包裹SiO2薄层的Fe3O4纳米颗粒体系中增强的隧穿磁电阻效应

Fe₃O₄是一种半金属材料,在金属磁性氧化物当中有着较高的居里温度(858K), 因此在自旋电子应用当中有广阔的前景。通过在直径大约200 nm的单分散Fe₃O₄微球外包裹一层绝缘的SiO₂壳层而人工引入晶界,再冷压烧结成块状制成样品。与包膜前相比,样品的磁电阻效应大为增强,而且两者磁电阻的行为明显不同,后者在高场下出现一个线性关系,这是由SiO₂ 晶界引起的,相关的探索给出了一条新的提高磁电阻效应的途径。     

包裹SiO_2薄层的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒体系中增强的隧穿磁电阻效应

Fe3O4是一种半金属材料,在金属磁性氧化物当中有着较高的居里温度(858K),因此在自旋电子应用当中有广阔的前景。通过在直径大约200nm的单分散Fe3O4微球外包裹一层绝缘的SiO2壳层而人工引入晶界,再冷压烧结成块状制成样品。与包膜前相比,样品的磁电阻效应大为增强,而且两者磁电阻的行为明显不同,后者在高场下出现一个线性关系,这是由SiO2晶界引起的,相关的探索给出了一条新的提高磁电阻效应的途径。     

纳米金属氧化物对水泥基材料力学性能的增强效应

为了区别6种纳米金属氧化物(Al2O3、CuO、ZrO2、MgO、Fe3O4和Fe2O3)对水泥基材料力学性能的贡献。通过等质量替代(2%和4%)水泥,制备水泥基材料,测试其力学性能。结果表明：纳米Al2O3、CuO、ZrO2、MgO、Fe3O4和Fe2O3均能提高水泥基材料的抗折强度和抗压强度,纳米ZrO2的增强作用最大,28d~90d时分别为34%~47%和28%~51%,纳米CuO的增强作用最小,28d~90d时分别为4%~9%和4%~10%。通过影响系数和增长速率的计算发现,6种金属氧化物对水泥基材料的促进作用主要集中在28d前,28d后的促进作用不明显。分析认为,6种纳米金属氧化物在水泥基材料中主要发挥填充作用,晶核作用和表面活性作用,达到促进水泥颗粒水化、提高其密实度和力学性能的目的。     

Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO-SiO_2-FeO oxides and an Fe-Mn-Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K

To clarify the influence of Fe O and sulfur on solid state reaction between an Fe-Mn-Si alloy and Mn O-Si O2-Fe O oxides under the restricted oxygen diffusion flux, two diffusion couples with different sulfur contents in the oxides were produced and investigated after heat treatment at 1473 K. The experimental results were also compared with previous work in which the oxides contained higher Fe O. It was found that although the Fe O content in the oxides decreased from 3wt% to 1wt% which was lower than the content corresponding to the equilibrium with molten steel at 1873 K, excess oxygen still diffused from the oxides to solid steel during heat treatment at 1473 K and formed oxide particles. In addition, increasing the sulfur content in the oxides was observed to suppress the diffusion of oxygen between the alloy and the oxides.     

纯手性Fe(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构及磁性质

合成和表征了两个纯手性的单核Fe(Ⅱ)希夫碱配合物fac-Λ-[Fe(R-L)3〗(ClO4)2(1)和fac-Λ-[Fe(R-L)3〗(BF4)2(2)(R-L=1-(1-萘基)-N-(1H-咪唑-4-亚甲基)乙胺)。X-射线单晶衍射结果表明,配合物1和2都结晶于手性空间群P213,配合物1的晶胞参数为a=b=c=16.979(6)×10-10m,α=β=γ=90°,配合物2的晶胞参数为a=b=c=16.704(2)×10-10m,α=β=γ=90°。在这两个配合物中,Fe(Ⅱ)中心与3个双齿配体提供的6个N原子配位,形成变形八面体配位环境,且R-L配体都诱导配合物呈现单一的fac-Λ构型。变温磁性研究表明,配合物1和2在常温处于高自旋态(S=2),随着温度的降低,金属中心之间存在弱的反铁磁性耦合作用,不同阴离子的引入未对金属中心的自旋状态带来明显变化。     

基于过渡金属氧化物载氧体的煤矿通风瓦斯处理性能

采用反应管对基于过渡金属氧化物载氧体的煤矿通风瓦斯(VAM)处理性能展开了研究.结果表明,经活化后的三种载氧体均能将CH4完全转化为CO2,其活性顺序为CuO60/γ-Al2 O3>NiO60/γ-Al2 O3>Fe2 O360/γ-Al2 O3;基于CuO60/γ-Al2 O3的CH4转化率随空速的增加而减小,随CuO负载量和床层温度的升高而增大;煤矿通风瓦斯中的CH4浓度越低,CH4转化率达到90%所需的床层温度就越低;对活性物质低分散高负载的CuO60/γ-Al2 O3和活性物质高分散低负载的CuO5.5/γ-Al2 O3两种CuO/γ-Al2 O3系载氧体进行了比较,发现两种载氧体的CH4转化机理均包含有化学链燃烧和催化燃烧两种机理,基于催化燃烧机理的CH4转化率在一定温度下存在极大值,当床层温度高于该极大值温度时,化学链燃烧对CH4转化率的贡献明显大于催化燃烧对CH4转化率的贡献;相同条件下,CuO5.5/γ-Al2 O3的初期活性优于Cu60/γ-Al2 O3,但CuO60/γ-Al2 O3的活性稳定性优于CuO5.5/γ-Al2 O3.     

纳米LaFeO_3和SrFeO_3制备、表征及光催化活性研究

该文主要采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米LaFeO3和SrFeO3,并采用XRD,TEM等技术对其进行表征,并以其为光催化剂在荧光汞灯照射下对水溶性染料进行降解实验,结果表明采用溶胶-凝胶法合成的SrFeO3光催化活性高于LaFeO3。通过XPS分析认为SrFeO3的光催化活性远远高于LaFeO3,主要取决于SrFeO3中表面吸附氧的含量远远大于LaFeO3中表明吸附氧的含量。     

Zr-Mn-Fe/Al_2O_3的低温脱硝性能

采用浸渍法用ZrOCl2.8H2O,Mn(NO3)2.6H2O和Fe(NO3)3.9H2O制备了Zr-Mn-Fe/Al2O3复合催化剂.通过调节质量分数分别为2%,5%和10%金属元素锰和锆的负载量制备了不同的催化剂,测试了其在NH3条件下的低温脱硝活性,研究了不同组分配比和氧气含量对催化剂脱硝性能的影响.通过在载体上分别单独负载Mn,Fe和Zr来探究脱硝过程中起主要作用的催化活性组分.实验结果表明,在体积分数φ(NO)=0.05%,摩尔比n(NH3)∶n(NO)=1∶1和φ(O2)=3.6%的条件下,制备的催化剂5Zr-5Mn-10Fe/Al2O3表现出很高的催化活性,在180℃时脱除效率超过了98%,是一种良好的低温SCR催化剂.Mn在脱硝过程中是主要的活性组分,而Zr和Fe是助催化组分.此外,在反应过程中通入一定的氧气,可以明显提高NO的脱除效率,能促进NO的转化.     

Ce(Y,Eu)-Ba-Cu氧化物超导性能的研究

研究分别由 CeO_2和 Ce_2(C_2O_4)_3作为起始原料制备的名义成分为 CeBa_2Cu_3Oy样品以及 Ce(Y,Eu)-Ba-Cu-O 系列样品的工艺过程和测量结果.实验表明,Ce和 Ba 氧化物具有极强的形成 BaCeO_3的趋势,阻止了缺氧钙钛矿结构的形成.在 CeBa_2Cu_3Oy 中非化学计量添加 Y 获得了转变温度为85K 的超导体,本文给出了其电阻、磁化率及元素含量分析结果.     

FeCr2S4样品的电磁特性

本文研究了FeCr2S4多晶样品的电磁特性，实验结果表明样品没有价态的变化，体系中不存在双交换作用，导电来源于Fe3d巡游电子，确证Tc以上的输运行为属于磁极化子导电，通过提出磁极化子逐步退局域的图像，同时考虑磁振子散射，解释了整个温区的电阻率行为，外加磁场有利于磁极化子的退局域，因此在Tc附近出现巨磁阻效应。     

PVP辅助水热法制备Fe_2O_3/石墨烯纳米复合材料

纳米结构过渡金属氧化物与石墨烯的复合材料,已被证明是高可逆比容量和优异循环稳定性的新型锂离子电池负极材料之一,其制备工艺尤为重要。以九水硝酸铁、氧化石墨为原料,采用PVP辅助水热法制备Fe_2O_3/石墨烯纳米复合材料,探讨水热反应温度、反应时间条件对Fe_2O_3结构的影响,利用XRD和TEM对样品结构及形貌进行表征。结果表明:水热反应的最佳条件是温度为160℃、时间为12 h,制备得到Fe_2O_3粒径大小约为34砌,结晶度高,且均匀地分散在石墨烯表面。     

过渡金属掺杂的I-III-VI_2黄铜矿电磁性质的第一性原理研究

应用自旋极化的第一性原理对过渡金属(TM=V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和N i)掺杂的CuGaSe2和CuGaS2进行研究.计算结果表明:Cr和Mn掺杂的I-III-VI2稀磁半导体(DMS)表现为铁磁性质,而V、Fe、Co和Ni掺杂时表现为反铁磁性质.对稀磁半导体的磁矩研究,其结果符合一条简单的规律:当磁性离子3d的t2g轨道完全被占据时,磁性离子的磁矩比理论的期望值小;当磁性离子3d的t2g轨道处于全空时,磁性离子的磁矩比理论的期望值大;而当磁性离子3d的t2g轨道处于部分被占据时,磁性离子的磁矩与理论值的差距主要取决于晶体的对称性和磁性离子的状态.     

Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO-SiO2-FeO oxides and an Fe-Mn-Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K

To clarify the influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between an Fe?Mn?Si alloy and MnO?SiO2?FeO oxides under the restricted oxygen diffusion flux, two diffusion couples with different sulfur contents in the oxides were produced and investigated after heat treatment at 1473 K. The experimental results were also compared with previous work in which the oxides contained higher FeO. It was found that although the FeO content in the oxides decreased from 3wt% to 1wt% which was lower than the content corresponding to the equilibrium with molten steel at 1873 K, excess oxygen still diffused from the oxides to solid steel during heat treatment at 1473 K and formed oxide particles. In addition, increasing the sulfur content in the oxides was observed to suppress the diffusion of oxygen between the alloy and the oxides.     

Strongly linked current flow in polycrystalline forms of the superconductor MgB2

The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride, MgB2, raises many issues, a critical one being whether this material resembles a high-temperature copper oxide superconductor or a low-temperature metallic superconductor in terms of its behaviour in strong magnetic fields. Although the copper oxides exhibit very high transition temperatures, their in-field performance is compromized by their large anisotropy, the result of which is to restrict high bulk current densities to a region much less than the full magnetic-field-temperature (H-T) space over which superconductivity is found. Moreover, the weak coupling across grain boundaries makes transport current densities in untextured polycrystalline samples low and strongly sensitive to magnetic field. Here we report that, despite the multiphase, untextured, microscale, subdivided nature of our MgB2 samples, supercurrents flow throughout the material without exhibiting strong sensitivity to weak magnetic fields. Our combined magnetization, magneto-optical, microscopy and X-ray investigations show that the supercurrent density is mostly determined by flux pinning, rather than by the grain boundary connectivity. Our results therefore suggest that this new superconductor class is not compromized by weak-link problems, a conclusion of significance for practical applications if higher temperature analogues of this compound can be discovered.     

铁液中Al-C复合脱氧热力学

利用热力学方法,针对铁液中铁水深脱硫条件所需要的低氧含量,研究了Al-C-O平衡时铁溶液中氧含量的变化规律.通过对C、Al及Al-C复合脱氧反应脱氧常数的比较得出,在1573K温度下,铁液中用Al-C复合脱氧,其脱氧能力比单独使用C脱氧能力强.用热力学理论得出1573K温度下铁液中用Al-C复合脱氧的平衡曲线.研究表明:在温度一定时,随着C的活度aC的增大,Al-C复合脱氧能力逐渐增强;在aC一定的情况下,随着温度的升高,Al-C复合脱氧能力逐渐减弱.     

Magnetic order close to superconductivity in the iron-based layered LaO1-xFxFeAs systems

Following the discovery of long-range antiferromagnetic order in the parent compounds of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides, there have been efforts to understand the role of magnetism in the superconductivity that occurs when mobile 'electrons' or 'holes' are doped into the antiferromagnetic parent compounds. Superconductivity in the newly discovered rare-earth iron-based oxide systems ROFeAs (R, rare-earth metal) also arises from either electron or hole doping of their non-superconducting parent compounds. The parent material LaOFeAs is metallic but shows anomalies near 150 K in both resistivity and d.c. magnetic susceptibility. Although optical conductivity and theoretical calculations suggest that LaOFeAs exhibits a spin-density-wave (SDW) instability that is suppressed by doping with electrons to induce superconductivity, there has been no direct evidence of SDW order. Here we report neutron-scattering experiments that demonstrate that LaOFeAs undergoes an abrupt structural distortion below 155 K, changing the symmetry from tetragonal (space group P4/nmm) to monoclinic (space group P112/n) at low temperatures, and then, at approximately 137 K, develops long-range SDW-type antiferromagnetic order with a small moment but simple magnetic structure. Doping the system with fluorine suppresses both the magnetic order and the structural distortion in favour of superconductivity. Therefore, like high-T(c) copper oxides, the superconducting regime in these iron-based materials occurs in close proximity to a long-range-ordered antiferromagnetic ground state.     

Disruption of extended defects in solid oxide fuel cell anodes for methane oxidation

Point defects largely govern the electrochemical properties of oxides: at low defect concentrations, conductivity increases with concentration; however, at higher concentrations, defect-defect interactions start to dominate. Thus, in searching for electrochemically active materials for fuel cell anodes, high defect concentration is generally avoided. Here we describe an oxide anode formed from lanthanum-substituted strontium titanate (La-SrTiO3) in which we control the oxygen stoichiometry in order to break down the extended defect intergrowth regions and create phases with considerable disordered oxygen defects. We substitute Ti in these phases with Ga and Mn to induce redox activity and allow more flexible coordination. The material demonstrates impressive fuel cell performance using wet hydrogen at 950 degrees C. It is also important for fuel cell technology to achieve efficient electrode operation with different hydrocarbon fuels, although such fuels are more demanding than pure hydrogen. The best anode materials to date--Ni-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) cermets--suffer some disadvantages related to low tolerance to sulphur, carbon build-up when using hydrocarbon fuels (though device modifications and lower temperature operation can avoid this) and volume instability on redox cycling. Our anode material is very active for methane oxidation at high temperatures, with open circuit voltages in excess of 1.2 V. The materials design concept that we use here could lead to devices that enable more-efficient energy extraction from fossil fuels and carbon-neutral fuels.     

低浓度甲醇完全氧化钙钛矿型La1-xSrxMnO3催化剂研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ｌａ１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３,研究其对低浓度甲醇完全氧化催化性能．实验结果表明：Ｓｒ２＋取代量和样品焙烧温度对催化剂活性均有显著影响,以８７３Ｋ焙烧的Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３的催化活性为佳;催化剂的ＢＥＴ,ＸＰＳ,Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ,Ｈ２－ＴＰＲ表征研究结果证实,较大的比表面,较高的表面Ｍｎ浓度和氧吸附量都有利于催化剂活性的提高．     

轻质油藏注空气过程中原油低温氧化反应的O2-CO2转换率

根据注空气过程中原油低温氧化反应机理和实验结果,分析氧气消耗率和CO2转换率及其影响因素。根据不同条件下原油低温氧化实验和高温氧化实验,计算分析了不同反应条件下的CO2转换率。实验结果表明,原油的低温氧化活性和CO2转化率主要受原油种类、反应温度、气体压力和砂的影响。温度和压力越高,反应速率越快,氧气消耗越完全,CO2转换率越大;加入砂后,反应速率加快,氧气消耗量增多,CO2转换率增高。与高温氧化相比,低温氧化的CO2转换率低于65%,通常在20%~50%范围内。     

Two-band superconductivity in LaFeAsO0.89F0.11 at very high magnetic fields

The recent synthesis of the superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) with transition temperature T(c) approximately 26 K (refs 1-4) has been quickly followed by reports of even higher transition temperatures in related compounds: 41 K in CeFeAsO(0.84)F(0.16) (ref. 5), 43 K in SmFeAsO(0.9)F(0.1) (ref. 6), and 52 K in NdFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) and PrFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) (refs 7, 8). These discoveries have generated much interest in the mechanisms and manifestations of unconventional superconductivity in the family of doped quaternary layered oxypnictides LnOTMPn (Ln: La, Pr, Ce, Sm; TM: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; Pn: P, As), because many features of these materials set them apart from other known superconductors. Here we report resistance measurements of LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) at high magnetic fields, up to 45 T, that show a remarkable enhancement of the upper critical field B(c2) compared to values expected from the slopes dB(c2)/dT approximately 2 T K(-1) near T(c), particularly at low temperatures where the deduced B(c2)(0) approximately 63-65 T exceeds the paramagnetic limit. We argue that oxypnictides represent a new class of high-field superconductors with B(c2) values surpassing those of Nb(3)Sn, MgB(2) and the Chevrel phases, and perhaps exceeding the 100 T magnetic field benchmark of the high-T(c) copper oxides.