混凝土断裂能G_F的尺寸效应研究

断裂能G_r是一个基于虚拟裂缝模型(FCM)并考虑了混凝土软化特性的断裂参数,此参数在混凝土结构的非线性开裂计算中是必不可少的。RILEM推荐采用三点弯曲梁作为测定G_r的试件,标准试件的断面尺寸为100mm×100mm,但也可采用更大尺寸的试件。因而,G_r的尺寸效应问题就必需研究。据此,作者进行了100mm×100mm×400mm,400mm×200mm×1600mm和800mm×400mm×3200mm三种尺寸的混凝土三点弯曲梁G_r的系列测试,发现G_r具有显著的尺寸效应。这一结论对大型混凝土结构的开裂分析有着重要的价值。本文就影响G_r尺寸效应的一些主要因素进行了分析和讨论。     

三点弯曲梁法研究混凝土断裂能及其试件尺寸影响

采用不同体积、厚度、跨度、高度４个系列计１４组最大尺寸为２４００ｍｉｎ×６００ｍｍ×６００ｍｍ的三点弯曲切口梁试件测试了混凝土断裂能ＧＦ．结果表明，断裂能有随试件体积的增大而增大、随试件跨度增大而减小的趋势。当试件厚度大于２００ｍｍ后，断裂能与试件厚度无关。随试件高度的增大，断裂能也随之增大．因此，混凝土断裂能同断裂韧度ＫＩＣ－样存在着明显的尺寸效应现象，其变化规律也基本一致．     

超高顶架施工方案设计

某税务大楼工程首层大堂层高12m,门廊、停车廊层高11.9m,其上主框架梁最大截面尺寸400×1400mm,最大跨度15m。为保证施工质量和安全,采用满堂红钢管脚手架作上部楼盖模板支撑,钢管间距为双向900mm×900mm布置。梁下门架纵向间距600mm,楼板下部门架纵向间距1800mm,梁下楞条及托梁采用100×100mm新木枋。门架的横向间距为<1200mm。支撑体系由门架、连接头、可调底座、顶托、斜撑及加固钢管组成。本工程除使用门架配件斜拉杆按每层每跨拉结外,还设置双向水平拉结杆和剪刀撑。水平拉结杆按顶部、中部及底部设置三道,水平间距按每5跨门架设置,剪…     

混凝土断裂特性的实验研究

由楔入劈拉和三点弯曲梁断裂实验模型,测定了带预制裂缝混凝土试件的变形随加载而变化的规律,得到了反映混凝土断裂特性的数据曲线. 采用电测法对楔入劈拉试件的断裂过程进行了测定;用电子散斑干涉法（electric speckle pattern interferometry）测定了三点弯曲梁的裂纹端部的面内位移,为深入研究混凝土断裂特性提供了有效的实验分析方法.     

加载速率对低合金钢缺口断裂行为的影响

通过对低合金钢(FCW-62)在-100℃1～500mm/min不同加载速率下缺口试样四点弯曲实验及断裂应的测量,研究了加载速率对低合金钢缺口试样断裂行为的影响.结果表明:加载速率较低时,断裂应力较高;加载速率较高时,断裂应力较低.断裂应力的变化是由断裂的临界事件随加载速率的变化引起的,并且当临界事件相同时断裂应力不随加载速率变化.当加载速率在30mm/min左右时,缺口韧性随加载速率的增加迅速下降,这是由于断裂应力在此时发生了突然改变.     

砼断裂韧度尺寸效应的试验研究

为研究混凝土断裂韧度的尺寸效应,将基于Weibull统计破坏的尺度律与基于Bazant能量释放的统一尺度律进行对比,进行了三种混凝土断裂韧度,即起裂韧度 、失稳韧度 及临界裂缝尖端张开位移CTODc的试验研究。采用在建桥梁所用高强混凝土材料制作了6组几何相似,最大尺寸为S×H×B=1280 mm×320 mm×160 mm,总共18根带预制缺口的素混凝土平面应变三点弯曲试件,应用MTS材料试验机、动态应变仪等测试手段获得了试件的载荷-加载点位移、载荷-裂缝口张开位移全过程曲线以及裂缝前沿应变等。计算结果发现考虑了裂缝前沿过程区影响后的混凝土断裂韧度仍然表现出一定程度的尺寸效应,而Bazant统一尺寸效应律较Weibull尺寸效应律更适合预测大尺寸混凝土材料的断裂韧度。     

钢纤维高强混凝土的配合比设计

结合钢纤维高强混凝土的工作特点,对钢纤维高强混凝土的原材料选择要求与配合比设计进行了阐述.根据设计的钢纤维高强混凝土配合比,浇筑了168个150 mm×150 mm×150 mm立方体、30个100 mm×100 mm×400 mm和60个150 mm×150 mm×450 mm棱柱体钢纤维高强混凝土试件,并测试了其基本力学指标.结果表明,通过材料优选和适宜的配合比设计,采用常规制备工艺可以配制出拌和性能良好及满足强度要求的钢纤维高强混凝土.     

一种新型眼科超声生物显微镜

介绍一种新型的眼科超声生物显微镜系统．该系统利用长焦距(13mm)换能器和机械扇扫, 实现了宽景扫描,具有4．8 mm×6 mm 和9．6 mm×12 mm 两种扫描窗宽．使用长焦距换能器还使得检查时换能器远离角膜,极大地减小角膜损伤的风险．用现场可编程门阵列器件(FPGA)实现了硬件动态帧平均从而增强了图像的信噪比．系统中心频率为50MHz,纵向和横向分辨力分别为50 μm 和100μm．一个专门设计的层状靶被用来测试系统的纵向分辨力,其独特的结构保证了高分辨力超声设备的测试精度．     

计算大理岩带直切口三点弯曲棒梁试件的动应力强度因子的近似公式

在中等加载速率下，推导出对大理岩带垂直切口三点弯曲圆棒梁试件动应力强度因子的一般近似公式和断裂时的临界动应力强度因子的表达式。     

CFRC复合梁力学性能试验研究

碳纤维混凝土(CFRC)复合梁是在普通混凝土梁中掺入短切碳纤维,以此改善混凝土的性能.碳纤维弹性模量高,将其掺入混凝土中能改善混凝土的韧性并起到增强阻裂的效果.通过四点加载试验,研究普通混凝土梁与不同纤维层厚度、不同纤维长度的复合梁的弯曲破坏机理、荷载挠度行为、裂缝形态等.试验结果表明,在混凝土梁的受拉区掺入短切碳纤维可以有效改善其变形能力;碳纤维对混凝土裂缝扩展的抑制、裂缝形态的改善效果较好;纤维层厚75mm、纤维长度10mm的复合梁性能最优.最后提出了CFRC弯曲构件极限承载力的计算公式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that