中国先人的生态管理思想

从夏代至明清的中国先哲们,从不同的角度阐述了各种协调人与自然关系的生态保护思想。     

中国古代生态文化的思想源流

生态学是研究人与生存环境之间相互关系基本规律的现代科学，。古代社会虽然没有外的生态学概念，但是“人与环境”这对矛盾却是古今中外的人们所普遍关心的重要问题。古代中国生态思想也以其独特的品格显示着它的历史价值和启迪意义。本文对中国古代生态２文化的思想源流的分析，让我们更全面更深刻地认识民族文化这一优秀遗产。本文刊谨至诚挚的谢意！     

中国传统教育思想中的生态意识

随着近几十年中国经济的迅速发展,社会物质财富迅速增长,生活条件极大改善,但同时人们的生存环境却一步步恶化,于是人们开始反省发展的代价,“生态教育”就成为一个时髦的话题。反观中国古代教育史,我们惊奇的发现,中国传统教育思想尤其是先秦教育思想中蕴含着丰富的生态意识,古人早在几千年以前就认识到生态教育的重要性。透视中国传统教育思想,对当今的经济建设具有启示意义。     

浅谈中国古代管理思想

中国是一个文明古国,在漫长的历史长河中,我们的祖先在国家管理、用人思想、系统管理和经营管理等方面都进行了大量的实践,留下了丰硕的成果,供后人学习、参考或运用。     

中国近代管理思想的融合

中国近代的一百年间,列强打开国门,军阀混战不息。国门洞开促进了资本主义工商业的发展,引进了西方的企业经营管理思想,使中国传统管理思想融进了新鲜的内容。这一时期的管理思想代表人物有林则徐、魏源、李鸿章、张之洞、康有为、梁启超、孙中山、廖仲恺、蔡元培、黄炎培、蒋介石、张謇、穆藕初、荣宗敬、荣德生、刘鸿生、卢作孚等。     

习近平生态文明观的中国传统生态思想渊源

习近平生态文明观是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分,内涵丰富,具体包括人与自然和谐共生的生态自然观、绿水青山就是金山银山的生态发展观以及加强制度和法治建设的生态实践观等观点,有深厚的中国传统生态思想底蕴,在一定程度上推动了中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化、创新性发展,进一步彰显了中华优秀传统文化的时代价值.     

中国当代时期管理思想的升华

从中共十一届三中全会召开到21世纪初,是中国当代管理思想升华的时期。以邓小平为核心的中共第二代领导集体在中国实施了“第二次革命”,解放思想,实事求是,开创了建设有中国特色社会主义的道路,其管理思想的结晶——邓小平理论成为当代中国人走向未来的精神依托。这一时期管理思想的主要代表人物有邓小平、陈云等。     

中国现代时期管理思想的提炼

抗战胜利到中共十一届三中全会召开期间，是中国现代管理思想提炼的时期。代表着中国共产党领导集体智慧的毛泽东思想是中国古往今来最系统、全面、深刻的管理思想，它既有马克思列宁主义的精神，又有中华文化的灵魂，古为今用，洋为中用，集古今优秀管理思想之大成。其代表人物有毛泽东、周恩来、刘少奇和朱德等。     

中国近代管理思想的融合

中国近代的一百年间,列强打开国门,军阀混战不息.国门洞开促进了资本主义工商业的发展,引进了西方的企业经营管理思想,使中国传统管理思想融进了新鲜的内容.这一时期的管理思想代表人物有林则徐、魏源、李鸿章、张之洞、康有为、梁启超、孙中山、廖仲恺、蔡元培、黄炎培、蒋介石、张謇、穆藕初、荣宗敬、荣德生、刘鸿生、卢作孚等.     

中国古代管理思想探幽

人们很崇尚西方的管理理论 ,然而殊不知 ,中国古代的管理思想源远流长 ,非常丰富 ,只是很少有人去研究、挖掘。本文从国家管理、信息与决策、经营管理、人事管理和行为管理等方面作了些尝试     

Evolution of king crabs from hermit crab ancestors.

King crabs (Family Lithodidae) are among the world's largest arthropods, having a crab-like morphology and a strongly calcified exoskeleton. The hermit crabs, by contrast, have depended on gastropod shells for protection for over 150 million years. Shell-living has constrained the morphological evolution of hermit crabs by requiring a decalcified asymmetrical abdomen capable of coiling into gastropod shells and by preventing crabs from growing past the size of the largest available shells. Whereas reduction in shell-living and acquisition of a crab-like morphology (carcinization) has taken place independently in several hermit crab lineages, and most dramatically in king crabs, the rate at which this process has occurred was entirely unknown. We present molecular evidence that king crabs are not only descended from hermit crabs, but are nested within the hermit crab genus Pagurus. We estimate that loss of the shell-living habit and the complete carcinization of king crabs has taken between 13 and 25 million years.     

Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors.

About one-fifth of all known extant fungal species form obligate symbiotic associations with green algae, cyanobacteria or with both photobionts. These symbioses, known as lichens, are one way for fungi to meet their requirement for carbohydrates. Lichens are widely believed to have arisen independently on several occasions, accounting for the high diversity and mixed occurrence of lichenized and non-lichenized (42 and 58%, respectively) fungal species within the Ascomycota. Depending on the taxonomic classification chosen, 15-18 orders of the Ascomycota include lichen-forming taxa, and 8-11 of these orders (representing about 60% of the Ascomycota species) contain both lichenized and non-lichenized species. Here we report a phylogenetic comparative analysis of the Ascomycota, a phylum that includes greater than 98% of known lichenized fungal species. Using a Bayesian phylogenetic tree sampling methodology combined with a statistical model of trait evolution, we take into account uncertainty about the phylogenetic tree and ancestral state reconstructions. Our results show that lichens evolved earlier than believed, and that gains of lichenization have been infrequent during Ascomycota evolution, but have been followed by multiple independent losses of the lichen symbiosis. As a consequence, major Ascomycota lineages of exclusively non-lichen-forming species are derived from lichen-forming ancestors. These species include taxa with important benefits and detriments to humans, such as Penicillium and Aspergillus.     

Development of ancestors‘ cultivation revealed in phytolith assembalages from Guangfulin relics

Shanghai Museum has got great achievements in re-excavating Guangfulin relics.It is the first time that the cultural remains of Wangyoufang type is found above the Liangzhu cultural remains which comes from East Henan Province,providing previous materials for researching culture evolution around Taihu Lake.Samples were taken from the immature soil layer and cultural layers of Guangfulin relics for phytolith analysis.According to the systemic research for the archaeological remains and phytolith fossil,the phytoliths in Guangfulin relics can be divided into four xones.The development of rice agriculture and living condition of Guangfulin ancestors was discussed based on the existing rice fan-shaped phytolith,rice shell phytolith.diatom fossil and archaeology,evidence in the same layer.The Guangfulin relics has gradually developed since a high sea level 5000 years ago,and the broad rice agriculture has simultaneously developed.The newly re-excavated relics provides valuable materials for the research of ancestors and ancient culture in Shanghai.     

陕西省西铜高速公路生态环境治理初探

以陕西省铜川市南部咽喉交通要道西(安)铜(川)高速公路水厂至川口段为例,通过野外实地勘察,对西铜高速公路两侧的主要生态环境问题进行了初步评价,针对不同地段提出了可行的生态环境治理方案,并对环境治理资金来源与政策建议作了适当分析,研究结论对于相关矿山的生态环境治理具有一定参考价值.     

建设项目全寿命周期管理中的知识集成

建设项目全寿命周期集成管理的提出，解决了传统项目管理模式中由于各个阶段脱节产生的弊端．它将决策阶段开发管理（DM）、实施阶段业主方项目管理（OPM）和运营阶段物业管理（FM）进行综合考虑．本文对项目全寿命周期管理中的知识集成进行探讨．     

项目管理理论在高职科研经费管理中的应用研究

项目管理理论是管理学科中一门新兴的分支学科和技术,是一种新的管理理论体系,也是管理者在项目活动中系统运用管理方法和管理工具而进行的科学化、规范化的管理。把项目管理理论应用到高职科研经费管理之中,这是一种全新的尝试,也是一种很好的对接,更是一种管理质量的提升。研究运用项目管理理论的九大知识领域,不仅有助于提升高职院校教科研管理的绩效,更有助于提高高职科研经费使用管理的效率,从根本上解决高职科研经费管理存在的问题。     

The earliest-known ancestors of Recent Priapulomorpha from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstaette

The taxonomy of an early ancestor of Recent Priapulidae, Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris (= Yunnanpriapulus halteroformis Huang et al., 2004) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fossil Lagerstaette, is revised. Morphological characters comprise a pair of caudal appendages rather than a single appendage flanking the trunk end and a possible urogenital duct found inside the preanal region. An additional extremely rare fossil priapulid worm, Paratubiluchus bicaudatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is also described herein. Its diagnostic characters are: an introvert bearing 25 longitudinal rows of scalids, a distinct neck region, no annulus on the oval trunk, and a pair of caudal appendages. The proportion of body parts is similar in size to that of loricate larvae of Recent priapulids and larva-formed Palaeopriapulitidae. Taking account of the features of Xiaoheiqingella, bicaudal appendages are considered to be a synapomorphy of Priapulidae and Tubiluchidae. Paratubiluchus gen. nov. is most likely a candidate for the ancestor of the Tubiluchidae; it probably originated from a larva-formed priapulid with 25 rows of scalids, thus representing an intermediate link between the priapulids in mature-form and the priapulids with lorica.     

Ecological studies on Prochlorococcus in China seas

Prochlorococcus, a tiny oxygenic photosynthetic picoplankton with unique pigment composition, has been found to be ubiquitous and abundant in the world oceans, and has been recognized to be closely related to living resources and environmental issues. It has attracted the interest of marine biologists since its discovery, and field data on it over global oceans have accumulated rapidly in the past 10 years. In China, we have studied Prochlorococcus for 8 years, achieving a basic ecological understanding. The presence of Prochlorococcus in China seas, marginal seas of the west Pacific, was confirmed, and its distribution patterns were also brought to light. Prochlorococcus is very abundant in the South China Sea and the offshore regions of the East China Sea. It is seasonally present in the southeast part of the Yellow Sea and absent in the Bohai Sea. Temporal and spatial variations of the abundance of Prochlorococcus and their affecting factors, physiological and ecological characteristics of Prochlorococcus and their relationships to the other groups of picoplankton, and the importance of Prochlorococcus in total biomass and possible roles in living resources and environmental problems are discussed. In the future, isolation of different Prochlorococcus strains from the China seas and their physiological characteristics, genetic diversity, phylogenies and gene exploiture, etc. are important issues to be addressed.     

Ecological studies on Prochlorococcus in China seas

Prochlorococcus, a tiny oxygenic photosynthetic picoplankton with unique pigment composition, has been found to be ubiquitous and abundant in the world oceans, and has been recognized to be closely related to living resources and environmental issues. It has attracted the interest of marine biologists since its discovery, and field data on it over global oceans have accumulated rapidly in the past 10 years. In China, we have studied Prochlorococcus for 8 years, achieving a basic ecological understanding. The presence of Prochlorococcus in China seas, marginal seas of the west Pacific, was confirmed, and its distribution patterns were also brought to light. Prochlorococcus is very abundant in the South China Sea and the offshore regions of the East China Sea. It is seasonally present in the southeast part of the Yellow Sea and absent in the Bohai Sea. Temporal and spatial variations of the abundance of Prochlorococcus and their affecting factors, physiological and ecological characteristics of Prochlorococcus and their relationships to the other groups of picoplankton, and the importance of Prochlorococcus in total biomass and possible roles in living resources and environmental problems are discussed. In the future, isolation of different Prochlorococcus strains from the China seas and their physiological characteristics, genetic diversity, phylogenies and gene exploiture, etc. are important issues to be addressed.