Bi2O3/Cu-O-Cr核壳结构纳米复合物的合成

采用沉淀法制得球形单分散Bi2O3纳米粒子；通过共沉淀法制备球形单分散Bi2O3／Cu-O-Cr核壳结构复合纳米材料,通过X射线衍射、透射电镜、能谱分析和红外光谱等技术表征所合成材料的成分组成、晶体结构、微现形貌以及颗粒尺寸，并对Bi2Oa／Cu-O-Cr核壳结构的复合纳米粒子的形成机理进行研究。研究结果表明：在包覆前先对Bi2O3粒子进行表面铵离子（NH4^＋）功能化是形成均匀核壳纳米结构的关键；铜铬包覆层以氨配合物的形式包在Bi2O3粒子表面，形成棱壳结构的复合粒子，复合粒子的平均粒度为78nm．核厚为60nm．     

官能团化聚丙烯改性Al（OH）3／PP复合材料的力学性能

用溶融挤出法制备了不同接枝率的官能团化聚丙烯（FPP）,研究了FPP对改性的Al(OH)3/PP复合材料的力学性能与断裂形态的影响,并对FPP在复合材料中作用机理进行了初步探讨,观察到随Al(OH)3用量增加,PP的拉伸强度和弯曲强度逐渐降低,断裂伸长率明显降低,FPP加入有利于Al(OH)3/PP复合材料力学性能改善、填料分散和增强填料与基体界面相互作用,尤其在高填料中功效更加明显。     

协效剂对聚丙烯/氢氧化镁复合材料阻燃和力学性能的影响

采用硬脂酸钠改性后的氢氧化镁与聚丙烯（PP）材料熔融共混,分别以二氧化硅或硼酸锌或聚磷酸铵与季戊四醇的混合物为协效剂,制备氢氧化镁填充量为50%（质量分数）的阻燃聚丙烯。考察了聚丙烯复合材料的燃烧性能、拉伸强度、冲击强度和断面形貌。结果表明：5%（质量分数）的硬脂酸钠改性氢氧化镁填充聚丙烯制备的复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度和分散性都高于未改性聚丙烯/氢氧化镁复合材料;当协效剂添加量不超过3%时,二氧化硅或硼酸锌对复合材料有协同阻燃和填充增强的作用;聚磷酸铵和季戊四醇的混合物与氢氧化镁有较好的协同阻燃作用,且随着用量的增加,复合材料拉伸强度下降,冲击强度变化不大。     

两类异质结构中光生电荷分离效率与光电性质

首先制备Cu4Bi4S9纳米带与石墨烯不同比例复合体系(CBS-graphene),其中石墨烯质量分数分别为:0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%,2.0%和2.4%.以α-Fe_2O_3为电子受主,CBS和CBS-graphene为电子施主,制备成α-Fe_2O_3/CBS、α-Fe_2O_3/CBS-graphene两类异质结构及体相异质结太阳能电池.XRD检测结果表明,异质结两组分都达到了良好的结晶状态;而且,两类复合体系都呈现出了复合结构的光吸收特性,但光吸收性质无明显差异.对于CBS-graphene,随着石墨烯含量逐步增加其光伏性质逐渐增强,当石墨烯质量分数为1.6%时达到最佳光伏响应强度,此后其光伏性质逐渐减弱.稳态和电场诱导表面光电压谱表明两类异质结都具有优越的光伏性质,但α-Fe_2O_3/CBS-graphene呈现出明显优于α-Fe_2O_3/CBS的光伏响应.基于石墨烯质量分数为1.6%,α-Fe_2O_3/CBS和α-Fe_2O_3/CBS-graphene两类体相异质结太阳能电池最高光电转换效率分别为3.1%和6.8%.从异质结厚度、能级匹配、石墨烯导电网络以及优越的电子传输特性几个方面,详细讨论了光生电荷分离的影响因素及光生电荷传输动力学.     

碳酸钙填充β-成核PP复合材料的力学性能

为研究β-晶对碳酸钙填充PP复合材料力学性能的影响,该文采用负载β-成核剂的纳米碳酸钙(β-CC)混合纳米碳酸钙(CC)或微米碳酸钙(WC)填充PP制备了β-PP复合材料及其PP-g-MA、POE-g-MA和EVA-g-MA作为相容剂的增容复合材料。力学性能研究结果表明,随着CC和WC用量增加,PP拉伸强度降低、模量提高;β-CC填充PP复合材料模量提高,拉伸强度变化不大。PP-g-MA增容提高填充PP复合材料拉伸强度、杨氏模量和冲击强度;POE-g-MA增容明显提高冲击强度,EVA-g-MA增容降低拉伸性能。β-CC/PP复合材料冲击强度随着β-CC用量增加而提高,β-CC/CC/PP和β-CC/WC/PP冲击强度高于CC/PP(w(CC)/w(PP)=5/95)和WC/PP(w(WC)/w(PP)=5/95)复合材料归结于高韧性β-晶形成。     

Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications

Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.     

苯甲酸/硬脂酸复合改性剂对PP/木粉复合材料性能的影响

采用苯甲酸(BA)/硬脂酸(SA)复合改性剂改性木粉,并制得聚丙烯(PP)/木粉复合材料,研究BA/SA复合改性剂配比及用量对PP/木粉复合材料力学性能及流动性能的影响.结果表明,随着改性剂的加入,复合材料力学性能和流动性能均有一定程度的提高.当BA/SA复合改性剂配比为1∶3时,复合材料力学性能和加工性能均出现最佳值.SEM分析表明,木粉经BA/SA复合改性剂处理后,木粉与PP基体树脂的相容性得到改善,界面变得模糊,因此在宏观上表现为复合材料的力学性能和流动性能提高.     

官能团化聚丙烯改性Al(OH)_3/PP复合材料的力学性能

用熔融挤出法制备了不同接枝率的官能团化聚丙烯（ＦＰＰ）,研究了ＦＰＰ对改性的Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３／ＰＰ复合 材料的力学性能与断裂形态的影响、并对ＦＰＰ在复合材料中作用机理进行了初步探讨．观察到随Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３ 用量增加,ＰＰ的拉伸强度和弯曲强度逐渐降低,断裂伸长率明显降低．ＦＰＰ加入有利于Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３／ＰＰ复合材 料力学性能改善、填料分散和增强填料与基体界面相互作用,尤其在高填料中功效更加明显．     

The Manufacture of Structured Flax/Hemp Fiber Thermoplastic Composites and Its Flexural Properties

Flax and hemp fibers were used as reinforcing materials to commingle with polypropylene (PP) fiber to realize the mixture of two materials at the stage of yarn.Meanwhile,PP filaments were introduced to produce a corespun yarn with flax/PP as core and PP filament as outer sheath.The commingled yarns were woven into 2D fabric which was used as the prefabricated material.The composite laminates were prepared by hot press technology.The effects of manufacture technology, yam structure,and fiber weight fraction on flexural properties of composites were investigated.     

钛酸酯偶联剂在木粉/PP复合材料中的应用

以钛酸酯为偶联剂,PP为基体,通过熔融共混法制备了木粉/PP复合材料。研究了偶联剂含量变化对复合材料力学性能及流动性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合体系的冲击断面形貌。结果表明:当偶联剂含量为2%时,35%木粉/PP复合材料体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度达到最大值,SEM照片表明偶联剂的加入改善了木粉与PP基体的界面结合,但由于木粉团聚,导致复合材料缺口冲击强度下降。偶联剂的加入改善了木粉/PP复合材料的加工流动性。     

Effect of sintering temperature on the preparation of Cu–Ti3SiC2 metal matrix composite

Ti3SiC2 has the potential to replace graphite as reinforcing particles in Cu matrix composites for applications in brush,electrical contacts and electrode materials.In this paper the fabrication of Cu-Ti3SiC2 metal matrix composites prepared by warm compaction powder metallurgy forming and spark plasma sintering(SPS) was studied.The stability of Ti3SiC2 at different sintering temperatures was also studied.The present experimental results indicate that the reinforcing particles in Cu-Ti3SiC2 composites are not stable at and above 800℃.The decomposition of Ti3SiC2 will lead to the formation of TiC and/or other carbides and TiSi2.If purity is the major concern,the processing and servicing temperatures of the Cu-Ti3SiC2 composite should be limited to 750℃ or lower.The composites prepared by warm compaction forming and SPS sintering at 750℃ have lower density when compared with the composites prepared by SPS sintering at 950℃,but their electrical resistivity values are very close to each other and even lower.     

铝液内部直接氧化法制备Al/Al2O3复合材料

提出一种在铝液内部用直接氧化法制Al／Al2O3复合材料的技术，通过在铝液内部吹氧，使熔融铝迅速氧化生成A12O3，凝固后获得具有弥散分布的Al／Al2O3质点的铝基复合材料，并对复合材料的微观结构及力学性能进行了观察分析。试验表明，复合材料中的Al／Al2O3质点分布均匀，通过调节吹氧时间，可方便地制备Al／Al2O3复合材料。     

硫酸钙晶须的制备及其改性聚丙烯性能的研究

在不同反应条件下制备了不同长径比的硫酸钙晶须(CSW),利用硅烷偶联剂KH550(相对于CSW质量的2%)在110 ℃下对CSW进行干法改性.以硫酸钙晶须作为增强改性剂制备了PP/CSW复合材料.力学性能与差示扫描量热分析(DSC)结果表明:不同长径比的CSW对PP的力学性能和结晶性能均有提高;采用平均长径比为29的CSW添加剂,当添加的质量分数为20%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲模量分别比纯PP的提高了11%、104%;结晶温度比纯PP的提高了12 ℃;几种CSW对复合材料的热稳定性和耐热性都有改善,且随着CSW质量分数的增加,材料的热稳定性和耐热性提高越显著.     

高导热碳/碳复合材料的制备

以中间相沥青和中间相沥青基碳纤维为原料, 采用碳布热压法、液相浸渍法制备了二维和三维高导热碳/碳复合材料, 且所制得复合材料的热导率分别高达443和340 W/(m·K). 依据碳/碳复合材料的热导率模型, 分析了不同结构特征参数对材料热导率的影响. 结果表明, 基体碳热导率、孔隙率以及界面相厚度均会在一定程度上影响材料的导热性能.     

碳掺杂pg-C3N4的制备及其光催化性能研究

为了提高单一半导体材料的光催化活性,采用水热法制备高比表面积的多孔石墨相氮化碳(pg-C₃N₄),通过碳掺杂和金纳米粒子(AuNPs)负载对pg-C₃N₄进行改性得到Au/pg-C@C₃N₄复合纳米材料,并对复合材料的组成、微观结构和性能进行表征。结果显示,碳元素的引入并未破坏pg-C₃N₄原有的片层结构,但明显提高了pg-C₃N₄的比表面积（高达158.2 m²/g）;AuNPs引入基体后,AuNPs的等离子共振效应可显著提高基体对可见光的吸收和光生电子-空穴的分离效率;当AuNPs含量为0.5%（质量分数）时,复合纳米材料具有最佳的光催化性能（表观反应速率常数k=0.078 4 s^-1）。因此,通过碳掺杂和纳米Au负载改性pg-C₃N₄可制备高活性复合光催化剂,为今后进一步提高氮化碳基催化剂的催化活性提供了理论基础。     

Ag/AgBr/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)催化剂的制备及可见光催化降解卡马西平

首先利用水热法制备了Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)纳米片,再通过原位沉积和光还原的方法制备了Ag/Ag Br/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)纳米片复合光催化剂.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射谱(DRS)及X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对其结构进行表征,以卡马西平(CBZ)作为目标污染物对其光催化活性进行评价.结果表明:Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)纳米片的厚度小于50 nm,长度小于500 nm.Ag/Ag Br的颗粒度小于20 nm.Ag/Ag Br的复合极大地提高了催化剂对卡马西平的光催化降解效率,光催化活性的提高主要是由于Ag/Ag Br可以显著抑制光生电子和空穴的复合.催化机理研究发现光生h~+在CBZ的光催化降解过程中起主要作用.     

超声波搅拌时间对原位自生Mg2Si/Al基复合材料凝固组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究铝基复合材料的凝固组织和力学性能,采用超声波搅拌的方法制备了原位自生Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析其微观形貌,并通过硬度检测和拉伸试验测试其力学性能.结果表明:超声波搅拌不但能够细化初生Mg₂Si颗粒,改变凝固组织形貌,而且具有除气除杂功能,二者共同提高了Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料的力学性能;经过超声波搅拌的Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料与未经过超声波搅拌的Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料相比,抗拉强度与伸长率总体呈上升趋势,其断口形貌均为准解理面.在超声时间为40 s时,抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大值,分别为201 MPa和5.63%,相比未超声处理的Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率,分别增长了139.29%和178.71%;复合材料的硬度先升高后降低,超声作用时间为30 s时硬度最佳,为116.96(HB).     

B掺杂介孔C/SiO2复合材料的自组装法合成及其CO2吸附性能

采用溶胶-凝胶结合协同自组装法,以三嵌段共聚物F127为模板剂,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,以酚醛树脂为碳源,改变硼酸三异丙酯硼源的投料量,制备了一系列具有丰富介孔结构的新型B掺杂介孔C/SiO₂复合材料(BC/SiO₂),研究B的掺杂量对BC/SiO₂复合材料CO₂吸附性能的影响,采用3种等温吸附模型(Langmuir、Freundlich和DSL)分别对CO₂等温吸附曲线进行拟合分析。结果表明:BC/SiO₂复合材料呈球形,且具有较高的比表面积和均一的孔径分布;在BC/SiO₂复合材料中,大部分B原子已被均匀掺入到碳骨架中,从而产生极性位点;BC/SiO₂复合材料对CO₂的吸附能力不仅与材料比表面积大小有关,同时也与B掺杂所产生极性位点数量相关;B掺杂的BC/SiO₂复合材料对CO₂分子存在2种不同强弱的吸附位点,CO₂吸附等温线符合DSL等温吸附模型。     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2 O3 和聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基 (PEEK)复合材料 ,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2 O3 和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明 ,纳米Al2 O3 使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善 ,其改善程度与纳米Al2 O3 的填充量有关 ,当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较低 (3% )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主 ;而当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较高 (10 % )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损 ;纳米Al2 O3 的含量为 5 %～ 7%时 ,PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低。随着载荷的增加 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势     

Growth characteristics of directionally solidified Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 ternary hypereutectic in situ composites under ultra-high temperature gradient

Oxide eutectic ceramic in situ composites have attracted significant interest in the application of high-temperature structural materials because of their excellent high-temperature strength,oxidation and creep resistance,as well as outstanding microstructural stability.The directionally solidified ternary Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 hypereutectic in situ composite was successfully prepared by a laser zone remelting method,aiming to investigate the growth characteristic under ultra-high temperature gradient.The microstructures and phase composition of the as-solidified hypereutectic were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the composite presents a typical hypereutectic lamellar microstructure consisting of fine Al2O3 and YAG phases,and the enriched ZrO2 phases with smaller sizes are randomly distributed at the Al2O3/YAG interface and in Al2O3 phases.Laser power and scanning rate strongly affect the sample quality and microstructure characteristic.Additionally,coarse colony microstructures were also observed,and their formation and the effect of temperature gradient on the microstructure were discussed.