Chemical quenching and inhibition of positronium in Cr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalysts

The pore structure of Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalysts and the surface chemical properties of these pores were characterized by positron lifetime and coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) measurements. Four lifetime components could be resolved from the positron lifetime spectrum, with two long lifetime components and two short lifetime components. The two long lifetimes τ4 and τ3 are attributed to ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilation in large pores and microvoids, respectively. With increasing Cr2O3 content, both τ4 and its intensity I4 show sharp decrease, while τ3 and its intensity I3 keep nearly unchanged. The Doppler broadening S parameters also show sharp decrease with increasing Cr2O3 content. Detailed analysis of the CDB spectrum reveals that the parapositronium (p-Ps) intensity also decreases with increasing Cr2O3 content. This indicates that the change of o-Ps lifetime τ4 is due to the chemical quenching by Cr2O3 but not spin-conversion of positronium. The decrease of o-Ps intensity I4 indicates that Cr2O3 also inhibits positronium formation.     

Synthesis and Structure of Polypyrrole Derivatives／V2O5 Nanocomposites

Poly ( N, N, N-trimethyl ( 2-pyrrol-l-yl ) ethyl ammonium iodide )/V2O5 ( PTPAI/V2O5) nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel method. This method involved formation of vanadium pentoxide xerogel in the prcscnce of polypyrrole derivatives solution. X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the polypyrrole derivative particles encapsulated in the fibrous V2O5 network and the layered distance significantly increased from 1. 077 39 to 1. 354 56 nm. The interaction between polypyrrole and V2O5 in the ‘nanocomposites‘ was characterized by IR spectroscopy. The Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) micrographs reveal the structural contrasts between the hybrid materials and the pristine vanadium oxide xerogel.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Pt/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂对乙醇的催化作用

采用改进柠檬酸络合法制备了不同CeO2含量的三相共生Pt/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂,使用XRD对催化剂做了物相分析,并探索了其对乙醇在无氧条件下的催化活性。结果表明,随CeO2含量的增加,共生的Pt,CeO2和γ-Al2O3三相分布更加均匀。当CeO2的含量在40%,温度为550℃,气体空速为8 160 h-1时,乙醇转化率最高,正丁醛和苯的选择性达到最大,分别为34.05%和21.27%。     

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Spin-Liquid Tb2Ti2O7

Polycrystalline samples of a novel spin-liquid compound Tb2Ti2O7 were prepared by a standard solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction at room temperature confirms that the synthesized compound of Tb2Ti2O7 is single phase with cubic unit cell constant a0 of 1.015 44 nm. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range between 100 and 300 K give an effective moment of 9.44 μB and Curie-Weiss temperature of 12.68 K, respectively, indicating the dominance of antiferromagnetic interactions. However, below 50 K, the magnetic behavior of Tb2Ti2O7 deviates from Curie-Weiss law, whose origin remains suspicion.     

微波等离子体与Ag/Al2O3催化剂协同降解CF4的机理

为提高大气压下微波等离子体分解CF4过程的能量效率,降低副产物NOx的生成,采用微波等离子体后端添加Ag/Al2O3催化剂的方法,研究了微波等离子体与催化剂协同作用对CF4去除率的影响,考察了催化剂载体中银负载量对副产物NOx生成的抑制效果.结果表明,微波等离子体与Ag/Al2O3对CF4去除协同作用明显,CF4最高去除率达到95.8%.等离子体与催化剂的协同作用使CF4去除效率提高了32.7%,与单独等离子体作用相比,能量利用效率提高58.1%.催化剂中负载Ag量对副产物NOx的体积分数有明显影响,当Ag的负载量为Al2O3质量的2%时,NOx产生量减少了90%.     

糠醛气相脱羰催化剂pd/Al2O3的改性研究

通过对糠醛脱羰催化剂ppd／Al2O3添加各种金属助剂来对催化剂进行改性，结果发现，添加K和Ni助剂进行改性的催化剂使得呋喃的收率达到了94％，而且催化剂的使用寿命也有所提高，失活后催化剂的再生条件也有所改善．     

Preparation and luminescence properties of YeO3：Er^3＋/TiO2 with high specific surface area

The three composites Y2O3 :Er3+ , Y2O3 :Er3+ /Yb 3+ andY2O3 :Er3+ /TiO2 were prepared using coprecipitation and sol-gel techniques. Their morphology, specific surface area, porosity, UV-vis. absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were measured using SEM, TEM, surface analysis, UV-vis. absorption and photoluminescence spectrophotometry. SEM and TEM showed that samples prepared using coprecipitation were dispersed, while Y2O3 :Er3+ /TiO2 particles possessed a mesoporous surface and average diameter of ab...     

纳米ZTM／Al2O3复相陶瓷材料抗热震损伤性能

简要分析了表述复相陶瓷材料的抗热震损伤的一些机理。并且利用典型的湿化学法制备了两种ZTM／Al2O3复相陶瓷材料;晶间型和纳米／纳米型;分别对高温和低温深冷条件下,两种不同结构材料的抗热震损伤性能进行了研究。结果表明:对ZTM／Al2O3复相陶瓷材料,高温热冲击下,纳米／纳米型材料的残余强度的衰减变化大于晶间型材料;晶间型材料的抗热冲击性能优于纳米／纳米型材料。低温深冷条件下,晶间型材料由于ZrO2马氏体相变的失效和残余微量玻璃相的脆化,表现出与普通耐火材料相似的残余强度衰变趋势,而纳米／纳米型材料却呈现与高温热冲击条件下相似的变化趋势。     

玻璃在反应制备Al—Al2O3复合材料中的作用研究

本文采用Ａｌ／莫来石（３Ａｌ２Ｏ３·２ＳｉＯ２）反应法制备Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料,讨论了Ａｌ与莫来石反应的条件,提出加入玻璃可在低温下改善Ａｌ／莫来石间接触结合．通过ＸＲＤ分析和ＳＥＭ观察,考察了有玻璃存在下Ａｌ与莫与石的反应特点及制备过程对显微结构的影响．     

焙烧温度对S2O2-8/Al2O3-Fe2O3固体酸催化性能的影响

制备S2O2-8/Al2O3-Fe2O3型固体酸催化剂,用于催化乙酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯,采用TG/DSC、IR、SEM、XRD等对其结构和性能进行了表征,并研究了焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,不同焙烧温度对S2O2-8/Al2O3-Fe2O3系列催化剂的结构和性能均产生一定的影响;随着焙烧温度的升高,酯化率呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中500℃焙烧的催化剂具有最佳的催化活性,其酯化率达到90.78%.     

添加金属铝粉的锆刚玉莫来石材料显微结构与性能

通过扫描电镜、x射线衍射分析和体积密度、抗弯强度、烧结线收缩率以及抗热震性能的测定 ,主要探讨了金属铝粉的添加对反应烧结锆刚玉莫来石材料性能和显微结构的影响。     

Polysaccharide separation mechanism in polysulfone-Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> magnetic composite membranes

Polysulfone (PSF)-Fe3O4 composite membranes were prepared by the phase-inversion process and their polysaccharide separation mechanism was explored using chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dextran. The mechanism was analyzed from constraints on the magnetic field and geometric deformation. It was found that variations in dextran rejection from 58% to 46% were mainly influenced by the geometric deformation of the composite membrane, while the magnetic field had a significant influence on variations in CS rejection from 82% to 35%. The results indicate that it is possible to continuously separate different types of polysaccharide with a composite membrane by adjusting the external magnetic field.     

CeO2对原位自生Al2O3-TiCP/Al基复合材料组织结构的影响

利用Al-TiO2-C体系熔铸法制备含稀土CeO2原位自生Al2O3-TiCP/Al基复合材料.借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试技术,对Al-TiO2-C体系的组织结构进行了详尽的分析,讨论了对稀土CeO2铝对Al2O3-TiCP/Al基复合材料的影响规律.实验结果表明,稀土CeO2的加入可改善陶瓷颗粒Al2O3和TiC与熔体的润湿性,而且有效的细化和净化了组织,降低了反应温度.稀土CeO2添加剂含量为0.5%时利用熔铸法制备的复合材料中原位形成的Al2O3,TiC颗粒尺寸较小,分布均匀.     

有氧条件下Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化还原NO的研究

NO是形成光化学烟雾、生成酸雨和破坏大气臭氧层的前驱气体之一，消除NO巳成为近几年国内外催化界的研究热点，Cu0-ZSM-5是国内外研究最成熟的催化剂，但实用性差，本研究以HAuCl4为前驱体，沉积-沉淀法制备Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂，用X-射线衍射（XRD）进行表征，考察了加入CeO2对Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化活性的影响。结果表明：Al2O3、CeO2/Al2O3表面的Au晶粒小，分散度高，Au/Al2O3的deNOx活性较低，而含金复合催化剂Au/CeO2/Al2O3的活性高于Au/Al2O3及Cu-ZSM-5。     

Ni/Al2O3、Co /Al2O3和Ni-Co /Al2O3催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的性能

利用浸渍法制备Ni/Al2O3、Co/Al2O3、Ni-Co/Al2O3催化剂,考察催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整反应的催化性能,对催化剂进行x射线衍射(XRD)表征.实验结果表明,Ni/Al2O3催化剂具有较好的低温活性,Co/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的氢气选择性和较低的甲烷选择性,而Ni-Co/Al2O3催化剂表现出良好的催化性能,有较高的低温活性,较高的氢气、二氧化碳选择性,较低的一氧化碳、甲烷选择性,450 ℃时乙醇转化率达到100%, 氢气选择性为79.8%,二氧化碳选择性为91.9%.     

Analysis of the factors affecting the magnetic characteristics of nano-Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> particles

We prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles using chemical coprecipitation and studied the factors affecting the magnetic characteristics of nano-Fe3O4 particles.We identified four factors and three levels of an orthogonal experiment and investigated these four factors that affect the magnetic characteristics of the Fe3O4 particles.We obtained important information from this investigation.The Fe3+ to Fe2+ molar ratio,the iron precursor salt,the amount of surfactant and the amount of alkali were found to be important.We also studied the influence of the order of alkali and surfactant addition,the aging time and the stirring speed on the magnetic characteristics of the nano-Fe3O4 particles.The Fe3O4 preparation process was also analyzed.     

Dissolution of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>TiO<Subscript>5</Subscript> inclusions in CaO-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> slags at 1823 K

Al-Ti-O inclusions always clog submerged nozzles in Ti-bearing Al-killed steel. A typical synthesized Al₂TiO₅ inclusion was immersed in a CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ molten slag for different durations at 1823 K. The Al₂TiO₅ dissolution paths and mechanism were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Decreased amounts of Ti and Al and increased amounts of Si and Ca at the dissolution boundary prove that inclusion dissolution and slag penetration simultaneously occur. SiO₂ diffuses or penetrates the inclusion more quickly than CaO, as indicated by the w(CaO)/w(SiO₂) value in the reaction region. A liquid product (containing 0.7–1.2 w(CaO)/w(SiO₂), 15wt%–20wt% Al₂O₃, and 5wt%–15wt% TiO₂) forms on the inclusion surface when Al₂TiO₅ is dissolved in the slag. Al₂TiO₅ initially dissolves faster than the diffusion rate of the liquid product toward the bulk slag. With increasing reaction time, the boundary reaches its largest distance, the Al₂TiO₅ dissolution rate equals the liquid product diffusion rate, and the dissolution process remains stable until the inclusion is completely dissolved.     

Al2O3/AlB12/AlN复相陶瓷的制备及其力学性能

以Al和B2O3为原料,采用高频感应加热方法制备出纯的Al2O3/AlB12/Al复合陶瓷粉体,然后在N2保护下1600℃热压烧结2h制备出Al2O3/AlB12/AlN复相陶瓷。采用XRD和SEM技术分别表征了Al2O3/AlB12/Al复合陶瓷粉的相和形貌以及Al2O3/AlB12/AlN复相陶瓷的相和断口形貌。采用三点弯曲法和压痕法分别测试了Al2O3/AlB12/AlN复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性。研究结果表明：由于室温下Al-B2O3体系的绝热温度大于1800K,因此可以采用高频感应加热方法点燃Al-B2O3体系,并制备出纯的Al2O3/AlB12/Al复合陶瓷粉体;Al2O3相和AlB12相是分别通过液-液反应机制和液-固反应机制生成;Al2O3/AlB12/AlN复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为549.48MPa和5.96MPa·m1/2,分别比纯Al2O3陶瓷的350MPa和4MPa·m1/2高56.99%和49%,这可能是原位反应生成的细小AlN颗粒增强增韧了Al2O3基陶瓷。     

不同退火条件对纳米Ge/Al2O3相嵌薄膜中纳米Ge颗粒的氧化态影响

采用脉冲激光沉积法制备了纳米Ge/Al2O3相嵌薄膜.用X射线光电子谱(XPS)研究了薄膜的热稳定性.结果表明纳米Ge颗粒的氧化态与已经发表的结果不同,而与Si的氧化态的结果相似.用纯高斯函数拟合可以得到Ge的四种不同的氧化态,分别为:Ge 1,Ge 2,Ge 3,Ge 4.这种大的差别来自纳米Ge颗粒的不同环境的影响.在真空退火条件下,由于缺少外部氧的供给和供给速度慢,很奇妙地,在薄膜表层的Ge 2,Ge 4氧化态不如其他氧化态和未氧化态(Ge0)稳定.而在清洁的大气环境退火条件下,外部氧的供给充分和供给速度快,在薄膜表层最稳定的氧化态是Ge 4.