图形朝向对时序知觉的影响

基于以往关于"刺激的知觉组织会损伤时序知觉表现"的研究,笔者进一步探讨了图形朝向(包含知觉组织条件)对时序知觉的影响。采用3条线段构成的C形为实验材料,采用4(图形朝向:对向、反向、向左同向、向右同向)×8(SOA:±15 ms,±30 ms,±60 ms,±90 ms实验1;±5 ms,±15 ms,±25 ms,±35 ms实验2)的被试内设计,要求被试完成时序判断任务。结果发现,在较长的SOA水平(实验1)和较短的SOA水平(实验2)中,对向和反向条件的时序判断正确率均没有显著差异,而同向条件的正确率受图形开口方向影响。该结果表明图形朝向影响时序知觉,但知觉组织对时序知觉表现的显著影响未发现。     

分散和集中注意条件下的Stroop效应:意识的影响

基于Stroop效应证实了意识知觉和无意识知觉引起的行为结果存在质的差异,色词的无意识知觉导致Stroop效应的出现,而色词的有意识知觉导致Stroop效应的反转.一个处于分散注意状态下被无意识知觉的刺激,既可以通过集中注意的方法使之达到有意识知觉,也可以通过增强刺激特性使之达到有意识知觉.     

分散和集中注意条件下的Stroop效应意识的影响

基于Stroop效应证实了意识知觉和无意识知觉引起的行为结果存在质的 差异，色词的无意识知觉导致Stroop效应的出现，而色词的有意识知 觉导致Stroop效应的反转。一个处于分散注意状态下被无意识知觉的刺激，既可以通过集中注意的方法使之达到有意识知觉，也可以通过增强刺激特性使之达到有意识知觉。     

HERA模型与来源记忆老化

以考查来源记忆老化与来源记忆过程中额叶激活模式的关系为目的.采用行为测验和fMRI(功能磁共振成像)技术,以位置记忆为任务,对15位年轻人和13位老年人在来源记忆过程中的额叶激活模式进行比较.行为结果表明位置记忆存在显著年龄差异.脑成像结果表明:1)编码阶段在2个难度条件下,老年人和年轻人的额叶激活都表现出左侧优势;提取阶段在2个难度条件下,老年人和年轻人的激活模式都没有表现出单侧化倾向.HERA模型不具有跨年龄和任务的普遍性;2)在低难度任务中,编码和提取阶段老年人与年轻人的额叶激活模式基本相同,老年人的激活面积稍大;在高难度任务中,编码阶段除额下回老年人比年轻人激活稍多外,年轻人的激活脑区明显多于老年人.提取阶段,老年人和年轻人的激活的脑区基本没有差异.来源记忆老化与加工过程的关系还需要进一步探讨.     

试论无意识在创作中的地位与作用

文艺创作不仅受意识、理性支配,无意识(潜意识)也经常参与其中,其作用主要表现在四个方面:触发灵感,挖掘记忆,帮助想象,修正构思。作家创作的过程应该是意识和无意识相互作用,而意识在其中起主导作用的过程。     

语言对情绪知觉的影响

情绪知觉既包括对表情、声音等信息的识别过程,又需要对语言等背景进行加工.研究发现,语言在情绪知觉过程中起到了重要的作用,会影响甚至形成情绪知觉.情绪知觉的形成和发展依赖于语言的习得和发展;情绪知觉受到语言可用性的影响而变化,表现出范畴知觉效应;不同语言使用者的情绪知觉呈现出明显的差异;语言相关的脑区也参与了情绪知觉的加工过程.未来的研究可以和语言相对论相联系,在儿童发展的跨文化对比、双语者视角和认知神经科学新技术的应用等方面继续探索.     

任务教学法应用于大学英语教学中应注意的几点问题

在任务教学法应用到大学英语教学的过程中,由于主观上的狭隘理解,以及客观上的条件制约,在应用过程中出现了一系列的问题.文章针对存在的教师角色和作用不明;学生缺乏主体意识;任务质量偏低;忽视任务后期评估等几个典型问题进行剖析并提出相应的解决方法.     

边缘刺激条件下错误记忆无意识机制的探索研究

文章援用错误记忆中经典的DRM范式,在实验中,要求被试对呈现的颜色刺激作辨别反应时任务.同时将DRM词单中的单词作为边缘刺激随机呈现.随后意外地要求被试对边缘处单词进行再认.结果证明了被试在作反应时任务时,对边缘刺激产生无意识知觉同时进行了自动的无意识语义加工,这种对单词的无意识语义加工体现在随后的再认任务中,较多地再认出了与词单高度相关但未呈现的关键项.发生了错误记忆.     

左腹侧枕颞区在颜色特征的直接和间接提取中的功能分离

以往的研究提示,物体特性的储存/提取与知觉这些特性的脑区有关.有的研究发现知识的储存和提取恰恰激活了知觉区,而另一些研究则表明,知识的储存区并不是知觉区本身,而是位于知觉区的附近,比如前部.而知觉区或其前部与对刺激不同特性的提取是否有关,尚未有针对性的研究.文中采用功能磁共振成像技术,探讨了在颜色知觉和颜色提取过程中,腹侧枕颞区的激活特点.实验采用静止的灰度图像做控制条件,首先对被试进行颜色知觉的功能定位,然后用6 d时间在扫描机器外训练被试记住颜色和运动、颜色和字母之间的联系,最后进行颜色信息的直接和间接提取的功能磁共振扫描.结果发现,颜色知觉任务激活了双侧腹侧枕颞区后部,当以运动为线索,直接提取相对应的颜色信息时,这一区域也被激活;而当呈现运动和字母两种线索,要求被试(通过间接提取颜色)判断二者是否互相匹配时,除枕颞区后部外,其左侧前部也出现激活.结果为颜色信息的提取中,左侧枕颞区后部和前部在不同提取任务中的功能分离提供了证据:与颜色相关的信息储存在腹侧枕颞区两个前后相近的部位,其中后部和颜色的知觉特性相关,而前部可能和颜色相关的各种知识联系相关.     

基于工作记忆内容的注意导向的影响因素

工作记忆内容对视觉搜索中注意选择的影响到底如何, 与工作记忆内容匹配的项目是否总是会自动捕获注意, 至今仍存在争议。本研究针对前人研究中存在的差异和不足, 统一采用“ 记忆 - 搜索” 双任务范式来探讨搜索任务难度、搜索项目刺激强度以及记忆任务呈现时间对基于工作记忆内容的注意导向的影响。结果发现: 当采用困难搜索任务时, 干扰条件下被试反应时与中性条件下反应时无显著差异, 说明难度会影响工作记忆内容对注意选择的自动导向效应, 但这种影响只有在搜索任务难度足够大的情况下才能体现出来。而在本研究中并未发现刺激强度和记忆任务呈现时间这两个因素对基于工作记忆内容的注意导向的影响, 即无论刺激强度高低, 或记忆任务呈现时间长或短, 与工作记忆内容匹配的搜索项目还是会“ 自动捕获注意” , 导致干扰条件下被试反应时显著慢于中性条件。
     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has