濒危植物缙云卫矛的同工酶变异及生态遗传分化

运用电泳技术，测定了重庆北碚特产的缙云卫矛（Ｅｕｏｎｙｍｕｓｃｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ）３个居群３６个个体功能叶片的过氧化物酶（Ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＰＯＤ），酸性磷酸酯酶（Ａｃｉｄｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｅｓｔｅｒａｓｅ，ＡＣＰ）的同工酶谱带，并进行编码；然后采用ＲｏｇｅｒｓＴａｎｉｍｏｔｏ结合系数的组平均法（ＵＰＧＭＡ）对各酶谱带进行聚类分析；同时结合遗传杂合度（Ｈｅ）、遗传相似性系数（Ｉ）、遗传距离（Ｄ）进行分析．结果表明，来自同一居群的个体，不但同工酶谱相似性高、遗传杂合度小，而且遗传相似性系数大、遗传距离小，显示出居群内个体遗传分化小；显示出居群之间的个体却刚好相反．这是由于其特殊的生殖方式和环境隔离所致．     

Studies on the isozymic diferentiation in the endangered species Dutzia multiradiata (Hydrangeaceae)

研究了中国南川金佛山特产的濒危物种多辐溲疏（Ｄｅｕｔｚｉａｍｕｌｔｉｒａｄｉａｔａ）５个居群４１个个体叶片过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ），过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ），酯酶（ＥＳ），淀粉酶（ＡＡ），柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＣＤＨ）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（ＧＤＨ）同工酶谱带上的变异式样．对于所得酶谱带编码，构成二态数据矩阵，用Ｊａｃａｒｄ，ＳｏｋａｌＳｒｅａｔｈ和ＳｏｋａＭｉｃｈｅｎｅｒ结合系数计算，分别用组平均法（ＵＰＧＭＡ）和加权平均法（ＷＰＧＭＡ）对上述结合系数聚类．所有居群同工酶谱分布表明只有１３４６％的同工酶谱带在所有个体中是恒定的，８５５４％的同工酶谱带在个体间显示或多或少的变异．对居群而言大约４６％的同工酶谱带是恒定的，５４８６％的同工酶谱带有分化．聚类分析说明来自于同一居群的不同个体表现出极大相似性，而不同居群的个体表现极大趋异性，显示出酶谱带位置与居群生长的生境有显著的相关性．     

多辐溲疏居群过氧化物酶同工酶分化的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，测试了采自四川南川县金佛山不同生境的多辐溲疏５个居群５０株个体的过氧化物酶同工酶，对酶谱带位置进行了二态编码，然后采用Ｒｏｇｅｒｓ－Ｔａｎｉｍｏｔｏ，Ｓｏｋａｌ－Ｍｉｃｈ－ｅｎｅｒ，Ｓｏｋａｌ－Ｓｎｅａｔｈ，Ｊａｃｃａｒｄ等结合系数用组平均法（ＵＰＧＭＡ）对各谱带位置进行了聚类分析．结果表明，相同生境同一居群内的个体间表现出较大的遗传同质性，而来源于不同生境的不同居群个体间却呈现出较大的遗传趋异性；同时，５个居群不但具有许多共同谱带，而且整体相聚的结合系数大多超过０．５，这表明５个居群在很早以前可能是属于同一大居群，在长期进化过程中，由于微生境的地理与气候因子选择，使得多辐溲疏现仅在金佛山海拔６００～１２００ｍ的约ｋｍ２范围内呈岛状分布；又由于其特殊的繁殖方式——居群内个体虽能杂交，但因该种仅能正常开花传粉，大部分种子败育，使得居群内个体遗传变异性不能通过有性生殖方式固定下来，仅能通过营养繁殖方式繁殖后代，而正是营养繁殖导致了居群内较大遗传同质性以及居群间的遗传趋异性．在整个进化过程中生境只不过是对那些遗传变异起到了选择固定作用     

濒危植物缙云卫矛的酯酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶变异的数 …

采用酶电泳手段,测定了重庆北碚特产的昙２卫矛（Ｅｕｏｎｙｍｕｓ ｃｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ）３个居群３６个个体功能叶片的酯酶（Ｅｓ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的同工酶谱带,并进行二群体态数据编码,然后采用Ｓｏｋａｌ－Ｍｉｃｈｅｎｅｒ结合系数的加权平均法（ＷＰＧＭＡ）对各酶谱带相关数据进行聚类分析,并结合遗传杂合度（Ｈｅ）、遗传相似性系数（Ｉ）、遗传距离（Ｄ）等遗传分化度量指标的分析。结果表明,来     

缙云卫矛的遗传多样性研究

通过对特产于重庆地区的濒危物种缙云卫矛（Ｅｕｏｎｙｍｕｓ ｃｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ Ｙａｎｇ）７个居群９１个个体其功能叶片的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＹＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、酯酶（ＥＳ）、淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ）同工酶谱带的分析,研究了该植物的遗传多样性水平．结呆显示：缙云卫矛的所有居群都存在着一定数量的迁移率相同的主要酶谱带（４条）,占酶谱带总数的１０．８１％;５个酶系统共检测出酶谱带３７条,等位基因位点数１８个,其中多态位点数８个,单态位点数１０个,乡态位点百分数Ｐ＝４４、４４％,平均每个位点的等位基因素Ａ＝ｌ,５,平均期望杂合度Ｈｅ＝１８．８２％,平均实际杂合度Ｈ０＝２４．２３％．     

濒危物种多辐溲疏（绣球花科）的同工酶变异研究

研究了中国南川金佛山特产的濒危物种多辐溲疏５个居群４１个个体叶片过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ），过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、酯酶（ＥＳ）、淀粉酶（ＡＡ），柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＣＤＨ）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（ＧＤＨ）同工酶谱带上的变异式样，对于所得酶谱带编码，构成二态数据矩阵，用Ｊａｃｃａｒｄ，Ｓｏｋａｌ－Ｓｒｅａｔｈ和Ｓｏｋａ－Ｍｉｃｈｅｎｅｒ结合系数计算，分别用组平均法和加权平均法对上述结合系数聚类，所得居群同工酶谱分布表明     

果蝇姊妹种间亲缘关系的聚类分析

本文以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）技术分析了金色果蝇复合种（Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａａｕｒａｒｉａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ）的５个姊妹种共１７个地理种群及其它种类的５个地理种群的８种同工酶酶谱，根据其中７种酶（Ａｍｙ、Ａｏ、Ｅｓｔ、α－Ｇｐｄｈ、Ｍｄｈ、Ｍｅ、Ｔｙｒ、Ｔｏ）的条带特征按Ｆｏｒｇｕｓｏｎ及Ａｑｕａｄｏ　＆Ａｖｉｓｅ的公式分别计算遗传相似系数及遗传距离，以类平均法（ＵＰＧＭＡ）进行了聚类分析，绘制出８个种类共２２个地理种群的生化系统树，结合姊妹种间无选择杂交可能组合的结果讨论了ａｕｒａｒｉａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｃｏｒｎｐｌｅｘ各姊妹种间的亲缘关系、种化模式及分布在日本Ｋａｍｅｔｏｋｕ岛上的Ｄ．ｔｒｉａｕｒａｒｉａ发生分化的可能性。     

缙去山特有植物缙云黄芩的等位酶变异研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳检测了重庆缙云山特有植物缙去黄芩（Scutellaria tsinyunensis C.Y.Wu et S.chow)7个居群70个个体的过氧化物酶（POD）、细胞色素氧化酶（CYT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、淀粉酶（AMY）和酯酶（ES）5种等位酶谱带的变异式样。并将所得酶谱带进行编码，然后分别用Jaccard和Sokal-Michener结合系数结合不加权组平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类。7个居群等位酶谱带分布表明，只有15.56%的等位酶谱带在所有个体中是恒定的，其余84.44%的等位酶谱带在个体间显示出或多或少的变异。在居群水平上，也只有22．22％的等位酶谱带是恒定的，77．78％的等位酶谱带存在有分化。聚类分析结果表明缙云黄芩同一居群的个体间在等位酶谱带上表现出很大的相似性，即居群内个体间表现出较大的遗传同质性；而来源于不同居群的个体酶谱则表现出明显的趋异性，显示出缙云黄芩不同居群之间发生了较明显的遗传分化。     

安徽黄精属五种植物的同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了安徽产黄精属（ｐｏｌｙｙｏｎａｔｕｍ ｍｉｌｌ．）五种七个居群植物的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶,比较了居群间酶谱差异,并对获得的酶谱资料进行了聚类分析（ＵＰＧＭＡ）．结果表明：１）七个居群植物可明显分为５个有效种：Ａｌ和Ａ２为一种,Ｂ１和Ｂ２为一种,Ｃ,Ｄ,Ｅ分别为三个不同种,此结果与有关形态分类的研究结果一致;（２）酶谱特征显示居群间呈多样性;     

缙云山特有植物缙云黄芩的等位酶变异研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳检测了重庆缙云山特有植物缙云黄芩 (ScutellariatsinyunensisC Y WuetS chow) 7个居群 70个个体的过氧化物酶 (POD)、细胞色素氧化酶 (CYT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、淀粉酶 (AMY)和酯酶 (ES) 5种等位酶谱带的变异式样 .并将所得酶谱带进行编码 ,然后分别用Jaccard和Sokal Michener结合系数结合不加权组平均法 (UPGMA)进行聚类 .7个居群等位酶谱带分布表明 ,只有 15 5 6 %的等位酶谱带在所有个体中是恒定的 ,其余 84 44 %的等位酶谱带在个体间显示出或多或少的变异 .在居群水平上 ,也只有 2 2 2 2 %的等位酶谱带是恒定的 ,77 78%的等位酶谱带存在有分化 .聚类分析结果表明缙云黄芩同一居群的个体间在等位酶谱带上表现出很大的相似性 ,即居群内个体间表现出较大的遗传同质性 ;而来源于不同居群的个体酶谱则表现出明显的趋异性 ,显示出缙云黄芩不同居群之间发生了较明显的遗传分化     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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