The effect of microcytosis on red cell constituents

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt an Riboflavin, Azetylcholin-Esterase, Glutamat-Oxalacetat-Transaminase, Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase und Folinsäure wurde in menschlichen Erythrozyten verschiedener Grössenordnung bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass ihre intrazelluläre Konzentration, im Gegensatz zu derjenigen des Hämoglobins, keinen limitierenden Einfluss auf die Fortdauer der Synthese dieser Stoffe ausübt.

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This work was supported by grants from Tenovus and the Endowment Fund of the United Cardiff Hospitals.     

Localization of acid phosphatases in the cell fractions of chick liver

Summary 3 molecular forms (P1, P2 and P3) of acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2) have been detected in chicken liver homogenate. The different intracellular localization of these molecules has been demonstrated by cellular fractionation and electrophoretic analysis. P1 and P2 phosphatases are both present in the particulate fraction. P3 is present in a pure form in the soluble fraction. The difference between the enzyme molecules present in the particulate fraction and that in the soluble one is confirmed by the different activation-inhibition effect of various ions and substances on the enzymatic activity of subcellular fractions.     

The effect of sodium nitrite on red cell GSH

Zusammenfassung Bei der Nachuntersuchung der Nitritwirkung auf das GSH der unversehrten Erythrocyten konnte nur ein geringfügiger Effekt festgestellt werden. Die früher mitgeteilte totale Zerstörung der GSH wurde auf einen Artefakt zurückgeführt, der während der Eiweissfällung mit Metaphosphorsäure auftrat.

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Supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. Grants H-5313 and H-5292.     

Effect of prenatal and neonatal pantothenic acid deficiency on rat intestinal phosphatases

Summary Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in the distal part of the small intestine of pantothenic acid deficient neonatal rats, while acid phosphatase activity was slightly increased and protein concentration was decreased throughout the small intestine. The growth and maturation of the distal part of the small intestine were retarded more severely than in the proximal part.     

Effect of prenatal and neonatal pantothenic acid deficiency on rat intestinal phosphatases

Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in the distal part of the small intestine of pantothenic acid deficient neonatal rats, while acid phosphatase activity was slightly increased and protein concentration was decreased throughout the small intestine. The growth and maturation of the distal part of the small intestine were retarded more severely than in the proximal part.     

The effect of insulin on the electrophoretic mobility of rat hepatocytes

Summary The addition of insulin (10 U) to a suspension of isolated hepatocytes in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution. causes an increase in the negative electrophoretic mobility of the cells from –1.68 m sec^–1 V^–1 cm to 2.26 m sec^–1 V^–1 cm. This observation supports the findings by other workers that the binding of insulin to its receptor leads to a marked change in the membrane.Acknowledgment. We wish to thank the Medical Research Council for the provision of the microelectrophoresis apparatus and initial running costs of the project.     

The effect of insulin on the electrophoretic mobility of rat hepatocytes

The addition of insulin (10 microU) to a suspension of isolated hepatocytes in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution, causes an increase in the negative electrophoretic mobility of the cells from - 1.68 micrometer sec-1 V-1 cm to 2.26 micrometer sec-1 V-1 cm. This observation supports the findings by other workers that the binding of insulin to its receptor leads to a marked change in the membrane.     

The effect of radiothyroidectomy on blood volume,red cell survival and iron kinetics in puppies

Resumen Cachorros radioyodotiroidectomizados a las 3 semanas de vida mostraron un descenso del 32% en la concentración de hemoglobina y el valor hematocrito. El volumen de la masa roja circulante disminuyó un 27% y el volumen plasmático mostró un aumento del 33%. La sobrevida de los eritrocitos no fue afectada por la tiroidectomia. La magnitud de síntesis hemoglobinica disminuyó en un 45%. Estos resultados indican 1) que la influencia de la tiroidectomía sobre el sistema eritropoyético es independiente del período de la vida en que se la realiza, y 2) que la anemia post-tiroidectomía puede ubicarse entre las anemias no proliferativas, siendo su causa probablemente un descenso de la estimulación eritropoyética.

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Member of the Carrera del Investigador Científico del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas de la RepÚblica Argentina.     

Histochemical changes in upper motor lesions,parkinsonism and diuse. Differential effect on white and red muscle fibres

Zusammenfassung Muskelbiopsiematerial aus Patienten mit motorischen Störungen bei Verletzung der Pyramidenbahn, Parkinsonismus und Kreuzbandverletzung wurde mit histochemischer Technik analysiert. Eine Atrophie der weissen Fasern wurde bei Pyramidenbahnverletzung und Parkinsonismus beobachtet. Kreuzbandverletzung ergab hauptsächlich Atrophie der roten Fasern, während diese bei dauernder Spastizität und Rigidität Hypertrophietendenzen zeigen.     

Further studies on the effect of red and far red light on rat retinal development

Summary The influence on the development of the outer segments of the rat retina of far red and red light in different sequences was investigated. The far red treatment appeared to be dominating, and for animals treated with far red light first, further treatment of red light could not bring the outer segment growth back to normal. The treatments also initiated different dopamine uptakes in the retinas.     

Effect of prolactin on human red cell sodium transport

Incubation of red cells with higher concentrations of prolactin in vitro enhanced the cellular sodium level and produced a significant reduction in erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase activity. This effect was dose and time-dependent. It is the result of an inhibition of the active sodium pump similar to that produced by ouabain, suggesting altered red cell function and electrolyte balance in hyperprolactinemic states.     

Effect of prolactin on human red cell sodium transport

Summary Incubation of red cells with higher concentrations of prolactin in vitro enhanced the cellular sodium level and produced a significant reduction in erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase activity. This effect was dose and time-dependent. It is the result of an inhibition of the active sodium pump similar to that produced by ouabain, suggesting altered red cell function and electrolyte balance in hyperprolactinemic states.Acknowledgments. Ovine prolactin was generously supplied by Ferring (Malmö, Sweden) and NPA, NIH (Maryland, USA). Thanks are also due to Prof. S. Dutta, Wayne State University, Detroit, for the gift, of ouabain octahydrate and Dr M. Ramachandran and Prof. S. Ramakrishnan, Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Pondicherry, for their encouragement and keen interest in this study.     

Antithyroid effect of a food or drug preservative: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester

Summary 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (methylparaben) inhibits organification of iodide by isolated hog thyroid cells. The concentration which produces a 50% inhibition was about 2.0×10^–4M. A similar inhibition was observed in nonstimulated and TSH- or dibutyryl cyclic AMP-stimulated cells. Neither iodide uptake nor cyclic AMP generation were altered by methylparaben.     

Differential influences of various arsenic compounds on glutathione redox status and antioxidative enzymes in porcine endothelial cells

The cellular response and detoxification mechanisms in porcine endothelial cells (PAECs) to arsenic trioxide (As2O3), sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) were investigated. NaAsO2 at 20 microM for 72 h increased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity resulting in elevated intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels, but As2O3 and Na2HAsO4 did not. Trivalent arsenic compounds increased intracellular oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and total glutathione (GSH) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, but not glutathione reductase activity. The increased cGPX activity resulted in an elevated cellular GSSG content. Na2HAsO4 increased the cellular GSSG level at 72 h compared to controls. These results imply that the increased GSH content responding to the oxidative stress by trivalent arsenic compounds may be mainly related to the regulation of GSH turnover. The increased GST activity implies that the elevated intracellular GSH level responding to the oxidative stress may be used to conjugate arsenic in PAECs and facilitate arsenic efflux.