SOD1、SOD2基因缺失对砷诱导酵母细胞凋亡的影响

为了探讨SOD1和SOD2基因在亚砷酸钠诱导酵母细胞凋亡中的作用,文章以酿酒酵母野生株BY4741(WT)及其突变体Δsod1和Δsod2为材料,研究了亚砷酸钠对酵母细胞生长和相对存活率的影响,以及酵母细胞在亚砷酸钠胁迫下活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平、线粒体膜电位和细胞凋亡率的变化。结果显示,亚砷酸钠可抑制酵母细胞生长,诱导胞内ROS水平和细胞凋亡率升高。在相同砷处理组中,Δsod1相对存活率和线粒体膜电位显著低于野生株,而细胞胞内ROS水平和细胞凋亡率显著高于野生株;Δsod2细胞凋亡率显著高于野生株。因此,亚砷酸钠诱导的酵母细胞凋亡与胞内ROS水平的升高有关,而超氧化物歧化酶基因与亚砷酸钠引起的细胞凋亡密切相关。     

二甲双胍通过三羧酸循环途径对巨噬细胞线粒体功能的影响

目的:通过对三羧酸循环(TCA)中的关键酶在炎症与抗炎时表达量的变化来分析二甲双胍(Met)对线粒体功能的影响.方法:用质量浓度为1μg/mL的脂多糖(LPS)刺激巨噬细胞,诱导出炎症,采用浓度为5 mmoL/L的Met对巨噬细胞进行抗炎处理,用流式细胞仪检测线粒体活性氧(ROS),使用Real-time PCR技术和Western Blot技术分析由LPS诱导出炎症和Met抗炎后的巨噬细胞线粒体中TCA循环通路的变化,用Western Blot技术测定线粒体自噬相关蛋白的变化,使用线粒体膜电位检测线粒体功能,以此推测TCA循环通路对线粒体功能的影响.结果:LPS刺激巨噬细胞8 h后诱导出巨噬细胞炎症,此时TCA循环通路中的关键酶表达水平降低,线粒体ROS升高,线粒体膜电位升高;Met抗炎后TCA循环中的关键酶表达增高,线粒体ROS降低,线粒体膜电位降低,线粒体自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1和LC3b表达量显著降低.结论:线粒体TCA循环在炎症状态下会被抑制,造成线粒体能量代谢失衡;Met能够抑制炎症,减弱线粒体自噬功能,同时抗炎状态会对TCA循环起到修复作用,使线粒体功能趋于稳定.     

神经鞘磷脂合成酶2与阿霉素致乳腺癌细胞线粒体损伤的相关性

目的:探讨神经鞘磷脂合成酶2(SMS2)的表达与阿霉素(ADR)致乳腺癌细胞线粒体损伤的相关性.方法:采用过表达慢病毒感染法构建并筛选SMS2过表达的乳腺癌MCF-7细胞.CCK-8实验检测细胞对ADR的IC50值,选择适当浓度的ADR药物作用条件处理细胞后,使用MitoSOX试剂染色检测线粒体ROS水平,检测细胞内ATP水平以评估线粒体功能;电镜观察线粒体超微结构的异同;Western blot检测线粒体细胞色素C的释放水平和细胞凋亡相关蛋白Cleaved-PARP、Cleaved-Caspase 3、Bcl-2、Bax表达水平.结果:SMS2过表达的MCF-7细胞对ADR的IC50值为(2.42±0.073)μmol/L,而对照组细胞IC50值为(0.62±0.036)μmol/L(P<0.01).2μmol/L ADR处理细胞24 h后,SMS2过表达的MCF-7细胞内线粒体ROS水平降低(P<0.05);细胞内ATP水平增加(P<0.05);电镜观察示线粒体结构性损伤减轻;线粒体细胞色素C的释放水平降低(P<0.05);抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达增加,促凋亡蛋白Cleaved-PARP、Cleaved-Caspase 3、Bax的表达减少(P<0.05).结论:SMS2过表达可能通过减轻ADR对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞线粒体的损伤作用,进而抑制细胞凋亡.     

山奈酚诱导三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中乳腺癌耐药蛋白的表达并下调抗肿瘤药物对MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤作用

为确定三叶青活性物质山奈酚对三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)的影响及其作用的分子机制,通过定量PCR的方法检测TNBC临床标本及MDA-MB-231细胞中孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor,PXR)的表达情况;通过荧光素酶报告基因活性检测确定山奈酚对MDA-MB-231细胞中PXR转录因子活性的影响;通过MTT(四唑盐)方法、裸鼠皮下成瘤方法研究了山奈酚以及抗肿瘤药物卡铂、维利帕尼以及拉帕替尼等对MDA-MB-231细胞的抗肿瘤作用。结果表明:PXR在TNBC临床标本以及MDA-MB-231细胞中有明确表达;山奈酚能够诱导MDA-MB-231细胞对抗肿瘤药物卡铂、维利帕尼以及拉帕替尼等对MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤作用;山奈酚能够诱导MDA-MB-231中PXR的转录因子活性以及PXR下游基因乳腺癌的表达;使用小干扰RNA(small interfere RNA,siRNA)抑制乳腺癌耐药蛋白(breast cancer resistance protein,BCRP)的表达能够逆转山奈酚诱导的抗肿瘤药物耐药。可见,山奈酚诱导TNBC细胞MDA-MB-231中乳腺癌耐药蛋白的表达并下调抗肿瘤药物对MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤作用。     

甘松新酮对H9C2心肌细胞低氧损伤的作用及其机制

以氯化钴(CoCl2)构建H9C2心肌细胞低氧损伤模型,研究Nar在其中的作用及机制.CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力,流式细胞仪测细胞凋亡,以自噬抑制剂3-MA预作用细胞探讨Nar对自噬的影响,Western Blot检测Beclin-1、LC3II/LC3I、P62、Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3蛋白表达,分光...     

Hsp90抑制剂17-AAG通过EGFR,IGFR途径抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖

 17-AAG通过抑制Hsp90的功能而抑制多种肿瘤细胞的生长增殖,用不同浓度17-AAG作用于乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231和BT474,用SRB法检测细胞相对存活数,计算半数抑制药物浓度IC₅₀;并用Westernblotting检测Hsp90的"顾客"蛋白EGFR,IGFR-1以及G2/M细胞周期蛋白cdc2的表达,研究17-AAG抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡的途径.结果显示,1μmol/L的17-AAG已能完全抑制MDA-MB-231和BT474细胞增殖,2种细胞的IC₅₀分别为0.0587,0.0576μmol/L;17-AAG作用的乳腺癌细胞EGFR,IGFR-1表达明显下调,此作用呈剂量依赖性.这些研究结果表明17-AGG可显著抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和BT474的生长增殖,此作用与17-AGG抑制细胞生长因子受体途径有关.     

黑枸杞花青素对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7凋亡与自噬相互作用的影响

为探究黑枸杞花青素对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7凋亡与自噬相互作用的影响,本试验利用DAPI、Hoechst、MDC染色、流式细胞术、RT-qPCR、Western Blot等方法分别检测黑枸杞花青素结合自噬抑制剂3-MA对RAW264.7细胞核形态、凋亡率、凋亡因子mRNA、JNK信号通路因子mRNA及蛋白表达的影响;黑枸杞花青素结合JNK抑制剂SP600125对RAW264.7自噬体、自噬因子mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果表明:黑枸杞花青素结合3-MA后RAW264.7未发现明显凋亡形态,但细胞数量增多,凋亡率显著降低(P <0.05),Caspase-3、Bax的mRNA表达显著降低(P <0.05),Bcl-2的mRNA表达显著升高(P <0.05),Bax/Bcl-2的mRNA表达显著降低(P <0.05),JNK信号通路因子JNK的mRNA表达及p-JNK的蛋白表达显著降低(P <0.05);黑枸杞花青素结合SP600125后RAW264.7无自噬体聚集现象,LC3-Ⅱ的mRNA及蛋白表达显著降低(P <0.05),Beclin-1的mR...     

细胞应激条件下嗜热四膜虫线粒体膜电位变化研究

单细胞线虫纲原生动物四膜虫(Tetrahymena),在H2O2的诱导下可发生凋亡样死亡.另外,最新研究表明细胞中活性氧簇(ROS)的积累可有效地诱导细胞自噬途径的发生.通过流式细胞技术和荧光显微技术,检测了经饥饿和ROS诱导剂处理后,线粒体内膜电位变化及细胞内ROS的积累.此外,应用两种抗氧化剂氮乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase)分别对四膜虫细胞进行处理,检测了在氧化应激条件下的抗氧化作用效果.结果表明,Oligomycin和Menadione可有效抑制线粒体膜电位的维持,从而导致细胞内ROS积累.同时,H2O2处理和饥饿处理可以导致嗜热四膜虫细胞线粒体膜电位丧失以及细胞质ROS积累.另外,N-acetylcystine和Catalase可有效地降低四膜虫细胞内ROS的积累,以及保持四膜虫细胞线粒体内膜电位,维持通透性.     

二甲双胍增强人结肠癌细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶的敏感性

目的:探讨二甲双胍联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)对人结肠癌细胞(LoVo细胞)增殖和凋亡的影响及其相关分子机制.方法:噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度二甲双胍、不同质量浓度5-FU及两者联用干预后LoVo细胞的存活率;联合指数(CI)法评估二甲双胍、5-FU的协同效应;集落克隆形成法检测药物对LoVo细胞增殖的影响;Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒(JC-1)检测细胞线粒体膜电位;Western blot检测Mcl-1、Bak、Bcl-2、Bax的蛋白表达水平.结果:不同浓度二甲双胍和(或) 5-FU对LoVo细胞的增殖均具有抑制作用(P0.05);浓度为1.25 mmol/L的二甲双胍与5-FU联用干预24、48、72 h的LoVo细胞与单独应用5-FU干预的LoVo细胞相比,细胞的存活率均明显降低(P0.05),二甲双胍、5-FU联用24、48、72 h的CI值均小于0.7;浓度为1.25 mmol/L的二甲双胍可增强质量浓度为12.5μg/mL的5-FU抑制LoVo细胞集落克隆形成的作用(P0.05);降低细胞线粒体膜电位;双染结果显示,联合用药组的凋亡率为(24.38±0.76)%,明显高于二甲双胍组(11.79±0.39)%和5-FU组(16.23±0.46)%(P0.05);联合用药组Mcl-1、Bcl-2的蛋白表达的下调程度和Bak、Bax的蛋白表达上调程度较二甲双胍组和5-FU组更明显(P0.05).结论:二甲双胍可增强5-FU诱导人结肠癌LoVo细胞凋亡的敏感性,其作用机制可能与下调Mcl-1、Bcl-2和上调Bak、Bax有关.     

藻红蛋白调控ΔΨ_m诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡

研究藻红蛋白调控细胞内线粒体膜电位变化诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡的研究.MTT法检测藻红蛋白对MCF-7细胞的细胞毒作用;倒置显微镜观察藻红蛋白对细胞形态学的影响;Ho-echst33258单染,荧光显微镜下观察藻红蛋白作用MCF-7细胞的形态学变化;PI单染,流式细胞术测定藻红蛋白诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡的凋亡率;TMRE单染,激光共聚焦显微镜检测MCF-7细胞中线粒体膜电位的变化.藻红蛋白对MCF-7细胞的IC50为81.60μg/L;形态学观察在作用48 h后,随给药质量浓度增加细胞生长密度逐渐变疏,细胞变小,细胞皱缩,高质量浓度组大部分细胞破碎,贴壁减少.Hoechst33258荧光染色结果显示,藻红蛋白与MCF-7细胞共培养后,随着剂量增加细胞呈明显的固缩状,细胞核出现碎片和凋亡小体等细胞凋亡现象;藻红蛋白作用48 h后的细胞出现凋亡的亚二倍体峰,DNA复制下降;凋亡率分别为25.18%、55.45%、83.94%.不同质量浓度藻红蛋白对MCF-7作用48 h后,线粒体膜电位荧光强度分别为24.40±0.21、20.45±0.24和19.77±0.27.藻红蛋白通过调节细胞内线粒体膜电位变化诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that