一体化反应器协同处理生活垃圾与污泥启动试验研究

利用城镇生活垃圾与污水厂污泥一体化处理反应器对生活垃圾厌氧堆肥和污水处理厂污泥厌氧浓缩消化进行启动试验研究.研究结果表明:在环境温度为17～28℃时,垃圾处理仓的温度可保持在17～30℃,垃圾仓pH在3～6,污泥消化仓温度基本稳定在15～30℃,其pH保持在5.5～7.4,进泥的Sv/ST为0.40～0.80,排泥时Sv/ST降为0.30～0.45,排泥含水率不稳定,但在30 d后基本由进泥时的98.6％～99.8％稳定为92％左右.一体化反应器实现了生活垃圾与污水厂污泥在同一反应器中集中处理,并利用垃圾堆肥时产生的热量为污泥浓缩消化提供中高温条件,但对此反应器需进一步优化.     

污水厂污泥和厨余垃圾的混合中温厌氧消化

对污水厂污泥和厨余垃圾混合厌氧消化的可行性进行了研究.采用两种混合物料,其污泥和垃圾按VS之比分别为75%∶25%和50%∶50%,HRT分别采用9、12、16、20 d.实验结果表明,在所有的反应器运行过程中,进料有机负荷为1.4-4.1 g/(L.d-1)VS,没有出现如pH值降低、碱度不足和VFA积累等抑制现象.在进料VS之比为50%∶50%时,稳定性和处理效果都优于进料VS之比为75%∶25%时,当HRT为12 d时,此时VS去除率为58.6%-62.6%,甲烷产率为0.413-0.456L/gVS.     

不同C/N比的村镇剩余污泥堆肥资源化研究

污泥堆肥化是复杂的生物化学反应过程,调理剂的配比量、通风量、腐熟程度等对堆肥效果均有明显的影响.针对整个污泥好氧堆肥过程中调理剂的配比对堆肥效果的影响进行了试验研究,探讨了3种不同C/N对污泥好氧堆肥效果的影响.将脱水污泥与锯末的混合物进行堆肥处理,并通过对堆肥过程中的温度、含水率、有机质、p H、以及碳、氮、磷的含量在堆肥过程中的变化情况进行分析,探讨好氧堆肥的腐熟度问题,了解堆肥工艺参数及变化规律,最终试验的研究结果将为资源化利用村镇污水厂的剩余污泥提供技术和理论的依据与参考.     

碳氮比对半静态强制通风堆肥反应器堆肥腐熟度的影响

以污泥/猪粪为堆肥原料,以锯末为辅料,探讨碳氮比(C/N比)对自制半静态强制通风堆肥反应器好氧堆肥腐熟效果的影响.结果表明:当碳氮比为15时,污泥/猪粪在半静态强制通风堆肥反应器内的混合好氧堆肥腐熟效果最好,高温期最长,其可挥发性固体的降解效率最优秀,可达39.12%,C/N比的T值最小,为0.53.温度、p H、电导率、含水率、种子发芽指数等指标显示的腐熟度也均好于C/N为20、25、30和35的堆体.     

超高温好氧堆肥技术对隔离区餐厨垃圾处理的应用可行性分析

2020年初暴发新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染导致的肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,在预防和治理的前提下,疫情产生的多种危险废物处理同样重要.根据该病毒在超过56℃下只能生存不到30min的特点,对于含有或可能含有该病毒和其他病菌的有机质垃圾(如感染者粪便、隔离区餐厨垃圾、处理医疗污水产生的污泥等),探究采用超高温好氧堆肥技术进行减量、无害化处理方法的可行性.以常规餐厨垃圾(不含病毒)进行模拟,测得原始质量为201t的堆肥混合物经过38d堆肥处理后仅剩下126t,且含水率由43%降至26%,餐厨垃圾质量减少高达92.6%;同时,其E4/E6值由初始的1.462上升至5.400,腐熟程度较好,堆肥结束后可作为良好的肥料;38d的堆肥过程中有32d温度达到80℃以上,有21d温度达到90℃以上,且在第1天后温度就一直高于56℃,表明在第1天的好氧发酵后堆肥处理过程安全可靠.综上可见,超高温好氧堆肥技术有望用于隔离区餐厨垃圾的无害化处理.     

温度和SRT对污泥高温好氧预处理的影响研究

为使高温好氧预处理反应器达到杀灭病原菌和稳定运行的效果,以剩余污泥为研究对象,通过试验确定其最佳运行温度和固体停留时间SRT．采用两个有效容积为8L的反应器,SRT为1d和1．5d,将它们分别运行在55℃、60℃、65℃,当温度大于60℃、SRT≥1d时,粪便大肠杆菌的密度从大于10^6MPN／gTS降到小于10^3MPN／gTS．污泥经高温好氧预处理后,VFA比进泥提高了1～2倍,同时COD降低了20％～30％．在试验条件下VS去除率为25％～32％,当温度由55℃上升到65℃时,VS去除率有5％左右的提高．试验结果表明,对污泥高温好氧预处理取温度60～62℃．SRT=1d是较为适宜的。     

交替好氧厌氧堆肥化对城市污泥重金属的影响

为探讨交替好氧厌氧堆肥化过程中城市污泥重金属含量和化学形态的变化规律，以城市污泥为主，混以一定量的城市有机垃圾，控制含水率在60％左右、C／N质量比为30～40，进行为期60天的交替好氧厌氧堆肥处理．结果表明：Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb的含量均有不同程度降低，zn的含量稍有上升，但均低于国家污泥农用标准．重金属的化学形态分布发生了较大变化，其中可交换态Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr和Pb所占比例和含量均出现明显下降．可交换态Zn所占比例下降，含量略微增加．说明交替好氧厌氧堆肥处理降低了城市污泥与城市有机垃圾农用对土壤和水体的重金属污染风险．     

废弃大白菜厌氧消化产甲烷的实验研究

以废弃大白菜为原料,使用全自动厌氧消化产甲烷潜力测量仪测定了其在30℃条件下的甲烷产量.厌氧消化反应系统为30g新鲜大白菜浆和170g接种污泥.结果表明,经过40d的发酵周期,大白菜的TS产甲烷潜力为291NmL/g TS,VS产甲烷潜力为331NmL/g VS.分析厌氧消化过程中产甲烷的规律,证明厌氧消化可以有效处理废弃大白菜,使其转化为甲烷.     

餐厨垃圾高效好氧堆肥过程参数的影响因素研究

为了考察环境温度、初始含水率、通风量和填料量等因素对餐厨垃圾堆肥进程的影响,分别选用3组卧式反应器进行了4因素3水平完全试验和正交试验,对堆料温度、水溶性COD和pH值等餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥过程参数在不同条件下的变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:环境温度、通风量、初始含水率和填料量等不同影响因素对餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥过程均具有显著影响.环境温度、通风量、含水率和填料量等4因素对堆肥减量化率的影响显著性顺序为含水率>环境温度>填料量>通风量.     

餐厨垃圾高温好氧堆肥小试研究

为了探明餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥反应机理,优化堆肥工艺,用餐厨垃圾和锯末为原料,以质量比为3∶1的比例混合后进行小规模高温好氧堆肥研究.通过测定堆料中的水溶性C/N、pH值、温度、含水率和总有机碳下降率来推断反应进行的程度.试验表明,本装置可使堆肥顺利升温,最高温度达到60.5℃,并且高温期(>50℃)持续6 d,所得堆肥产品的理化性质和卫生指标符合国家相关标准.堆肥环境温度为40℃,初始堆料含水率为55%较为适宜.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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