168个150 mm×150 mm×150 mm立方体、30个100 mm×100 mm×400 mm和60个150 mm×150 mm×450 mm棱柱体钢纤维高强混凝土试件,并测试了其基本力学指标.结果表明,通过材料优选和适宜的配合比设计,采用常规制备工艺可以配制出拌和性能良好及满足强度要求的钢纤维高强混凝土.     

Room-temperature NH3 sensors with high sensitivity and short response/recovery times

Micro-sensors are fabricated by co-electrospin- ning In203 and SnO2 nanofibers on the substrates of SiO2/Si with interdigitated Pt signal electrodes. The total sensor area is 1.36 mmx 0.55 mm and the active area is only 0.63 mmx 0.55 ram. Excellent NH3 sensing properties are obtained based on the sensors at room temperature. The sensitivity is at most 28 when the sensors are exposed to NH3 of 10 ppm. The response time is 8 s or so and the recovery time is nearly 2 s. Not only fine selectivity, but also long- time stability is obtained. The results not only demonstrate the obtained micro-sensors are very promising devices for NH3 detection, but also show a possible route for large-scale NH3 sensor fabrication at the industrial level.     

不同试模对灌浆料早期抗压强度影响试验研究

采用统一的原材料、配合比、养护条件制作了3种不同试模、6个不同龄期的216个水泥基灌浆料试块,在相同的加载条件下进行了抗压强度测定,研究了在6个不同龄期下,不同试模对水泥基灌浆料试块早期抗压强度的影响及不同试模下抗压强度换算系数.得出了第Ⅲ类水泥基灌浆料在标准养护条件下尺寸为40 mm×40 mm×160 mm棱柱体标准试块与尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×150 mm立方体非标准试块的早期抗压强度换算系数和第Ⅳ类水泥基灌浆料在标准养护条件下尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×100 mm立方体标准试块与尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×150 mm立方体非标准试块的早期抗压强度换算系数.分析各个早期强度换算系数变化规律,得出可供实际工程参考的换算系数.     

定侧压下大坝原级配混凝土强度和变形试验研究

利用大连理工大学自行研制改造的液压伺服静动态三轴试验系统进行了不同骨料级配和尺寸的混凝土试件定侧压下的双轴压强度和变形性能试验.试验所用试件有3种:采用大坝原级配最大骨料粒径为80mm的立方体试件以及相应的湿筛混凝土试件,尺寸分别为250mm×250mm×250mm、150mm×150mm×150mm、100mm×100mm×100mm.试验过程中,测得了所有试件两个加载方向的应力和应变,并根据试验结果,系统地探讨了不同级配混凝土在定侧压下的极限强度和变形、应力-应变曲线以及破坏形态的变化规律,发现大骨料混凝土在定侧压下的极限强度和变形能力要比相应的湿筛小骨料混凝土提高更多;最后分别在主应力空间、主应变空间和八面体应力空间建立了不同级配混凝土的破坏准则,为水工大体积混凝土按多轴强度理论进行设计提供了试验依据.     

Flux-Bridgman growth and characterization of Mn-doped ZnO single crystals

Mn-doped ZnO single crystals have been grown by the flux-Bridgman method from a high temperature solution of 24% ZnO-76%PbF_2(molar fraction).A fast nucleation was induced by the gas-cooling system at the bottom of the Pt crucible.A red Mn.ZnO crystal up to 13 mm×15 mm×(3-4) mm was obtained.Powder XRD patterns showed that the as-grown crystals were in wurtzite structure.Electron Probe Microanalyser(EPMA) revealed that some PbF_2 inclusions formed due to fast nucleation.The additional Raman mode at 524 cm ' ...     

三级配混凝土及湿筛混凝土单轴动态拉伸性能试验研究

考虑大骨料特性的混凝土动态拉伸性能研究是混凝土坝抗震特性研究的一个突出问题.进行了大坝迎水面常用的三级配混凝土及湿筛混凝土在10-5、10-4、10-3、10-2 s-1四种应变速率下的单轴动态直接拉伸强度试验.试验采用尺寸为250mm×250mm×400mm和150mm×150mm×300mm的棱柱体试件.试验测得不同应变速率下试件的单轴动态拉伸应力和应变.基于试验数据探讨了三级配混凝土及湿筛混凝土的破坏形态、单轴抗拉强度、峰值应力点的应变随应变速率的变化规律.此外,还建立了三级配混凝土与相应湿筛二级配混凝土的动态强度关系.试验结果可为混凝土大坝、海洋平台等的抗震设计提供理论依据.     

取心工具用大尺寸疏水吸油海绵的制备与吸油性能研究

海绵取心工具(取心衬筒)中一种关键材料是高吸油海绵,为了满足钻井取心的使用需求,需要制备大尺寸、超疏水的吸油海绵。利用多巴胺(DA)氧化自聚(以NaIO₄为氧化剂)以及聚多巴胺(PDA)与疏水剂(十八胺,ODA)的反应,采用一步和两步浸涂法对小尺寸(30 mm×30 mm×10 mm)和大尺寸(910 mm×400 mm×10 mm)商用三聚氰胺海绵进行疏水改性;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察改性海绵的表面形貌,并测定其水接触角和吸油性能。结果表明：改性海绵表面形成了PDA粒子,两步法所得改性海绵的表面粒子细密、均匀;增大DA的质量浓度和提高氧化剂含量,海绵表面PDA粒子增多。确定了海绵改性的最优条件：DA质量浓度为4～6 mg/mL,DA与NaIO₄的质量比为1∶1,海绵在ODA溶液中的浸泡时间为2～4 h。在小尺寸样品研究结果的基础上,将大尺寸海绵在DA溶液中浸泡1 min,在空气中放置2 h,然后与ODA溶液反应4 h进行改性,所得大尺寸改性海绵的表面水接触角为152.6°,10 s时吸油量达90 g/g,并且多次吸油、析油后仍保持较...     

非接触多路测量系统调制器与解调器的研制

该文研制的非接触多路测量系统调制器和解调器是ＦＭ－ＦＭ无线电遥测系统中的关键部件。方案中，发送端由调制器将多路被测信号调制到不同的副载频上，经相加求和后发射。接收端通过带通滤波器分离合信号并由解调器检出各副载频中的调制信号。文中对该调制器与解调器的工作原理和设计方法作了分析，并给出应用结果。     

全数字正交相移键控解调器设计

作为数字卫星视频广播（DVB-S）接收芯片的核心组件,给出了一种全数字正交相移键控（QPSK）接收解调器的设计,该解调器由载波频率恢复、载波相位恢复、符号同步3个环路为主要部分构成,具有良好的抗噪声性能、较低的系统差损和适中的算法复杂度,介绍了3个环路的具体设计,并给出了优化的环路参数和仿真结果,最后给出了FPGA实现的结果。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中尼泊金酯类防腐剂和特丁基对苯二酚

为建立化妆品中防腐剂和抗氧化剂的分析方法,采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中4种尼泊金酯类防腐剂和特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ).Diamonsil C18(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mmi.d.)分离柱,甲醇-水(体积比72∶28)流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,室温,检测波长254 nm.4种尼泊金酯类防腐剂在1~100 ng/L内均有良好线性,检出限为0.05~0.1 ng/L,回收率为82.9%~96.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.17%~2.64%.     

Growth, structure and upconversion mechanisms of Ba2ErCl7 crystal

The methods to grow a novel upconversion crystal Ba₂ErCl₇ are reported in this note. Ba₂ErCl₇ material was synthesized with Er₂O₃, BaCl₂·2H₂O and NH₄Cl by using a so-called “direct synthesis method”. High quality Ba₂ErCl₇ single crystals with size up to 4 mm×8 mm×15 mm were grown by using the Czochralski and the Bridgman methods. Intense yellow-green luminescence was detected when the crystal was pumped by an 803 laser diode (LD). Transmittance spectrum was measured by using HITACH U-3500 spectrophotometer at room temperature for the first time, in which one can see that the transmittance is high in the range from 350 to 1 600 nm and the cut-off wavelength of the crystal was 230 nm. The upconversion mechanisms were discussed.     

超高效液相色谱紫外法检测对苯二甲酸生产废水中的芳香羧酸

建立了超高效液相色谱－紫外法（UPLC-TUV）测定对苯二甲酸生产废水中6种芳香羧酸（邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、3-羧基苯甲醛、间苯二甲酸、苯甲酸和间甲基苯甲酸）的快速分析方法。该方法使用的色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18 （2.1mm×50mm,1.7μm）,以甲醇-0.2%甲酸水（体积分数）体系进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测波长为254?nm。在优化的色谱条件下,6种芳香羧酸得到基线分离,质量浓度范围为0.5～100μg/mL（其中对苯二甲酸的质量浓度范围是0.25～50μg/mL）时,线性相关系数均大于0.9998。利用该方法检测3批废水中的6种芳香羧酸,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于1.5%（n＝3）。6种芳香羧酸的一组浓度加标平均回收率均在80%～110%之间,RSD均小于6%（n＝3）,表明基质干扰少,重现性好。     

薄膜冷冻法制备大豆磷脂克拉霉素脂质体

用薄膜冷冻法制备了克拉霉素脂质体,以高效液相色谱法为分析手段,色谱柱采用Hyper-sil ODS柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈与0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(体积比为70∶30),用稀磷酸调节pH值至4.8,流速1.0 m/min;检测波长205 nm.克拉霉素在10~200 mg/L内浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 7.采用反透析法测定脂质体的包封率,并确定了透析平衡时间,讨论了水合介质和冻融次数对包封率的影响.     

砼断裂韧度尺寸效应的试验研究

为研究混凝土断裂韧度的尺寸效应,将基于Weibull统计破坏的尺度律与基于Bazant能量释放的统一尺度律进行对比,进行了三种混凝土断裂韧度,即起裂韧度 、失稳韧度 及临界裂缝尖端张开位移CTODc的试验研究。采用在建桥梁所用高强混凝土材料制作了6组几何相似,最大尺寸为S×H×B=1280 mm×320 mm×160 mm,总共18根带预制缺口的素混凝土平面应变三点弯曲试件,应用MTS材料试验机、动态应变仪等测试手段获得了试件的载荷-加载点位移、载荷-裂缝口张开位移全过程曲线以及裂缝前沿应变等。计算结果发现考虑了裂缝前沿过程区影响后的混凝土断裂韧度仍然表现出一定程度的尺寸效应,而Bazant统一尺寸效应律较Weibull尺寸效应律更适合预测大尺寸混凝土材料的断裂韧度。     

RP-HPLC法测定苦皮藤素中苦皮素A的含量

建立了一种测定苦皮藤根皮及其产品中苦皮素A的反相高效液相色谱方法.采用Zorbax eclipse XDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水(V甲醇∶V水=70∶30)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,在波长232 nm处进行检测.实验结果表明,在0.000 9～0.020 7 mg/ml范围内,苦皮素A的峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R=0.999 5,平均回收率为98.8%,相对标准偏差RSD=0.313%.该法简便、快速且重现性好,适用于苦皮藤原料及其产品中苦皮素A的定量分析.     

RP-HPLC同时检测 Zymomonas mobilis 代谢组分方法的研究

优化了高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时检测Zymomonas mobilis发酵液中葡萄糖、乙醇和多种代谢产物的条件和方法,分析了影响因素、回收率和重现性.试验结果表明,选择10 mmol/L pH值为2.5 KH2PO4-H3PO4溶液作为流动相、SunFireTM C18,5μm色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm)、二极管阵列检测器,可同时检测出葡萄糖酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、乙酸;选用2 mmol/L硫酸溶液作为流动相、IC-PakTM lon-Exclusion 50 A7μm色谱柱(7.8 mm×300 mm)、示差折光检测器,可同时检测葡萄糖、山梨醇、琥珀酸、乙酸、乙醇.Z.mobilis发酵液的回收率和重现性的结果表明,该方法测定葡萄糖、乙醇和其它产物的相对标准偏差范围为0.005%～0.018%,平均回收率为96.86%～101.99%.     

Permeation of vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes across MDCK cell monolayer and comparison with Caco-2 cells

The permeation and eytotoxicity of three insulin-mimetic vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes were studied using the MDCK cell monolayer in comparison with the Caeo-2 cells. On MDCK cell monolayer, the apparent permeation coefficients （Papp） were estimated to be （7.5±1.0）×10^-6, （1.0±0.2）×10^-6, （1.7±0.4）× 10^-6cm/s for V（Ⅴ）, V（Ⅵ）, and V（Ⅲ）-dipie complexes, respectively. The permeability of V（Ⅴ）-dipie complexes is much better than the others, which is in agreement with its better hypoglycemie effect in animal tests. On Caeo-2 cell monolayer, Papp were found to be in the range of 1-3×10^-6 ends and not to be affected by excessive amounts of dipieolinate ligand. By contrast, the permeability in the AP→BL direction across the MDCK monolayer increased greatly in the presence of free ligands, suggesting existence of active transport mechanism of vanadium complex anions on the MDCK cells. The eytotoxieity of the three complexes was found similar and the IC50 were measured in the range of 0.6-0.9 mmol/L for MDCK cells and 1.6--2 mmol/L for Caco-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of three vanadium complexes was conceivably in consistence with their permeability, suggesting that the toxicity, permeation and cellular metabolism of vanadium complexes are closely related.