磁场中单电子原子的对称性破缺及其能级分裂

本文讨论孤立单电子原子（包括氢和碱金属原子）在均匀外磁场中的对称性破缺及由此引起的能级分裂问题。原子物理或初等量子力学告诉我们，磁场中原子的能级分裂是磁场与原子磁矩相互作用产生的附加能量造成的。有趣的是，从对称性角度看，磁场之所以能引起原子能级分裂，是磁场使原子系统的对称性破缺的结果。本文以孤立单电子原子在均匀磁场中的能级分裂为例加以论述。     

一种新型的中性冷原子干涉仪的分束机制

提出了一种由两个Y型分束器的输出端对接构成的新型中性冷原子干涉仪方案.计算了不同横截面的磁场分布,讨论了磁阱中心位置的变化,给出了原子干涉仪的磁场等势面分布.在此方案基础上,提出了在y方向加一均匀偏置磁场来实现分束比的改变,详细分析了分束机制,并采用经典Monte-Carlo方法,模拟了冷原子在原子干涉仪中的动力学过程,得到了可调分束比的结果,验证了该方案的可行性.     

论正常塞曼效应的判定

对磁场中的原子经过数学和量子力学推导，指出以磁场强弱作为正常塞曼效应的依据是错误的．得到总自旋为零的原子才能在磁场中产生正常塞曼效应，抓住原子的这一固有属性才能抓住事物的本质。     

物质磁性的微观描述

用量子力掌的方法．导出原子核外电子在外磁场中的哈米顿量及所满足的薛定语方程．并用徵扰理论推导出原子磁矩的微观描述。     

磁场下椭圆形量子线中电子与空穴的基态能量

采用单电子近似方法求解薛定谔方程,研究了椭圆形量子线中电子和空穴的基态能量及其受磁场的影响.详细描述了能量哈密顿算符在原子单位与国际单位之间的换算及处理粒子有效质量失配及空穴有效质量各向异性的一种方法,数值结果表明,磁场的约束使得粒子的基态能量增加,粒子的基态能量随着椭圆坐标中的参数的增大而减小.本文所用的方法可推广到其他类似物理模型的薛定谔方程的求解中.     

从塞曼谱线的偏振性看原子辐射的偏振性

塞曼谱线的偏振性是原子电偶极辐射偏振性质的宏观表现。用经典物理中的电偶极子模型很容易解释原子辐射的偏振性质。但是,只有在外磁场中,这种偏振性质才能得到表现,这就是塞曼谱线。在无外磁场时,由于原子的空间简并化,使得原子辐射的谱线呈现非偏振牲。     

非均匀磁场条件下CQED模型中的原子囚禁

应用一种半经典的方法求解了非均匀磁场中的CQED模型，借助于数值模拟发现了该模型中原子的囚禁与混沌运动以及三模激光场之间的关联耦合等特征，并讨论了激光场的强度、频率和非均匀磁场的磁场强度在数对原子囚禁的影响，其物理图像直观、清晰。     

表象变换在解决自旋系统量子多体问题中的应用

介绍粒子数表象和角动量表象在解决F=1的旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体基态量子特性问题中的综合应用。把表象变化推广到由两种代表性的原子87 Rb和23 Na组成的旋量BEC混合物系统中(简称自旋1+1系统),并用严格对角化数值方法研究受外磁场影响的情况。发现在研究反铁磁23 Na原子形成的自旋单态的特性时,如果在其中参杂大量的铁磁性原子(87 Rb),则会有更新的研究价值。铁磁原子的集体行为相当于提供了一个稳定均匀背景,有效地延缓和阻止了23 Na原子中粒子数分布和量子涨落随磁场的快速突变,为实验上观察到"破碎凝聚态(fragmented state)"提供了可能。     

利用“光抽运-磁共振-光探测”技术测量Rb原子的g_F因子

利用D1圆偏振光照射气态Rb原子,光抽运作用导致Rb原子在基态能级中粒子数偏极化。通过射频磁场与Rb原子磁共振,使Rb原子发生感应跃迁,减弱Rb原子偏极化程度的同时,重新激活光抽运作用。探测Rb原子对D1圆偏振光的吸收状况,确定磁共振时射频磁场的频率。在测量出塞曼分裂的磁场大小之后,便可计算出Rb原子的gF因子。     

原子态在外磁场中能级不分裂的一种判定方法

用３个量子数Ｌ，Ｓ，Ｊ来判定原子态在外磁场中能级是否分裂．分析了原子态在弱磁场中不发生分裂的根本原因，比通过计算朗德因子ｇ的判定方法简便．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that