油用牡丹‘凤丹’花粉萌发率、柱头可授性及结实性研究

以专用型油用牡丹品种‘凤丹’为材料,开展了花粉萌发率、柱头可授性及结实性研究。结果表明,‘凤丹’盛花期花粉萌发率高达68.40%,具有较高的活力;‘凤丹’花后第5～7 d柱头可授性最强,且柱头在花后第6 d分泌黏液,此时达到最佳可授性;‘凤丹’每花结籽数为22.1粒,每心皮结籽数为4.3粒。研究结果为提高‘凤丹’种子产量提供了一定理论基础。     

白蜡花粉最佳离体萌发培养基筛选

【目的】筛选白蜡(Fraxinus sp.)花粉最适离体培养基，能够为后续的授粉受精和育种工作提供一定的参考依据。【方法】通过收集绒毛白蜡‘金箭’(F.velutina‘Jinjian’)和美国红梣‘鲁蜡5号’(F.pennsylvanica‘Lula 5’)的花粉，比较固体培养基和液体培养基上花粉的萌发情况，选用适宜的离体培养法观察培养时间对花粉萌发情况的影响，设计正交试验，筛选最佳离体萌发培养基。【结果】(1)固体培养基上‘金箭’的花粉萌发率均显著高于液体培养基，02和03号固体培养基上‘鲁蜡5号’的花粉萌发率显著高于液体培养基。(2)培养2.5 h左右的花粉适宜进行生活力的观测。(3)正交试验表明：‘金箭’花粉的最适萌发培养基为150 g/L蔗糖+20 mg/L硼酸+30 mg/L氯化钙，‘鲁蜡5号’花粉的最适萌发培养基为150 g/L蔗糖+40 mg/L硼酸+30 mg/L氯化钙。【结论】采用150 g/L蔗糖+20 mg/L硼酸+30 mg/L氯化钙的固体培养基培养2.5 h后适宜统计两种白蜡花粉的萌发情况，但不同种的花粉萌发率与花粉管长度的相关性有差异。     

不同培养和贮藏条件对‘凤丹白’牡丹花粉萌发的影响

为了确定不同质量浓度的蔗糖和硼酸组合溶液对‘凤丹白’(Paeonia ostii‘Fengdanbai’)牡丹花粉萌发的影响,探讨在适宜的培养质量浓度条件下不同的培养时间与萌发率之间的关系、不同温度条件贮藏后干花粉萌发率的变化情况,以新鲜的‘凤丹白’牡丹花粉为材料,用花粉离体萌发法进行活力测定并采用液体培养花粉的方法。结果表明:0.06 g·L~(-1)硼酸+100 g·L~(-1)蔗糖培养的‘凤丹白’花粉萌发率为63.22%,最适的离体培养时间为8 h,在5种不同温度条件下贮藏后生活力变化显著,超低温(-80℃)状态下花粉生活力基本保持不变,可以长期贮藏;4℃,低温(-18℃)状态下花粉生活力下降较慢,可以短期贮藏;而在30℃和25℃状态下花粉生活力下降较快,不适合贮藏。湿花粉生活力在30℃条件下比在25℃条件下下降的更快,在温度条件相同时湿花粉生活力均低于干花粉生活力。     

美国红枫‘白兰地’的组织培养与快繁技术

以美国红枫‘白兰地’(Acer rubrum‘Brandywine’)的带腋芽的茎段为外植体,进行了组织培养与快繁技术研究,结果表明:1)外植体的最佳取材时段为3-5月,最佳消毒方案是用3%的NaClO处理8min,污染率仅为2.22%,存活率达91.11%.2)启动培养中,3因素对其影响的主次顺序依次为培养基,IBA,6-BA.在WPM,MS,1/2MS,DKW 4种培养基中,WPM对外植体启动培养影响显著高于其他3种,最佳培养基配方为WPM+IBA 0.5mg/L+6-BA 2.0mg/L.3)增殖培养的最佳培养基配方为WPM+0.002mg/L TDZ+0.4mg/L NAA,增殖系数为1.37.4)壮苗培养的最佳培养基配方为WPM+0.5mg/L NAA+1.0mg/L GA3,苗的长势最好,茎粗且伸长明显,叶大且绿.5)根诱导培养中,4因素对其影响的主次顺序依次为6-BA,GA3,培养基,IBA,最佳培养基配方为MS+2.0mg/L IBA+1.0mg/L GA3,生根率高达93.3%.6)组培苗的炼苗移栽以先闭盖锻炼6d,后开盖锻炼2d,再移栽到沙与腐殖质等比混合的基质中,存活率最高,达86.7%.     

一品红花粉离体萌发影响因子的研究

以一品红7个品种为试材,研究了培养基组分、pH值、培养方法和培养条件对一品红花粉离体萌发的影响.结果表明:一品红花粉较适宜离体萌发培养基为ME3+15％ PEG 4000+10％蔗糖(pH=6.0);培养基中添加适宜浓度的PEG 4000、蔗糖、ME3均可显著促进一品红花粉萌发,其中以添加PEG 4000萌发率最高,蔗糖次之;ME3还可提高花粉管质量,花粉管长度适中、较直且粗.花粉萌发适宜温度为20℃-25℃,固体和液体培养以及黑暗和光照条件对一品红花粉萌发的影响差异均不显著.7个一品红品种花粉离体萌发率存在较大差异.     

铁线莲‘Multi Blue’体细胞胚诱导和植株再生

以铁线莲品种‘Multi Blue’的茎尖为外植体,1/2MS为基本培养基,进行胚性愈伤组织和体细胞胚的诱导及植株再生条件的选择。结果表明：茎尖外植体在1/2MS+TDZ(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.5 mg/L)+2 %蔗糖+0.7 %琼脂的固体培养基中培养时可形成淡黄色块状至颗粒状愈伤组织,经继代培养后可逐渐形成胚性愈伤组织;体细胞胚诱导以1/2MS+TDZ(0.2 mg/L)+IBA(0.1 mg/L)+ABA(0.3 mg/L)+CH(0.5 g/L)为佳,诱导率可达96 %;而适宜的体细胞胚萌发培养基为1/2MS+6-BA(0.2 mg/L)+IBA(0.05 mg/L)。体胚再生植株经驯化后,移 栽成活率可达80 %以上。     

多个月季品种与蔷薇的花粉生活力研究

以30个月季品种及蔷薇属植物为试验材料,采用沙尔达考夫染色法、悬滴液发芽法测定其花粉生活力,并根据花粉萌发率对品种进行分级.结果表明:1)悬滴液发芽法更适合花粉生活力的测定,10%蔗糖浓度下适宜月季品种及蔷薇属植物的花粉萌发;2)30个月季品种和蔷薇中,花粉萌发率较高的是‘十姊妹’、‘橘红火焰’、‘小果蔷薇’和‘粉荷’,分别为84.20%、71.60%、59.20%和54.00%,花粉生活力随着时间的延长而降低;3)以花粉萌发率为判断标准,月季品种及蔷薇分为三个等级,一级品种:‘十姊妹’、‘橘红火焰’,萌发率高于50%;二级品种:‘粉和平’、‘摩尼卡’,萌发率在10%~50%;三级品种:‘光谱’、‘金阵雨’,萌发率低于10%.     

‘と’与‘に’在事物转化方面的表现

在日语中 ,‘と’与‘に’是两个使用频度很高的格助词 ,在事物转化方面都表示变化的结果 ,存在许多相似之处 ,但仔细考察‘と’与‘に’在使用上的内涵 ,却不能简单地理解为只是表达同样的一个结果的表现 ,实际上存在着很大差异 ,因而在学习和使用‘と’与‘に’时 ,不仅要考虑二者的表面含义和形式 ,更应该全面地、正确地理解二者之间的共性与差异     

营养成分对‘安陆1号’银杏胚离体培养成苗的影响

以‘安陆1号’品种银杏胚为材料,探讨基本培养基及外源添加物对银杏胚离体萌发成苗的影响.结果表明:‘安陆1号’银杏胚在基本培养基N6中最易萌发成苗,其成苗率达到36.7%; N6中加入适宜添加物椰子乳、活性炭、水解酪蛋白和银杏胚乳汁均能更有效促进胚萌发和成苗;其中0.5 g/L水解酪蛋白的促进效果最好,银杏胚离体萌发的成苗率达到92.8%,平均株高达到4.1 cm,且幼苗健康粗壮,为‘安陆1号’银杏胚的离体萌发成苗提供了技术可能.     

‘鲁枣2号’和‘鲁枣6号’花药愈伤组织诱导及不定芽分化

为建立枣高效花药培养体系,获得再生植株,以‘鲁枣2号’及‘鲁枣6号’花药为外植体,利用L9(34)正交设计筛选适宜枣愈伤组织诱导的培养基;并以MS和WPM培养基添加不同浓度的TDZ,2,4-D,IAA,GA3试验了花药愈伤组织的分化能力。结果表明,适宜‘鲁枣2号’和‘鲁枣6号’花药愈伤组织诱导的培养基为1/4 MS,NAA的质量浓度0.3 mg·L~(-1),2,4-D的质量浓度1.5 mg·L~(-1),麦芽糖的质量浓度30.0 g·L-1;诱导得到3种类型的愈伤组织,其中黄白色致密愈伤组织分化能力强。在分化培养基MS,TDZ的质量浓度0.1 mg·L~(-1),IAA的质量浓度0.1 mg·L~(-1),GA3的质量浓度1.0 mg·L~(-1)和培养基WPM,KT的质量浓度0.2mg·L~(-1),IAA的质量浓度0.5 mg·L~(-1),GA3的质量浓度1.0 mg·L~(-1)上均能分化得到正常不定芽,分化率分别达80.0%~100.0%(‘鲁枣2号’)和41.7%~50.0%(‘鲁枣6号’)。建立了‘鲁枣2号’及‘鲁枣6号’花药培养体系,获得再生植株。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~