BiFeO3掺杂Pb（In1/2Nb1/2）O3-Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-PbTiO3陶瓷的制备与磁电性能研究

以固相合成法制备了铁酸铋（BiFeO₃,简称BFO）掺杂的铌铟酸铅-铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅（Pb（In_1/2Nb_1/2）O₃-Pb（Mg_1/3Nb_2/3）O₃-PbTiO₃,简称PIN-PMN-PT）多铁性陶瓷材料,X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明：样品具有钙钛矿结构,电滞回线显示其铁电性良好,剩余极化值（P_r）可达18 μC·cm^-2.由于BiFeO₃掺杂后,样品电矩减小,氧空位增多,使其铁电畴翻转困难,样品的电性能略有下降,但是其磁性能随BiFeO₃掺入量的增加而逐渐增强,且样品居里温度（T_m）为200℃左右.该材料在电磁学领域有望成为具有应用前景的多铁性材料.     

在Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2-LiF-Al2O3体系中低温铝电解

Based on the main physico-chemical properties of Na₃AlF₆-AlF₃-CaF₂-LiF-Al₂O₃ system studied, including liquidus temperature、electrical conductivity and bath density, a laboratory scale vertical discharging aluminum type electrolysis cell of about 100A capacity was run with TiB₂ cathodes and low molar ratio(1.5～2.0) electrolytes at 800～930℃ range. Aluminum metal was obtained with 84.6%～88.3% current efficiencies and 11.54～11.83 kW^.h/kg specific energy consumption.     

SrCl2-H3B03-H2O体系中H3BO3介稳区性质的研究

利用激光法对SrCl₂-H₃B0₃-H₂O体系中硼酸结晶介稳区性质进行研究,得出了介稳区宽度、成核级数和溶解度性质,同时给出了该体系中硼酸的成核速率和溶解度方程,对介稳区规律给出了较为合理的理论解释。本文通过对SrCl₂-H₃B0₃-H₂O体系中H₃B0₃的介稳区性质的研究认为：该混合体系中的SrCl₂的存在会导致一个最宽介稳区产生,有利于实际生产的控制;成核级数的计算证明少量SrCl₂ 的存在不会干扰生产控制,不需要刻意去除;混合体系中SrCl₂的加入会降低硼酸的溶解度,且随着SrCl₂的浓度增加,硼酸溶解度降低的幅度增大。     

Al2O3/LiAlO2表面包覆改性LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2三元正极材料研究

三元正极材料因比容量高、成本低和较为环保而备受研究者的关注和青睐,但其循环稳定性与倍率性能较差。通过固相包覆法制备了纳米Al₂O₃以及LiAlO₂包覆的LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂材料,对所制备材料的结构及形貌进行系统表征,结果表明,两种包覆均在保持正极材料结构的基础上成功形成了表面包覆层。电化学性能测试表明,用质量分数为1%的Al₂O₃包覆时,其初始放电容量从原始材料的159 mA·h·g^-1提升至162.57 mA·h·g^-1,循环35次的容量保持率由74.38%提升至94.89%;用质量分数为3%的LiAlO₂包覆时,初始放电比容量提升至164.85 mA·h·g^-1,前35次的容量保持率较未包覆材料均有所提高。此外,经包覆后正极材料循环性能和倍率性能均有所提高,电压衰减和电化学阻抗降低,...     

Ce-doped LiNi1/3Co（1/3-x/3）Mn1/3Cex/3O2 cathode materials for use in lithium ion batteries

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and Ce-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and solid phase synthesis and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that the resultant cathode materials with different Ce content all had a good layer structure and high crystallinity.Electrochemical performance testing of the cathode materials showed that the discharge capacity increased with increasing Ce content while the initial reversible capacity attenuation decreased with Ce doping.When the Ce content of the cathode materials is x=0.2,and the current charge and discharge rate is a constant 0.2 C,the discharge capacity maintained 91% of its initial capacity after cycling 50 times.     

改进共沉淀法制备LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料

采用改进共沉淀法制备LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料,该法与传统共沉淀法相比,在共沉淀的过程中增加络合剂(NH3.H2O)和分散剂(PEG)。对比研究2种方法制得的产品的形貌和性能。研究结果表明:采用改进共沉淀法制备得到的Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2前躯体呈球形二次颗粒,粒径为2μm左右,是由球形和片状的一次颗粒组装而成;其与LiOH充分研磨煅烧制得的正极材料LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2,振实密度达到2.78 g/cm3,在0.2C倍率和2.80~4.25 V的电压范围内,首次充、放电比容量分别为185.2和158.3 mA·h/g,30次循环后放电比容量为142.8mA·h/g,容量保持率高达90.2%,电化学性能得到很大的改善。     

TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性

基于变插入层介电常数的多层绝缘结构能改善电场分布、提高真空沿面闪络特性.通过真空热压烧结制备了TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3(A-B-A)3层绝缘结构,A层w(TiO2)为0.5%到20%.测量了该绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性,发现闪络特性随w(TiO2)的增加而提高,当w(TiO2)为20%时,其脉冲初次闪络电压较同等厚度的Al2O3陶瓷提高了63%.研究发现:A层的介电常数可由w(TiO2)调控,介电常数的增大能有效降低真空-绝缘子-阴极三结合点处的电场强度;A层表面存在的TiO2颗粒可以减小二次电子发射系数并改善表面电荷分布;TiO2的电导率虽比Al2O3高,但其仍为绝缘体,即使TiO2含量较高时也不会形成贯穿的导电通道.     

Pb（In1/2Nb1/2）O3-Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-PbTiO3弛豫铁电薄膜厚度尺寸效应研究

新一代弛豫铁电薄膜Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃(PIMNT)因兼具优异的电学性能与高的相变温度,在国内外获得广泛关注.为了探究不同薄膜厚度对PIMNT薄膜的结构及电学性能的影响,通过溶胶凝胶法制备了150 nm～1μm不同厚度的PIMNT薄膜,对其形貌结构以及电学性能进行了对比研究,在此基础上进一步研究了极化对其电学性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着厚度的增加,薄膜介电常数先增加后略有降低,剩余极化强度先增大后减小,矫顽场逐渐增大;在极化电压为18 V、极化温度和时间分别为100℃和5 min时,1μm厚度PIMNT薄膜的介电常数和损耗在100 Hz下分别为1 009和0.022,室温下的热释电系数达6.85×10^-4C·m^-2·K^-1,是目前主流的锆钛酸铅(PZT)薄膜的3倍左右.     

Reaction mechanism for in-situ β-SiAlON formation in Fe3Si-Si3N4-Al2O3 composites

In this work, Fe₃Si-Si₃N₄-Al₂O₃ composites were prepared at 1300℃ in an N₂ atmosphere using fused corundum and tabular alumina particles, Al₂O₃ fine powder, and ferrosilicon nitride (Fe₃Si-Si₃N₄) as raw materials and thermosetting phenolic resin as a binder. The effect of ferrosilicon nitride with different concentrations (0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, and 25wt%) on the properties of Fe₃Si-Si₃N₄-Al₂O₃ composites was investigated. The results show that the apparent porosity varies between 10.3% and 17.3%, the bulk density varies from 2.94 g/cm3 and 3.30 g/cm3, and the cold crushing strength ranges from 67 MPa to 93 MPa. Under the experimental conditions, ferrosilicon nitride, whose content decreases substantially, is unstable; part of the ferrosilicon nitride is converted into Fe₂C, whereas the remainder is retained, eventually forming the ferrosilicon alloy. Thermodynamic assessment of the Si₅AlON₇ indicated that the ferrosilicon alloy accelerated the reactions between Si₃N₄ and α-Al₂O₃ fine powder and that Si in the ferrosilicon alloy was nitrided directly, forming β-SiAlON simultaneously. In addition, fused corundum did not react directly with Si₃N₄ because of its low reactivity.     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

高离化态类钴Ru^17＋离子3p^63d^9,3p^53d^10,3p^63d^84p光谱的计算

用多组态自洽场方法，结合我们提出的半经验拟合公式，计算了高离化态类钴Ru^17 离子3p^63d^9,3p^53d^10,3p^63d^84p组态的能级、波长和振子强度，并与实验符合得较好。     

CH3S, CH3SH, CH3SO, CH3SO2的标准摩尔生成焓的研究

利用7种密度泛函(DFT)方法(B3LYP,BLYP,BHLYP,BP86,B3P86,BPW91,B3PW91),以DZP 为基函数对CH3S, CH3SH, CH3SO, CH3SO2的标准摩尔生成焓进行了理论计算.采用等键方程在BPW91水平下预测的结果为-23.56 kJ/mol(CH3S),115.85 kJ/mol (CH3SH), -106.16 kJ/mol(CH3SO)和-255.56 kJ/mol(CH3SO2),接近已有的实验结果.这表明,采用密度泛函方法只需要很少的计算量和中等大小的基组就能得到很好的结果,对于某些特殊例子(如CH3SO2),其预测结果甚至好于高水平的CCSD(T)/CBS方法.     

Na3La2(BO3)3∶Tm3+的合成及其光谱特性

论文用固相反应法,合成了一系列掺Tm     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-BaTiO3 Complex Perovskite Ferroelectric Ceramics with High Dielectric Constant and Low Firing Temperature

The effects of different firing temperatures on the stability of perovskite phase, grain size, and dielectric properties were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM and dielectric measurements. The dielectric ceramics of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃-BaTiO₃ system were obtained by chemical coprecipitation in water. The ceramics have higher dielectric constant (7003-9714), lower firing temperature(950-1150℃), quite uniform microstructure with grain size less than 2.5 mp, and lower temperature coefficients of capacitance. As a result, it was confirmed that the simple and low cost chemical route used namely coprecipitation in water is a desired method for preparing high property dielectric materials applicable to multilayer capacitors.     

CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷的制备及化学稳定性研究

玻璃陶瓷是固化处理中、高放废物和α废物较为理想的候选材料之一。研究了特定条件下制备的CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2体系玻璃陶瓷在水淬和空气中自然冷却的两种冷却制度对其结晶行为和显微结构的影响,用粉末浸泡实验方法测试了其化学稳定性。结果表明:自然冷却形成的玻璃陶瓷晶相主要是ZrSiO4和ZrTiO4;在25～70℃范围内,温度对玻璃陶瓷浸出率无明显影响,90℃下浸出率比25℃,40℃,70℃的浸出率高一个数量级;7 d元素总的归一化浸出为1.87 g/m2。