Characteristics of U-pattern distribution of highconcentration ^210pb in surface air at central Guizhou, China

In recent thirty years, with deep-going studies of the problems of regional environmental quality and global climate change, 210Pb has been found to have wide appli-cations in tracing the aquatic sedimentation, catchment’s erosion and the path of atmospheric transfer. 222Rn pro-duced from decay of the U-Ra series in surface rocks and soils diffuses in the atmosphere and continues to decay into 210Pb. This part of the 210Pb, due to separation from its parent 226Ra, is generally referred to a…     

New progress of lake sediments and environmental changes research in China

Environmental change recorded by lake sediments is one of the important branches of the past global changes study. The new progress of lake sediments and environmental changes in China since the late 1980s has been comprehensively discussed. The highlights emphasized are Asian paleomonsoon migration reflected by lake level fluctuation, uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau recorded by lacustrine sediments, saltlake sediments and environmental evolution, lake response to the natural-human interaction and modern lake biogeochemical process. Meanwhile important suggestions for the lake sediments and environmental research in the future are proposed, which include studies on the quantitative relationship between lake environment proxies and climate factors, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments, modern lake dynamic process and environment, Quaternary Chinese lake database and global changes.     

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in surface sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow River Estuaries, China

The concentrations and congener profiles of poly-chlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in surface sediment samples collected from the Yangtze and Yellow River Estuaries were inves-tigated. PCN congeners (from MoCNs to OCN) were determined by isotope dilution/high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS). The total concentrations of PCNs were 34.3-303.0 pg/g (dry weight, dw) in the Yangtze Estuary samples and 6.2-408.0 pg/g (dw) in the Yellow River Estuary samples, which were lower compared with that in other sediments reported by previous studies. In addition, the remarkably different homologue or congener profiles of PCNs have been obtained in this study. Samples dominated with MoCNs to TrCNs might be attributed to atmospheric deposition and global fractionation, while in other samples taken from the surrounding industrial areas the enrichment of higher chlorinated homologues suggested that the industrial and human activities should be the main potential sources.     

Using ~(137)Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using 137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km?2·a?1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm·a?1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t·km?2·a?1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not in- duce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

A study on responses of soil erosion and sediment yield to closing cultivation on sloping land in a small catchment using ^137Cs technique in the Rolling Loess Plateau, China

By comparison of volumes and ^137Cs Contents of the deposited sediments before and after 1993,changes of specific sediment yields and relative sediment contributions from the gully area and from the inter gully area after closing cultivation on the later area on a small catchment of Zhaojia Gully,in the Rolling Loess Plateau,are analyzed in this paper.Closing cultivation in a large scale has not resulted in decrease but increase of specific sediment yield and the relative sediment contribution of the inter-gully area,and in increase of the sediment yield and the contribution of the gully area,for a short term.The mean specific sediment yield of 29650 t km^-2a^-1 of 1994-1996 in the catchment was 2.2 times the average value of 13413 t km^-2 a^-1 for a long term.The specific sediment yield of the inter-gully area decreased from the 14335t km^-2a^-1 in 1994 to 7034 t km^-2 a^-1 in 1995 and 3517 t km^-1a^-1 in 1996 which was much greater than the value of 21118 t km^-2 a^-1 before 1993.The relative sediment contribution from the inter-gully area decreased form 23% in 1994 to 15% in 1995 and 6% in 1996,while the contribution from the gully area increased form 77% in 1994 to 85% in 1995 and 94% in 1996.It is suggested that compacting of ploughed soils resulted in increasing of the erosion resistance but in decreasing of the precipitation infiltration,therefore,the soil erosion reduced but the runoff amount increased on the inter-gully area.Increase of delivering runoff from the inter-gully area to the gully area should result in activeness of gully erosion and mass movements,consequently,in increase of the total sediment yield from the catchment.     

Carbon isotopic record of foraminifers in surface sediments from the South China Sea and its significance

Since the 1990s, the papers and data involved withthe South China Sea (SCS) have been emerging in largenumbers in the world as people pay more attention to thepaleoceanography of the SCS. There have been more than100 cores mentioned in papers containing p…     

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using ~(137)Cs tracing technique:A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we es- tablished the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the ~(137)Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the ~(137)Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63±44.91 to 1279.54±166.53 Bq·m~(-2), and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1) accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect (from Tariat to Sainshand), the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect (Inner Mongolia), the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.     

Characterization of MASDs of surface soils in north China and its influence on estimating dust emission

Inordertoquantitivelyevaluateeffectsofdustaerosolonradiativeforcing[1],andtounderstandtheprocessofatmosphericchemistryandbiogeochemistry[2,3],modelingthedustemissionfluxisakindoffundamentalwork.TheDPMmodel[4—6]isidealforpredictingdustemission[7—10]becauseitconsiderseffectsofsurfacefea-tures(MASDofsurfacesoil,roughnesslengthandsoilmoisture,etc)andsandblastingprocess.Italsoprovidesanexplicitphysicalmechanismthatisvalidatedbywindtunnelandfieldexperiments[7—10].Themeandiameterofsurfacesoilsi…     

Export and remineralization of POM in the Southern Ocean and the South China Sea estimated from ~(210)Po/~(210)Pb disequilibria

Disequilibria between 210Po and 210Pb in the upper water and their potential applications as a proxy of particle export and remineralization were examined in the Southern Ocean (station IV3) and the South China Sea (NS44). 210Po was deficit in surface waters but excessive relative to 210Pb in subsurface waters. Good positive correlation between 210Po and particulate organic carbon (POC) indicated deficits and excess of 210Po resulted from particulate organic matter (POM) export and remineralization respecti...     

Sediment source identification by using ^137Cs and ^210pb radionuclides in a small catchment of the Hilly Sichuan Basin, China

The Hilly Sichuan Basin is one of the most populous agricultural regions in the Upper Yangtze River Basin and has an area of about 105000 km2. Cropland ratios and population densities vary between 0.3 and 0.7 and be-tween 400 and 800 people/km2, respectively, in the Si-chuan basin. The basin is considered as one of the most severely eroded regions in the Upper Yangtze River Basin as well in China. Soil erosion rates were reported mostly to be greater than 5000 t·km-2·a-1 by the first st…     

贵州梵净山尖叶拟船叶藓Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis(Mitt.)Nog.群落生态环境特征初探

通过野外调查观测和室内分析 ,对东亚特有濒危植物尖叶拟船叶藓Dolichomitriopsisdiversiformis(Mitt.)Nog .群落在梵净山的生态环境进行了初步研究 ,结果表明该植物分布在 170 0m— 190 0m范围的常绿阔叶林内 ,主要伴生植物为白发藓Leucobryum glaucum、羽藓Thuidiumsp .、刀叶树平藓Homaliodendronscalpellifolium和膜蕨Hymenophyllumsp .等 ,喜阴湿及西北向散射光 ,其附生树种没有明显的专一性。与所处的森林群落土壤环境相比 ,尖叶拟船叶藓群落附生基质中K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu的含量较高 ,Mn、Zn、P的含量低。与伴生植物相比 ,尖叶拟船叶藓植物体内Fe含量高 ,K、Ca、Mg、Cu含量低 ,而Mn、Zn和P含量处于中等水平     

Chemical and Genetic Diversity of Some Ligularia Species (Compositae) in Northwestern Yunnan and Southwestern Sichuan of China

1Introduction Ligularia Cass., (Compositae) is a highly diversified genus, and more than 100 species of which are distributed in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent areas. Ligularia species have been studied with respect to secondary metabolites, and many sesquiterpenes of the furanoeremophilane type have been isolated from them. In order to find correlates among these variations, and ultimately understand the diversity-generating mechanism of Ligularia species in the Hengduan Mountains, we initiated an extensive study that uses furanoeremophilanes as a chemical index and the DNA sequence as a genetic index. Furanoeremophilanes have been detected conventionally by Ehrlich' s test, which has been used in a search for novel natural products. As for the DNA sequence, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the atpB-rbcL intergenic region in the present study.     

对云南施甸摆榔乡上泥盆统大寨门组和下石炭统香山组的重新厘定

小龙塘剖面位于云南省施甸县摆榔乡南东处,地层划分上属于藏滇地层大区东部的保山地层分区,施甸地层小区,奥陶-石炭世沉积普遍发育。剖面测制为一套开阔台地相(潮下带)碳酸盐岩沉积,岩层产状稳定,属单斜地层。与前人在该剖面上所划大寨门组、香山组从岩性上有所不同。根据建组剖面及区域对比,推测小龙塘地区晚泥盆-早石炭世沉积被姚关断裂及湾甸河断裂断蚀。据此,对小龙塘上泥盆统大寨门组和下石炭统香山组进行重新厘定,为1∶50 000湾甸坝幅区域地质矿产调查提供新的参考。     

扁胫甲—中国新纪录族,属及其一新种（鞘翅目：拟步甲科）

本文报道中国拟步甲科一新纪录族、属,即扁胫甲族Cataphronetini、扁胫甲属Phthora及其一新种:阿拉善扁胫甲Phthora alashanensis,采自内蒙古阿拉善右旗巴丹吉林沙漠,模式标本存放在宁夏农学院昆虫标本室。