提取高甲氧基果胶工艺条件的研究

以干柚皮为原料.采用稀盐酸萃取、乙醇沉淀工艺路线提取高甲氧基果胶,运用正交设计法安排试验,通过方差分析.考察萃取 pH 值、萃取温度、萃取时间、液比、漂洗温度、漂洗时间、沉淀剂乙醇最终浓度和沉淀时间对产品胶凝强度、纯度以及产率的影响.确定了生产高甲氧基果胶的最佳工艺条件.按此工艺条件制得的果胶胶凝强度为181°,纯度为73.2%.产率为12.1%.     

微波催化剂协同作用合成乳酸乙酯

采用微波辐射技术,在无水CaCl2催化下,乳酸与乙醇常压下直接合成乳酸乙酯。讨论了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量、带水剂的量及反应摩尔比等因素对酯产率的影响。最佳酯化条件为:醇酸摩尔比为2∶1,催化剂用量为乳酸用量的2.0%,带水剂15 mL,微波功率450 W,辐射时间45 min,乳酸乙酯产率可达89.2%。     

超声波-微波协同萃取虎杖中大黄素

以大黄素含量为指标对虎杖中有效成分进行了超声波-微波协同萃取。采用正交设计法优化了萃取条件。试验结果表明在超声波功率内置为50 W的仪器条件下影响大黄素萃取的主要因素依次是:乙醇浓度、提取时间、乙醇用量、微波功率。大黄素的最佳萃取条件是:乙醇浓度为90%,乙醇用量为75 mL,提取时间为5 min,微波功率为30 W。正交优化条件下,大黄素得率可达1.26%。萃取效果明显优于传统的溶剂回流方法和超临界流体萃取。     

籽瓜中提取果胶的工艺研究

籽瓜是西北地区特有的农产品,尚未进行过深入细致的开发。对其富含的果胶进行研究、开发籽瓜深加工工艺,不仅开辟了新的果胶资源,而且对西北农村有着重要的社会效益和经济效益。采用萃取方法从籽瓜中提取果胶,通过温度、PH值、萃取时间、浸提比(籽瓜重量与水重量之比)四个工艺参数对果胶收率做正交实验,得到的较优的工艺操作条件为:温度为85℃;PH值取2.5;萃取时间为2h;浸提比1∶1;所得高品质果胶的产率是14.1%。     

微波辐射下有机混合溶剂提取芝麻杆中木质素

采用1,4-丁二醇与丙三醇的混合溶剂作为萃取剂,微波辐射从芝麻秆中提取木质素.研究了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、固液比和萃取剂质量分数对芝麻杆中木质素提取率的影响,运用L9(34)正交试验对提取条件进行了优化.结果表明,影响木质素提取率的主次因素为微波辐射功率、萃取剂浓度、微波辐射时间及固液比.最佳提取条件:微波辐射功率900W,微波辐射时间40min,固液比1∶12(g∶mL),萃取剂质量分数ω=90%,木质素的萃取率为65.3%.萃取剂蒸馏除去水分可重复循环使用.     

微波辅助提取马铃薯粉渣中果胶工艺研究

以马铃薯粉渣为原料,研究微波辅助提取果胶工艺.对比了液料比、提取pH值、微波加热时间、微波功率和硫酸铝用量对果胶提取率的影响,确定优化提取方案.结果表明,优化的提取条件为:液料比15∶1,提取pH值为2,微波加热时间为5 min,微波功率0.4 kW,硫酸铝用量7 mL,果胶提取率为1.853 7%,比传统提取方法时间缩短、产率提高、大量节约溶剂.     

微波法从麦秸秆中提取木质素研究

探讨了用丙三醇为萃取剂,在微波辐射下提取麦秸秆中的木质素,得出其最佳提取条件:微波辐射功率640W,微波辐射时间45min,萃取剂丙三醇水溶液(质量分数90%),固液比为1:12(g:mL)。结果表明,该方法提取木质素,萃取率为41.2%,整个萃取工艺具有快速、高效的特点,萃取剂可循环使用,具有"节能减排"的现实意义和应用价值。     

花椒籽油的微波萃取工艺研究

以花椒籽为原料、无水乙醇为溶剂用微波辅助法萃取花椒籽油,研究了溶剂用量、萃取温度、微波功率、微波处理时间等条件对花椒籽油提取率的影响。结果表明：溶剂用量1∶7（g/mL）、微波处理温度65℃、微波功率为400W、微波处理时间为3.5min的工艺条件萃取效果最好,提取率可达18.68%。将花椒籽油添加到花生油中,以花生油的过氧化值为指标进行抗氧化性能测定,结果表明花籽椒油有明显的抗氧化性能。     

微波辅助提取贡菊中黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

以黄酮类化合物的提取含量为评价指标,采用微波辅助提取法,通过正交试验研究微波辐射时间、微波功率、乙醇浓度及其料液比等因素对提取率的影响.结果表明:提取黄酮类化合物最佳工艺条件为:70%乙醇做溶剂,辐射功率480 W,料液比1 g: 75 mL,辐射时间20 s/次×6次.该工艺简单、提取时间短、提取率高.     

微波辐射合成阿司匹林的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,选用不同催化剂,用微波法快速合成阿司匹林.通过实验考察了原料用量比、不同催化剂、微波辐射功率、辐射时间等因素对产率的影响,得到了最佳合成工艺条件:水杨酸和乙酸酐量的比为1∶1.5,微波功率为550 W,用乙酸钾作催化剂,辐射时间5 min时,纯化后产物产率高达81.46%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with