壳聚糖/SiO2复合膜的制备及性能研究

以廉价的工业硅溶胶为SiO2纳米粒子,使其与壳聚糖的醋酸溶液共混,得到壳聚糖/SiO2复合膜(简称复合膜).研究了复合膜在干态和湿态下的力学性能,在波长200～800nm范围内的透光率,在水中的溶胀率,复合膜内SiO2微粒的形貌及其与壳聚糖的相互作用.结果表明:随着膜内SiO2质量分数增加,复合膜的溶胀率从65.88%降到45.65%.复合膜在干态和湿态下的拉伸强度、伸长率等力学性能呈现先增加到最大值,然后又降低的变化趋势.复合膜中SiO2质量分数为14.07%,其干态膜的力学性能较佳,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为58.09MPa和20.74%.当复合膜中SiO2质量分数为30.30%时,湿态膜的力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度为35.83MPa,断裂伸长率为114.76%.SiO2通过与壳聚糖形成强的相互作用而被均匀分散在复合膜内,该复合膜具有良好的生物相容性和耐水性能,可作为一种潜在的生物分离功能膜.     

乙二醛交联对明胶/PVA可生物降解复合膜性能的影响

采用流延成型法以乙二醛作为交联剂成功制备了明胶/聚乙烯醇复合膜,考察了交联剂浓度、交联时间、反应温度、反应pH等对共混膜力学性能的影响以及交联剂用量对复合膜溶解性能的影响。研究结果表明:在反应温度40℃左右,复合膜具有较高的拉伸强度,而断裂伸长率随着温度的升高呈下降的趋势;随着乙二醛用量的增加,复合膜的拉伸强度呈现先增加而后逐渐降低的趋势,而断裂伸长率呈现逐渐降低的趋势;随着交联时间的增加,复合膜的拉伸强度先增加而后逐渐降低;在pH值为3时,复合膜具有较大的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,而pH值为4和5时,复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率基本上都处于最低值。     

提高壳聚糖/纳米SiOx复合膜机械性能的研究

采用二次回归旋转正交组合试验设计方法,探讨了壳聚糖纳米SiOx复合膜的优化工艺条件,用流延法制得分散比较均匀的纳米复合膜,并对涂膜结构进行红外光谱（IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征。结果表明：复合膜（CTS-SiOx）中壳聚糖与SiOx粒子表面的大量羟基存在强烈的氢键相互作用,当壳聚糖为1.98g、SiOx 0.017g、单甘酯0.04g时,壳聚糖复合涂膜拉伸强度达到最优值,以壳聚糖单膜相比,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和直角撕裂强度分别提高了49％, 45％和12%。复合膜的性能优于简单膜。     

壳聚糖/纳米SiOx复合膜的制备及机械性能

采用二次回归旋转正交试验方法,探讨了制备壳聚糖/纳米SiOx复合膜的优化工艺条件,用流延法制得分散比较均匀的纳米复合膜,并对涂膜结构进行红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)表征.结果表明:复合膜(CTS-SiOx)中壳聚糖与SiOx粒子表面的大量羟基存在强烈的氢键作用;当配料为壳聚糖1.98 g、SiOx 0.017 g、单甘酯0.04 g时,壳聚糖复合涂膜拉伸强度达到最优值、与纯壳聚糖单膜相比,复合膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和直角撕裂强度分别提高了63.3%,45.4%和11.6%,透水率降低了73.1%.可见复合膜的性能优于单膜.     

甜菜果胶鱼明胶复合可食膜的制备及特性研究

以甜菜果胶及鱼明胶2种生物大分子为基材,以0.03g/mL甘油为增塑剂,制备甜菜果胶-鱼明胶复合可食膜,分析不同鱼明胶添加量对于复合膜的含水量、水蒸气透过率、溶解性、透光性、外观色差、机械性能及抑菌活性的影响。研究表明,随着鱼明胶添加量的增加(0.01~0.05g/mL),复合膜的溶解率由95.43%降至66.20%,透光率显著提高；且当鱼明胶添加量为0.02g/mL时,复合膜含水量为24.52%,水蒸气透过率为10.41g·(cm·d·MPa)-1,抗拉强度为3.09N,表现出较优的性能；与单一膜相比,复合膜的抗拉强度均有所改善。因此,实验表明甜菜果胶-鱼明胶复合膜在应用于新型包装材料方面具有良好潜力。     

燃料电池用季铵化聚乙烯醇与羟基磷灰石阴离子膜

以季铵化聚乙烯醇(QPVA)和羟基磷灰石(HA)为原料制备了燃料电池用阴离子复合膜,对膜材料分别进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)结构表征和热失重(TGA)分析.结果显示,HA的引入将复合膜的热分解温度提高了约30℃.对不同HA掺杂量的一系列阴离子复合膜的物理化学性能指标的测试表明,HA的掺杂改善了复合膜的溶胀率和断裂拉伸强度,减缓了升温条件下因水蒸发导致的膜电导率的下降;但复合膜的离子交换量有所降低.当HA的掺杂量(质量分数)由0增加到75.0%时,相应复合膜的体积溶胀率由105.5%降低为55.5%;拉伸强度由47.9 MPa提高到69.5 MPa;离子交换量则由0.72 mmol/g降低为0....     

海藻酸钠复合膜的制备及性能研究

以海藻酸钠为成膜主料,添加增塑剂、增强剂等,研究壳聚糖、玉米淀粉、聚丙烯酸钠各组分的添加对海藻酸钠膜拉力、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、厚度的影响.确定海藻酸钠复合膜各组分的最佳质量浓度为海藻酸钠5％,甘油2％,聚丙烯酸钠0.1％,玉米淀粉2％,壳聚糖2％,测得复合膜拉力为5.2 N,断裂伸长率为93.3％,水蒸气透过量为...     

影响魔芋葡甘聚糖/碳酸钙复合膜拉伸强度的因素

采用共混法制备了魔芋葡甘聚糖／碳酸钙（KGM／CaCO,）复合膜,研究了影响复合膜拉伸强度的因素。结果表明：KGM浓度在0．8％～1．5％范围内变化时,对KGM／CaC03膜的拉伸强度的影响不大;CaCO3：KGM的质量比在5-10到6：10之间膜的拉伸强度最好;随着表面活性剂量的增加,膜的拉伸强度增加,然而当其量超过1．0％时,KGM／CaC03膜的拉伸强度降低;当pH升至8左右时,KGM／CaC03膜拉伸强度达到最大。复合膜的拉伸强度随紫外照射时间的增加而增加,且在1h时达到最大,超过1h后的辐照将导致复合膜拉伸强度下降。红外光谱分析表明适度的紫外辐照可促使KGM分子之间交联,但过长时间的辐照则导致KGM分子链断裂,膜的拉伸强度降低。     

增塑剂对壳聚糖-PVA共混膜性能的影响

采用溶液共混法制备壳聚糖-PVA共混膜,研究了不同增塑剂含量对膜的吸水率、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率的影响.结果表明,当甘油含量为7％时,共混莫的综合性能最优,透光度较好,力学性能提高,吸水量较低     

六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺与丙烯酸酯粘合剂、乙二醇混合体系在无纺布上的性能研究

将六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺(HMMM)-丙烯酸酯粘合剂-乙二醇-酸性催化剂的混合体系涂抹于无纺布上并在高温下烘烤成膜,探讨了HMMM、乙二醇用量以及烘烤时间对涂膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、收缩率和吸水率等性能的影响.结果表明:随着HMMM用量的增加,涂膜无纺布的拉伸强度上升,断裂伸长率下降,吸水率也有所下降.随着乙二醇用量的增加,涂膜无纺布的拉伸强度先增大后减小,断裂伸长率先基本不变后下降,吸水率和收缩率均先下降后增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the