量子点中双激子的关联能

采用精确对角化方法,研究了限制在半导体量子点中双激子的量子尺寸效应.计算了双激子量子点的基态和低激发态的关联能随限制强度大小变化的关系,揭示了双激子量子点的基态和低激发态能谱的重要性质.我们发现随着限制强度的增加,双激子量子点的基态和低激发态的关联能变化是不同的;我们还发现限制可以引起不同低激发态能级的偶然简并和能级的反转.这些性质都与系统的交换和旋转对称性有关.     

对称量子点花样体系壳层结构的研究

利用从头计算的非限制Hartee-Fock-Roothaan(UHFR)方法．计算三量子点花样体系的基态能，进而研究它的化学势、附加能谱和电子电容谱，对于量子点花样中的每一个量子点。采用球型有限深势阱，计算结果表明，计算方法和理论模型可以很好地给出类单量子点电子的壳层填充结构．     

声子之间相互作用对量子点中激子性质的影响

本文采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究了抛物型量子点中强耦合激子的性质．当计及电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间的相互作用时,讨论了量子点中激子的基态能量的影响．以氯化铊半导体为例进行了数值计算,结果表明：激子的基态能量随量子点半径的增大而减小,随量子点受限强度的增大而增大．     

声子之间相互作用对弱耦合量子点中极化子内声子平均数的影响

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法,研究了量子点中弱耦合极化子的性质。在考虑声子之间相互作用时,讨论了极化子的基态能量随量子点受限长度和平均声子数的变化关系。数值计算结果表明：极化子的基态能量和平均声子数都随量子点受限长度的增加而减少,平均声子数随基态能量的增加而增加。在基态能量相同时,考虑声子之间相互作用时的平均声子数比不考虑声子相互作用时的平均声子数要小一些,即声子之间的相互作用对量子点中平均声子数影响不能忽略。     

非对称量子点中弱耦合极化子激发态的性质

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法,研究非对称量子点中弱耦合极化子的激发态性质．导出弱耦合极化子的第一内部激发态能量、激发能量和共振频率随量子点的横向和纵向有效受限长度的变化关系以及第一内部激发态能量与电子-声子耦合强度的变化关系．数值计算结果表明：第一内部激发态能量、激发能量和共振频率随量子点的横向和纵向有效受限长度的减小而迅速增大,表现出奇特的量子尺寸效应．     

非对称量子点极化子平均声子数的温度效应

采用线性组合算符和么正变换方法研究了非对称量子点中强耦合极化子平均声子数的温度效应。导出了极化子平均声子数随有效受限强度、温度的变化关系。选择RbCl晶体进行数值计算，结果表明：声子平均数随有效受限强度、温度的升高而增加。     

双层量子点中的带负电荷激子

利用精确对角化方法,研究了抛物势双层量子点中带负电荷激子的1S态和3P态的关联能与量子点的束缚势大小的变化关系,以及1S态对应几个不同的量子点间点与点的距离的束缚能随束缚势大小的变化关系,计算了电子与空穴质量比为σ=0.677和σ=0.197的缚能随束缚势大小的变化关系.     

Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots

Control over the interaction between single photons and individual optical emitters is an outstanding problem in quantum science and engineering. It is of interest for ultimate control over light quanta, as well as for potential applications such as efficient photon collection, single-photon switching and transistors, and long-range optical coupling of quantum bits. Recently, substantial advances have been made towards these goals, based on modifying photon fields around an emitter using high-finesse optical cavities. Here we demonstrate a cavity-free, broadband approach for engineering photon-emitter interactions via subwavelength confinement of optical fields near metallic nanostructures. When a single CdSe quantum dot is optically excited in close proximity to a silver nanowire, emission from the quantum dot couples directly to guided surface plasmons in the nanowire, causing the wire's ends to light up. Non-classical photon correlations between the emission from the quantum dot and the ends of the nanowire demonstrate that the latter stems from the generation of single, quantized plasmons. Results from a large number of devices show that efficient coupling is accompanied by more than 2.5-fold enhancement of the quantum dot spontaneous emission, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.     

电子速度对半导体量子点中极化子的声子平均数的影响

采用改进的线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究半导体量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的振动频率和声子平均数的性质．导出了电子速度对半导体量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的声子平均数的影响．数值计算结果表明：半导体量子点中强耦合极化子的振动频率随量子点的受限强度的增加而增大，半导体量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的声子平均数随电子速度的增加而增加     

量子点的尺寸效应及声子对激子基态结合能的影响

利用变分法研究了有很小厚度圆盘形GaAs量子点模型中激子的基态结合能,及电子-空穴间距随量子点尺寸变化的规律．考察了电子-空穴的关联明显加强时及完全束缚发生时量子点的横向尺度,初步考虑了体纵光学声子对量子点中激子基态结合能的影响,得出一些定性的结论。     

极化子速率对非对称量子点中极化子性质的影响

采用改进的线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究极化子的速率对非对称量子点中弱耦合极化子性质的影响.导出了极化子速率对非对称量子点中弱耦合极化子声子平均数的影响.数值计算结果表明：非对称量子点中弱耦合极化子的振动频率随量子点的横向和纵向受限长度的增大而增大.非对称量子点弱耦合极化子的声子平均数随极化子速率的增加而增大.     

内建电场对纤锌矿InxGa1-xN/GaN单量子点光学特性的影响

利用有效质量近似和变分原理,考虑量子点的三维约束效应,对柱形量子点光学特性在有无内建电场时随量子点结构参数的变化进行研究.结果表明:内建电场对量子点的发光波长和激子基态振子强度等光学性质有重要的影响,其中量子点高度的变化对量子点光学特性的影响要比量子点半径的变化对量子点光学特性的影响更明显.     

Hybridization of electronic states in quantum dots through photon emission

The self-assembly of semiconductor quantum dots has opened up new opportunities in photonics. Quantum dots are usually described as 'artificial atoms', because electron and hole confinement gives rise to discrete energy levels. This picture can be justified from the shell structure observed as a quantum dot is filled either with excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) or with electrons. The discrete energy levels have been most spectacularly exploited in single photon sources that use a single quantum dot as emitter. At low temperatures, the artificial atom picture is strengthened by the long coherence times of excitons in quantum dots, motivating the application of quantum dots in quantum optics and quantum information processing. In this context, excitons in quantum dots have already been manipulated coherently. We show here that quantum dots can also possess electronic states that go far beyond the artificial atom model. These states are a coherent hybridization of localized quantum dot states and extended continuum states: they have no analogue in atomic physics. The states are generated by the emission of a photon from a quantum dot. We show how a new version of the Anderson model that describes interactions between localized and extended states can account for the observed hybridization.     

D-中心量子点的极化子效应

利用少体物理的方法，研究了半导体量子点中负施主杂质低激发态能谱的极化子效应，发现随着量子点的尺寸改变，有和没有电－声相互作用的影响，其能级顺序的改变是不一样的。另一方面，我们计算了负施主杂质中心的基本束缚能随量子点半径的变化关系，发现电－声耦合相互作用对束缚能有明显增强效果。     

Rashba效应影响下半导体量子点中强耦合极化子的声子平均数

采用改进的线性组合算符方法，研究了Rashba效应影响下半导体量子点中强耦合极化子的光学声子平均数．导出在电子-体纵光学声子（LO）强耦合时抛物量子点中极化子的光学声子平均数、振动频率、相互作用能和有效质量随受限强度和Rashba自旋-轨道耦合常数的变化．数值计算结果表明Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用使极化子的有效质量、基态能分裂为上下两支，随耦合常数的增加极化子基态能量、有效质量表现为增加和较少两种截然相反的情形；Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用影响下强耦合极化子的光学声子平均数随量子点的受限强度、电子声子耦合强度增大而增大，极化子的相互作用能随受限强度的增加先急剧增加，当达到极值后随受限强度的增加而急剧减少．     

量子线与量子点中的量子态

本文简要地介绍了量子线与量子点的概念，并说明可利用电容测量研究低维系统的性质。     

抛物柱形量子点中电子拉曼散射的研究(英文)

以GaAs材料为例,利用有效质量近似和微扰理论研究了抛物柱形量子点中的电子拉曼散射.考虑电子完全限制在量子点内,导带和价带为分立的抛物形能带.研究了跃迁的选择定则.计算结果表明,微分散射截面是散射频率、柱面半径和量子点本征频率的函数.确定并解释了散射谱的最大值.由于量子受限效应,散射谱的最大值随着限制势频率的增大而增大.     

杂质对柱形量子点系统束缚能的影响

在有效质量近似和变分原理的基础上,考虑内建电场(BEF)效应和量子点的三维约束效应.研究了纤锌矿结构的GaN/AlxGa1xN单量子点中杂质体系的基态能量与杂质电荷的关系,讨论了杂质电子的束缚能随量子点的主要结构参数(量子点高度L和量子点半径R)以及杂质在量子点中不同位置的变化规律,并研究了考虑量子点内外电子有效质量失配对杂质电子束缚能的影响.     

Optical pumping of a single hole spin in a quantum dot

The spin of an electron is a natural two-level system for realizing a quantum bit in the solid state. For an electron trapped in a semiconductor quantum dot, strong quantum confinement highly suppresses the detrimental effect of phonon-related spin relaxation. However, this advantage is offset by the hyperfine interaction between the electron spin and the 10(4) to 10(6) spins of the host nuclei in the quantum dot. Random fluctuations in the nuclear spin ensemble lead to fast spin decoherence in about ten nanoseconds. Spin-echo techniques have been used to mitigate the hyperfine interaction, but completely cancelling the effect is more attractive. In principle, polarizing all the nuclear spins can achieve this but is very difficult to realize in practice. Exploring materials with zero-spin nuclei is another option, and carbon nanotubes, graphene quantum dots and silicon have been proposed. An alternative is to use a semiconductor hole. Unlike an electron, a valence hole in a quantum dot has an atomic p orbital which conveniently goes to zero at the location of all the nuclei, massively suppressing the interaction with the nuclear spins. Furthermore, in a quantum dot with strong strain and strong quantization, the heavy hole with spin-3/2 behaves as a spin-1/2 system and spin decoherence mechanisms are weak. We demonstrate here high fidelity (about 99 per cent) initialization of a single hole spin confined to a self-assembled quantum dot by optical pumping. Our scheme works even at zero magnetic field, demonstrating a negligible hole spin hyperfine interaction. We determine a hole spin relaxation time at low field of about one millisecond. These results suggest a route to the realization of solid-state quantum networks that can intra-convert the spin state with the polarization of a photon.     

On-demand single-electron transfer between distant quantum dots

Single-electron circuits of the future, consisting of a network of quantum dots, will require a mechanism to transport electrons from one functional part of the circuit to another. For example, in a quantum computer decoherence and circuit complexity can be reduced by separating quantum bit (qubit) manipulation from measurement and by providing a means of transporting electrons between the corresponding parts of the circuit. Highly controlled tunnelling between neighbouring dots has been demonstrated, and our ability to manipulate electrons in single- and double-dot systems is improving rapidly. For distances greater than a few hundred nanometres, neither free propagation nor tunnelling is viable while maintaining confinement of single electrons. Here we show how a single electron may be captured in a surface acoustic wave minimum and transferred from one quantum dot to a second, unoccupied, dot along a long, empty channel. The transfer direction may be reversed and the same electron moved back and forth more than sixty times-a cumulative distance of 0.25 mm-without error. Such on-chip transfer extends communication between quantum dots to a range that may allow the integration of discrete quantum information processing components and devices.