Vegetation Restoration Technique System and Its Ecological Functions of the Degraded Ecosystem in the Arid-Hot Valleys —— Taking the Example of Typical Mode in Small Watershed of Yuanmou

This paper concluded the vegetation restoration technique system in the arid-hot valleys and studied the anti-erosion function, environmental function and biological diversity effects of vegetation restoration on the ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys. The results showed that the soil erodibility decreased significantly after the vegetation restoration. The climate environment of the small watershed had a great improvement after the vegetation restoration, of which the temperature decreased, the humidity increased, the harsh environment of dry and hot in this region changed. The studies of the ecosystem biodiversity were mainly on the analysis of the relations between biodiversity and ecological function of the artificial ecological forest pattern and the natural enclosed treatment mode on the severely of degraded land. It could conclude that the natural enclosed treatment mode is helpful to the biodiversity of the ecosystem and the improvement and stability of the ecosystem, and Leucaena artificial forest restoration pattern reduced the species diversity but optimized the ecological function. Therefore, as to the severely and extremely severely degraded ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys, Leucaena pattern of gully control and natural enclosed treatment mode are the relatively optimal choices.     

仙人谷国家森林公园生态评价

选取自然性、多样性、代表性、稀有性、生态脆弱性、面积适宜性、人类威胁性等指标对三明仙人谷国家森林公园进行生态评价。通过评价指标的等级化处理、评价指标权重的确定,计算出三明仙人谷国家森林公园的综合评价指标为0.834,说明三明仙人谷国家森林公园生态质量较好,从而为该森林公园的生态建设提供了理论依据。     

北部湾海域水质综合污染指数和浮游植物多样性指数评价

【目的】探讨环境污染评价方法,以期反映广西北部湾海域污染水平的客观情况,推进海洋生态环境质量评价方法的进一步发展,为该海域的环境生态研究以及富营养化问题研究提供依据。【方法】利用水质综合污染指数和浮游植物多样性指数分别对广西北部湾海域2010年6月和2010年9月调查的数据进行污染程度评价,并讨论利用多样性指数评价的合理性。【结果】广西北部湾海域污染等级处于轻中污染至无污染之间,其中利用水质化学因子进行综合评价的结果为轻污染,利用浮游植物多样性指数进行评价的结果为轻中污染至轻污染或无污染。【结论】水质化学评价与水质生物学评价在海域污染程度上存在一定的偏差。利用浮游植物多样性指数评价海域水质污染程度,其评价标准仍有待更多的调查来验证和修正。在实际评价中不能单从指数结果就轻易下定论,应结合理化监测结果,才能得到实际结论。     

生物多样性指数在生态评价中的实用性分析——以北部湾为例

为了探讨生物多样性指数(H′)在综合评价近岸海域的实用性,本研究利用水质综合污染指数和浮游植物、浮游动物及底栖生物的多样性指数分别对北部湾近岸海域调查的数据进行污染程度评价,并讨论利用多样性指数评价的合理性。结果表明:用水质综合污染指数评价2014年平水期北部湾近岸海域的水质结果为轻污染;用浮游植物和浮游动物的多样性指数评价结果均为轻中污染;用底栖生物的多样性指数进行污染评价结果则为重中污染。可见,生物多样性指数适用于污染程度较重的水域,而对于像北部湾近岸海域这样较洁净的水域,其与水质评价则存在较大的差异。结合我国近岸海域环境监测的实际情况,当前利用浮游植物来评价最具实用性。生物数据需建立在常年观测的基础上,并与理化监测结果结合起来开展综合性指标评价,才能正确地发挥其作用,从而得到符合实际的结论。     

Analysis of ecosystem degradation factors in Yuanmou arid-hot valleys based on interpretative structural model

For ecological restoration and reconstruction of the degraded area, it is an important premise to correctly understand the degradation factors of the ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys. The factors including vegetation degradation, land degradation, arid climate, policy failure, forest fire, rapid population growth, excessive deforestation, overgrazing, steep slope reclamation, economic poverty, engineering construction, lithology, slope, low cultural level, geological hazards, biological disaster, soil properties etc, were selected to study the Yuanmou arid-hot valleys. Based on the interpretative structural model （ISM）, it has found out that the degradation factors of the Yuanmou arid-hot valleys were not at the same level but in a multilevel hierarchical system with internal relations, which pointed out that the degradation mode of the arid-hot valleys was ＂straight （appearance）-penetrating-background＂. Such researches have important directive significance for the restoration and reconstruction of the arid-hot valleys ecosystem.     

Photosynthesis characteristics of three species of forages in the arid-hot valleys

By using TPS-1 portable photosynthesis measuring system, the photosynthesis characteristics of three kinds of high quality forages used in the arid-hot valley eco-agricultural models in Yuanmou were measured. The paper shows that Pennisetum purpureum Schumach is the heliophilous shade tolerance C4 plant and Styiosanthes guianensis is the heliophilous shade tolerance plant, both of them could make full use of the light energy under the weak light environment and have relatively strong CO2 assimilation capacity. Cajanus cajan（L.） Millspaugh is the strong heliophilous plant with high requirement for light and has a relatively weak CO2 assimilation capacity. Generally, these three kinds of high quality forages are drought resistant and show a relatively good adaptability to the arid-hot valley environment. To improve cultivation administration level and to interplant timely in the forest can be helpful to the ecological niche and to improve the productivity force.     

北方小型工业城市生态敏感性评价研究——以沙河市大沙河古河道地区为例

为了保护和整治小型工业城市的生态环境,以北方典型小工业城市——沙河市为例,开展了小城市生态敏感性评价研究.沙河市目前面临水资源贫乏、水污染和大气污染严重、森林资源匮乏和生物多样性单调等众多环境问题,已经严重制约了该区域的发展.在分析其区域生态景观基础特征的基础上,应用GIS技术,采用多因子加权求和方法,对环境较为脆弱、生态相对敏感的沙河市大沙河古河道地区进行生态敏感性综合评价,并在此基础上提出相应的生态敏感性分区保护策略,为古河道地区进行生态建设和环境保护提供了依据.     

陇东黄土高原地区生态系统格局变化及驱动力分析

利用地理信息与生态遥感解译技术,对2013至2018年陇东黄土高原生物多样性保护优先区域生态系统格局变化特征进行定量分析.结果表明:研究区生态系统结构较为简单,主要以森林-灌丛、草地、农田3种Ⅰ级生态系统和落叶阔叶林、落叶阔叶灌丛、温性草原、草丛、旱地5种Ⅱ级生态系统为主;研究期内各类生态系统面积变化率、综合动态度和景...     

福建漳江口红树林湿地自然保护区的生态评价

湿地自然保护区生态评价是景观生态规划、管理和保护的基础.选择多样性、代表性、自然性、稀有性、面积适宜性、人类干扰和稳定性7个指标建立自然保护区生态评价的等级化指标体系,运用层次分析法确定各单项指标权重,对福建漳江口红树林湿地自然保护区进行生态评价,计算出该保护区生态质量综合指数为0.78,表明其生态质量较好.分析了该保护区面临的问题,并提出相应的建议.     

森林旅游生态开发模式创新研究——以河南省黄楝树林场为例

以河南省黄楝树林场的生态旅游开发为例,提出了利用"反规划"理念进行规划,打造全景森林的旅游产品,以生态旅游者为市场定位,考虑资源有价、环境成本的门票定价标准,以生态效益为核心的综合效益评价体系的森林旅游生态开发模式.保护了森林生态环境,实现了森林旅游的可持续发展.     

Selection of judging indicators for surface morphology of soil crack under different development degrees in Yuanmou arid-hot valley region

Quantification of complicated surface morphology of soil crack is a prerequisite and key to soil crack study. This paper takes soil crack quads in Yuanmou arid-hot valley region as examples, selecting several morphological indicators, and analyzes the soil crack＇s morphological features under various development degrees. By statistic analysis, three quantitative indicators for surface morphology are selected, namely soil crack area density, area weighted mean fractal dimension and connectivity index R, which can not only express the development intensity of soil cracks, but also effectively describe its morphological complexity and connectivity. The research results set a good base for the establishment of soil crack assessment system in Yuanmou arid-hot valley region.     

中国岩溶森林生态保护修复的理论与技术

全面总结了近年来中国在岩溶森林生态保护修复理论与技术实践方面取得的研究成果.在理论方面,创新性地提出了基于自然保护地体系的岩溶森林生态保护修复政策支撑体系,基于岩溶地区小生境高度异质性的多物种共存与生物多样性维持理论,基于岩溶地形地貌、土壤和自然干扰机制下的隐域性植被演替理论,基于岩溶植物萌生特性的群落构建机制和岩溶生...     

基于RS和GIS的小清河流域生态环境质量综合评价研究

流域生态环境质量对于流域可持续发展具有重要影响．借助RS和GIS技术获取土地利用数据,并以此为评价主要基础数据,通过生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、水土保持指数和污染负荷潜力指数五个评价因子建立综合指数评价模型,对小清河流域1984-2010年生态环境质量进行分析评价．结果表明流域生态环境质量属于“一般”级别,生态环境总体有所改善,但仍需要继续加强流域生态环境保护力度,以促进流域可持续发展．     

长江中下游武安段生态航道评价

基于航道建设要素与河流生态系统保护相协调的基本思想,建立长江中下游武汉-安庆段生态航道评价指标体系.利用层次分析法和能够反映木桶效应的综合指数评价法,对该河段2018年生态航道健康水平进行评价.结果表明,武汉-安庆段的生态航道健康指数为0.8145,属于中等水平,该航道的自净功能优秀,航运、泄洪和景观娱乐功能良好,生态...     

户外景观生态保护中的植被选取方法

为了选取户外景观生态保护中的植被,分析了研究区用地现状与总体规划背景和研究区植被群落现状,给出数据来源,通过几何畸变与辐射畸变改良处理可获取较高质量的遥感图像。采用Logistic回归分析法,求出植被类型出现的几率,利用Logistic回归分析法确定对植被空间状况影响较大的因素,按照分析结果构造植物选取指标体系,通过层次分析法对户外景观生态保护中的植被进行选取,选取综合评分高的植被,间种部分观赏价值高的植被。采用所提方法对研究地区户外景观生态保护中的植被进行选取,按照选取结果对户外景观格局进行规划,发现采用所提方法选取植被后,各评价指标均在一定程度上有所改善,所提方法能够有效改善户外景观生态环境。     

三角梅属园林品种筛选及应用

【目的】筛选出适合柳州市城市绿化栽培应用的优良三角梅(Bougainvillea)品种。【方法】根据相关资料及柳州市气候条件进行初步筛选,将初筛品种在柳州园林苗圃中开展繁殖、栽培、生长特性、抗逆性和园林应用试验,以三角梅的观赏价值、抗逆性和繁殖难易程度等因子建立柳州市三角梅属筛选综合评分体系,定性和定量评价三角梅属品种的综合利用价值。【结果】经初步筛选,于2011-2015年从华南地区收集引入20种三角梅品种,综合评分结果显示,有10种品种得分大于20分,决选为柳州市园林绿化应用的三角梅品种,并对决选品种提出了园林配置应用方法。【结论】筛选出的优良品种具有较高的观赏价值,繁殖容易,抗逆性强,适宜在城市园林绿化中推广应用。     

干旱区景观格局综合优化:黑河中游案例

选择黑河中游为研究区,通过生态系统服务价值、景观连接性和生境质量识别核心生态源地,根据显性阻力、隐性阻力、地形和道路数据构建生态阻力面,基于最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道网络与节点,并进行生态功能分区,进而从点、线、面进行景观格局优化。结果表明:1)黑河中游生境质量较好的斑块仅占总面积的13.77%,主要由湿地、高-中覆盖度草地和耕地构成,集中分布在东南部大起伏中高山以及黑河干流两侧;2)主干生态廊道呈东南-西北走向贯穿整个研究区,辅助生态廊道主要连接核心生态源地与主干生态廊道,分支廊道主要分布在东部,连接相邻主干廊道(或是源地),生态节点多分布在生态廊道薄弱的地方;3)根据累积阻力值频率突变与空间分布特点,将黑河中游分为生态缓冲区、生态连通区、生态过渡区和生态边缘区4个功能区,并在此基础上针对生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点提出建设策略。研究结果可为黑河中游生态系统管理提供切实可行的科学指导。     

浅析生态系统健康评价研究现状

对目前有关生态环境、生态系统和生态系统健康的概念进行辨析,回顾了生态系统健康问题研究的历程及其存在的争论,介绍了目前主要采用的两种生态系统健康评价方法,即指示物种法和指标体系法,分析了这两种方法的优缺点．针对目前生态系统健康评价主要集中在单一的生态系统,指出生态系统健康要以流域作为评价单元．     

Selection of adaptive grass and frutex and their planting benefits in the arid-hot valleys of Yuanmou

In view of the environment character of the soil and content of the soil organic carbon, 278 species of grass and frutex were introduced from abroad and China, Some were selected by applied production and plantation benefit investigations. The results showed that： In the arid-hot valleys of Yuanmou the selected species showed the characteristics of fast growth and high yield （38 227.00 kg/hm2）, high nutrition value （CP% content of legu- minous grass and frutex were 22.47%）, as well as the strong ad- versity resistance to high air temperature and arid climate （soil humidity was 3.4%）. The selected species not only effectively meliorated soil and increased fertility, but also improved small environment weather.     

基于GIS的苏南水网地区乡镇景观资源综合评价

【目的】保护乡土景观风貌,提升乡镇景观资源永续利用价值,发挥各乡镇景观资源相对优势,实现区域环境下各乡镇景观错位竞争与协调发展。【方法】基于RS和GIS技术,通过层次分析(AHP)评价方法,构建了苏州吴中区环太湖水网地区乡镇景观资源评价指标体系,并对其中5个乡镇(胥口镇、光福镇、东山镇、金庭镇、临湖镇)进行了景观资源综合评价,针对各乡镇景观资源的特点和差异,提出了相关保护与利用建议措施。【结果】研究范围内,金庭镇景观资源综合评价得分最高,生态景观资源优势明显,东山镇人文景观资源优势明显,胥口镇社会经济资源处于相对优势。【结论】乡镇景观资源评价有助于全面识别乡镇景观资源特点及其质量,以促进特色乡镇的规划和建设。